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    From Venezuela, to India, and the Rise of the Laser Era – a Weekly Defense Update

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    The opening week of 2026 has been defined by a singular, paradigmatic shift in modern warfare: the “catastrophic failure” of Venezuela’s integrated air defense network during a U.S. special operation. This event serves as a brutal real-world validation of the trends currently dominating defense news, specifically the supremacy of advanced electronic warfare (EW) over legacy kinetic defenses and the critical need for next-generation situational awareness. The operation, which resulted in the capture of President Maduro, succeeded not through brute force, but by rendering Venezuela’s Russian S-300VM and Chinese “anti-stealth” radars effectively blind. This failure of Eastern-bloc hardware to detect or engage U.S. forces has sent shockwaves through the global market, underscoring why nations like Spain and Germany are rushing to modernize their air defense architectures with Western alternatives, such as the Patriot system.


    The conflict in Venezuela starkly illustrates that in 2026, a nation’s security is defined not by the missiles it displays, but by the electronic shield that protects, or fails to protect, its sensors.

    Air Defense systems destroyed in Venezuela. Photo: Reuters

    The global defense sector is undergoing accelerated transformation, driven by a confluence of heightened geopolitical instability and rapid technological advancement. Nations are urgently modernizing their military capabilities, a trend underscored by massive procurement approvals and a clear pivot towards next-generation systems. Lessons learned from recent conflicts have placed a premium on achieving technological and numerical superiority, leading to significant investments in affordable, mass-produced weapons and unmanned systems, advanced air defense systems, directed energy weapons, and hypersonic missiles. This dynamic environment is reshaping national defense strategies, industrial priorities, and international alliances.

    Analysis of the current market reveals several dominant, interlocking trends that are defining the future of defense procurement and operations:

    • Technological Superiority: There is a pronounced global focus on acquiring a decisive technological edge. This is most evident in the race to develop and deploy unmanned systems across all domains, the pursuit of cost-effective counter-drone capabilities, the operationalization of directed energy weapons, and the development of strategic hypersonic missiles.
    • Indigenous Production & Modernization: A strategic imperative for sovereign defense industrial capacity is driving major national efforts. Nations like India and Turkey are at the forefront, channeling significant state investment into developing domestic design, manufacturing, and sustainment capabilities to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers and spur economic growth.
    • Increased Defense Spending: In response to direct and perceived regional security threats, governments are allocating historic levels of investment to their defense budgets. This surge is translating into unprecedented multi-billion-dollar, multi-year procurement programs for advanced fighter aircraft, naval vessels, armored vehicles, artillery, and missile systems.
    • Strategic International Cooperation: The complexity and cost of modern defense systems are fostering a greater reliance on multi-national partnerships. These collaborations, often in the form of joint ventures and technology-sharing agreements, aim to enhance collective security, ensure interoperability among allies, and distribute the financial burden of research and development.

    These trends are underpinned by substantial, long-term budgetary commitments that signal a clear and sustained direction for the global defense market.

    Analysis of National Defense Budgets and Long-Term Allocations

    Analyzing national defense budgets provides a clear and strategic indicator of future procurement priorities and market opportunities. These long-term financial commitments reveal the investment plans and the specific capability areas that nations deem critical for their security in the coming decade.

