Iran unveiled yesterday a new, long range surface-launched land attack cruise missile. The new missile called ‘Soumar’ was presented yesterday to the Iranian Defense Minister, Brigadier general Hossein Dehqan. Unveiling the missile developed by Iranian scientists Dehqan said the new weapon ‘will increase Iran’s deterrence might’.
No details about the weapon’s specifications, performance or payload were provided but according to the Iranian media, Tehran plans to introduce an enhanced model of the missile this year, that will increase the range, accuracy and warhead capability of the current version.
The missile seems to be one of the variants of the ‘Meshkat’ cruise missile, announced by the director of the Iranian Defense Ministry’s Aerospace Organization, Brigadier General Mehdi Farahi three years ago. “Meshkat cruise missile, which God willing will be unveiled soon, has a range of more than 2,000 kilometers.” Farahi told the Iranian media in 2012, “it will be the upper hand of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.” [ismember]Farahi said the Iranian Defense Ministry has already produced five cruise missiles – Zafar, Nasr, Nour, Qaser and Ghadir (though to be variants of the Chinese C-701, 704 and 802 missiles). He added that the development of nine more cruise missiles is under study. Farahi claimed the Meshkat will have an air-launched, surface (naval) launched and ground-launched variants. [/ismember]
As mentioned above, most of the Iranian coastal and naval attack missiles are based on Chinese C-series (C-701, 704, and 802). Unlike these, Soumar do not resemble any Chinese weapon, but bears close similarity to the Russian Kh55SM cruise missile. Iran acquired 6 such missiles from the Ukraine in 2001. These missiles were also sold to China in 2000 and more were delivered to an undisclosed customer, assumably North Korea.
One of the factors determining the missile’s range is likely to be the miniature turbofan. The original weapon delivered to Iran was powered by the Russian designed, Ukraine made R95-300 mini-turbofan, but in the mid 2000s, as Russia transferred the production of critical systems to its industry, equipping its new production missiles Kh55 with TRDD-50 turbofans made by the Russian Saturn company. According to expert assessments, if the Iranians had access to the Russian engine or the original R95-300 produced in the Ukraine, the missile could reach an operational range of 2,000 km, carrying a warhead of 410kg weight. The strategic version used by Russian Air Force carries 200-250 Kt nuclear warhead.
This small, fuel efficient turbofan delivers the thrust and size class required to power cruise missiles, standoff missiles and UAVs. The cited thrust rating is 400 to 500 kp (880 to 1,000 lbf), with a dry mass of 95 kg (210 lb), a Specific Fuel Consumption of 0.65, a length of 0.85 m (33.5 in) and diameter of 0.33 m (13 in).
Russia is not likely to allow the export of such engines to equip foreign weapons programs, since it will be considered a violation of the MTCR regime. But Moscow agreed to supply such engines to power the Indian target drone ‘Lakshya’. However, the mini turbofans are believed to have also powered the Indian cruise missile Nirbhay on its maiden flight in October 2014.[ismember]
For the near term the Iranians would rather rely on domestically produced engine, already supporting jet-powered drones; however, less efficient engine would significantly reduce the missile’s range. Iran could also try to obtain such engines from alternative sources – the Russian AMNTK Soyuz has modified the cruise missile’s engines into civilian, electrical co-generating turbines, and as such they are also available for export.
The Kh55 uses a terrain profile matching (TERCOM) based navigation, matching the flight profile measured by radar altimeter with a 3D digital terrain map stored in the missile’s memory. This technique is used with most cruise missiles produced in the 1980-1990s. An inertial navigation unit is also used to correct course deviation. Utilizing more modern avionics and computing systems, the Iranian variant is likely to add more modern techniques, given the high level of technological competency available in Iran.[/ismember]
As a variant of the Kh55, the Iranians could also pursue the course the Russian designers paved, turning their cruise missile into a versatile strike weapon launched from submarines, surface ships and ground based launchers. Unlike the fixed engine configuration of the Kh55, the 3R-54 ‘Club’ uses a ‘drop down’ engine, thus packing the cylindrical missile more efficiently in storage canisters, ensuring unobstructed launch procedure, particularly from the confined space of submarine launchers.
An interesting capability introduced by the missile manufacturer ‘AGAT’ is the containerized version – Club K, enabling the launching of cruise missiles from ‘innocent looking’ cargo ships, rail cars or trucks, a practice the Iranians, Syrians and their Hezbollah proxy have practiced many times in the past.
[ismember]Last year Iran unveiled another air launched cruise missile dubbed ‘Ya Ali’, a cruise missile claimed to have a range of 700 km. Ya-Ali has some design features similar to the Chinese C-602. However, unlike the Chinese missile, the Iranian weapon displayed last year did not have retractable wings and was strapped with a booster motor fitted with wings rather than fins, hinting at ground-launch rather than aerial launch.
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