    • Europe
      • Poland: Warsaw is undertaking one of the most ambitious military modernizations in Europe, with projected defense spending set to reach $301.6 billion between 2026 and 2030. This massive allocation is driven by regional security threats and is funding the acquisition of premier capabilities, including advanced missile defense systems, F-35A fighter aircraft, HIMARS and Chunmoo rocket launchers, K2 Black Panther tanks, and Apache attack helicopters.
      • Germany: Berlin’s strategic planning, outlined in the classified ‘Operationsplan Deutschland,’ is heavily influenced by its perception of itself as NATO’s central logistics hub in Europe. The plan is to drive investments to harden the nation against hybrid attacks on energy systems and defense infrastructure anticipated in the opening stages of a conflict.
      • European Commission: Through the European Defence Fund, the EC has allocated €150 million to foster sovereign European capabilities. This funding is specifically earmarked to support the development of a next-generation main battle tank and a new multiple-launch rocket system, signaling a push to reduce reliance on non-European defense solutions.
    • Asia-Pacific
      • India: New Delhi has made indigenization and modernization the cornerstones of its defense policy. In 2025 alone, the Defence Acquisition Council approved military procurement proposals valued at over $46 billion (₹3.84 trillion). In the current fiscal year, capital contracts worth ₹1.82 trillion have already been signed, demonstrating a rapid conversion of budgetary approvals into industrial activity.
      • Japan: Facing regional tensions, Tokyo approved a record-setting defense budget for fiscal year 2026, totaling 9 trillion yen (approx. $58 billion), a 9.4% increase. Key allocations include over $6.2 billion to enhance ‘standoff’ missile capabilities and $640 million for the development and acquisition of unmanned systems under the new SHIELD program.
      • Taiwan: Taipei has established a special eight-year defense budget of NT1.25 trillion (US $39.8 billion) to accelerate its asymmetric defense strategy. A primary focus is the domestic production of unmanned attack surface vessels. A significant portion is also dedicated to the ‘Taiwan Dome’ project, an initiative to create a layered air defense network using the U.S. Army’s Integrated Battle Command System (IBCS) for enhanced command and control.
    • United States
      • FAA Modernization: While not a direct defense expenditure, the modernization of national airspace infrastructure has significant security implications. The ‘One Big Beautiful Bill Act’ allocates $3 billion for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to replace up to 612 aging air traffic control radar systems by June 2028, a critical upgrade for both civil and military air operations.

    This substantial capital injection is not being spent uniformly; it is being strategically channeled into specific technological domains, reflecting a global consensus on the future of warfare shaped by recent conflicts.

    Dominant Technological Priorities Shaping Modern Warfare

    Technological advancement is the primary engine of change in the contemporary defense sector. Nations are strategically investing in disruptive capabilities to gain a decisive battlefield advantage, with procurement decisions heavily influenced by the performance of systems in modern conflicts, from the proliferation of autonomous systems to the operational deployment of directed-energy weapons.

    The first demonstration of ‘loyal wingmen’ Kizilelma UCAVs.

    The Proliferation of Unmanned and Autonomous Systems

    The market is characterized by an intense and widespread focus on unmanned and autonomous systems across the air, land, and sea domains. The trend is moving beyond simple remotely piloted vehicles toward platforms integrated with artificial intelligence, capable of autonomous operations in groups, swarms, and manned-unmanned teaming.

    • Aerial Systems: The air domain is seeing the most dramatic advances. Recent milestones include Turkey’s Bayraktar KIZILELMA unmanned fighter achieving the world’s first autonomous close-formation flight, China conducting the maiden flight of its CH-7 stealth reconnaissance drone, India launching a major initiative to develop an indigenous High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) RPAS, and the U.S. Marine Corps selecting a team of Northrop Grumman and Kratos Defense to provide a ‘loyal wingman’ based on the QX-58 Valkyrie platform and issuing a request for information (RFI) for low-cost, mass-producible FPV drones.
    • Naval Systems: Navies are increasingly adopting uncrewed platforms for dangerous and protracted missions. The UK Royal Navy awarded Thales a significant contract to deliver portable autonomous command centers for mine-hunting operations. Central to this capability will be the Thales M-Cube mission management system and AI-powered Mi-Map software, which will coordinate uncrewed assets and accelerate the transition away from manned vessels.
    • Ground Systems: Armies are developing unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) to support a range of frontline missions. A notable development is the Indian Army’s ‘Sapper Scout’, an indigenously designed multi-utility UGV for reconnaissance, mine detection, and logistics.
    Israel’s first Iron Beam laser weapon delivered. (Photo via Rafael)

    The Emergence of Directed Energy and Advanced Air Defense

    Lessons from recent conflicts have highlighted the vulnerability of forces to aerial threats like rockets, drones, and cruise missiles, while also exposing the prohibitive cost of traditional interceptors. This has spurred a strategic shift toward more advanced and cost-effective air defense solutions, particularly directed energy weapons and sophisticated missile systems.

    • Laser Systems: Directed energy is transitioning from a developmental concept to an operational reality. Israel has formally deployed the world’s first operational ‘Iron Beam’, a 100-kilowatt laser system designed to intercept rockets, mortars, and UAVs at a fraction of the cost of missile interceptors. Similarly, the U.S. Army is acquiring the mobile LOCUST laser weapon system, integrating it onto tactical vehicles to provide maneuverable defense against drones.
    • Hypersonic and Ballistic Missiles: The development of high-speed, maneuverable missiles remains a top priority for major powers. China has reportedly fielded the DF-27, an intercontinental-range hypersonic glide vehicle. In a demonstration of its growing indigenous missile capability, India successfully conducted a salvo test of its Pralay quasi-ballistic missile, paving the way for its induction.

    The Strategic Importance of Space-Based Assets

    Space has become an indispensable domain for modern military operations, crucial for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), navigation, and missile defense. Consequently, investment in resilient and capable space-based assets is growing rapidly.

    A landmark development in this area is Rocket Lab’s prime contract award from the U.S. Space Development Agency (SDA), valued at $816 million. Under this agreement, the company will build and operate 18 satellites for the Tracking Layer of a new missile defense constellation, marking its emergence as a key defense prime contractor. This strategic investment is paralleled by geopolitical maneuvers, as evidenced by the deepening space collaboration between Russia and Iran, which saw a recent Russian rocket launch of Iranian surveillance satellites into orbit.

    These emerging technologies are being rapidly fielded through a series of high-value contracts awarded to leading defense and technology firms.

    Analysis of Major Global Procurement Contracts

    This section provides a granular analysis of the most significant contract awards, offering a clear view into specific national investment priorities and corporate successes. A closer look at these deals reveals a sophisticated market defined by both high-value direct exports and increasingly complex agreements involving local production and industrial partnerships, a pattern that underscores the growing ‘glocalization’ of the defense sector.

    Air Domain

    Awarding Nation/Entity Recipient Company Platform/System Contract Value Strategic Significance
    Israel Boeing 25x F-15IA Fighter Aircraft $8.6 Billion Modernizes Israel’s fighter fleet with an advanced, Israel-specific variant of the F-15EX.
    France Saab 2x GlobalEye AEW&C Aircraft €1.14 Billion Replaces France’s aging E-3F AWACS fleet with a next-generation airborne early warning platform.
    Spain Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) 30x HÜRJET Advanced Trainers €2.6 Billion First export sale for the Turkish HÜRJET. Airbus Defence & Space is acting as the prime integrator, managing the deal and adapting the aircraft to meet Spanish requirements.
    Poland Hanwha Aerospace Chunmoo Multiple Rocket Launchers $4 Billion Significantly enhances Poland’s long-range precision fires and solidifies a deep industrial partnership through a joint venture with WB Electronics for local production.
    US Air Force Boeing B-52 Re-engining Program (Initial Testing) $2 Billion Funds initial integration and flight-testing of new Rolls-Royce engines for two aircraft, a critical step in a program to keep the fleet operational into the 2050s.

    Land Domain

    Awarding Nation/Entity Recipient Company Platform/System Contract Value Strategic Significance
    Germany KNDS / Rheinmetall JV 84x RCH 155 Wheeled Howitzers €1.2 Billion Bolsters the German Army’s mobile artillery firepower with a highly automated, modern system.
    Germany Projekt System & Management 200x Additional Puma IFVs €4.2 Billion Expands the fleet of one of the world’s most advanced infantry fighting vehicles, enhancing mechanized forces.
    Spain Indra / EM&E JV 86x Wheeled Howitzers €2.686 Billion Part of a major modernization of Spain’s field artillery, focused on enhancing mobility and responsiveness.
    Spain UTE ATP Cadenas 128x Tracked Howitzers €4.554 Billion A massive investment to overhaul Spain’s self-propelled artillery capabilities for both the Army and Marine Corps.

    Maritime and C4ISR/EW Domains

    Awarding Nation/Entity Recipient Company Platform/System Contract Value Strategic Significance
    Spain Raytheon Patriot Air Defense Systems $1.7 Billion Provides Spain with a proven, advanced capability to defend against ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and aircraft.
    US FAA RTX / Indra Nationwide Radar Replacement $438 Million+ Modernizes the U.S. National Airspace System’s surveillance backbone, replacing decades-old systems.
    India WASS (Fincantieri) Heavyweight Torpedoes Part of $519M deal Arms India’s Kalvari (Scorpène)-class submarines with 48 advanced heavyweight torpedoes under a contract worth approx. INR 18.96 billion.
    Spain Indra Anti-Aircraft Artillery Centers Modernization €2.04 Billion Upgrades Spain’s air battle command and control capabilities to counter new and emerging aerial threats.

    These large-scale procurements are increasingly facilitated by sophisticated international partnerships designed to share technology and strengthen alliances.

    The Growth of Strategic International Partnerships and Cooperation

    The increasing complexity and cost of defense technology, coupled with the desire for greater allied interoperability, are driving a marked increase in international collaborations. Nations and corporations are forming strategic partnerships to share development costs, gain access to new technologies, secure supply chains, and reinforce geopolitical alliances. These agreements range from joint production ventures to deep technology transfer initiatives.

    • European Integration: European nations are actively pursuing joint programs to bolster collective defense and industrial capacity. Key examples include the UK-Germany agreement to enhance NATO’s eastern flank with the RCH 155 mobile artillery system; the strategic partnership between Italy’s Leonardo and Germany’s KNDS to jointly develop a new mobile artillery platform; and the Rheinmetall-MBDA joint venture to develop and produce high-performance naval laser weapon systems for the German Navy.
    • Indo-Pacific Technology Transfer: As part of its “Make in India” initiative, New Delhi is leveraging partnerships to build its domestic industrial base. Rolls-Royce has put forth a landmark proposal to co-develop a next-generation aero engine in India, offering full technology transfer and joint intellectual property ownership. In the land domain, India’s Belrise Industries has partnered with Israel’s Plasan to co-produce components for autonomous electric UGV systems, transferring critical vehicle technology.
    • Trans-Regional Alliances: Defense partnerships are spanning broader geographic regions to counter shared threats. Greece, Israel, and Cyprus have signed a joint military action plan to intensify air and naval exercises and cooperate on weapons acquisitions. In a prime example of industry collaboration, South Korea’s Hanwha has formed a joint venture with Poland’s WB Electronics to facilitate the local production of Chunmoo guided rockets, solidifying a deep industrial and military relationship.

    These partnerships reflect a sophisticated market where success depends not only on superior technology but also on the ability to forge effective corporate and national alliances.

    Conclusion: Strategic Implications for the Defense Sector

    The global defense market is undergoing a fundamental realignment. Geopolitical instability has unlocked historic levels of funding, accelerating modernization programs that prioritize technological superiority across every operational domain. This transformation is characterized by a dual emphasis on developing sovereign, indigenous industrial capabilities while simultaneously deepening international partnerships to ensure interoperability and share the burdens of development. The confluence of these trends presents a complex but opportunity-rich environment for industry stakeholders.

    Based on this analysis, three critical strategic implications emerge for the defense sector:

    • The Unmanned Systems Imperative: Capabilities in unmanned systems, autonomy, and counter-UAS technology have transitioned from a niche specialty to a core requirement for nearly every major military. From low-cost FPV drones to autonomous combat aircraft and unmanned naval vessels, this domain represents the most dynamic and pervasive area of growth. A robust and diverse portfolio in unmanned technology is no longer optional for firms seeking to remain competitive.
    • The Validation of Electronic Warfare: The reported U.S. special operation in Venezuela, where advanced Russian and Chinese air defense systems were allegedly neutralized by American electronic warfare, stands as a watershed moment. This event will severely damage the credibility and marketability of those non-Western systems and will likely trigger a global reassessment of air defense vulnerabilities. This creates a significant market opportunity for Western firms with proven, combat-tested electronic warfare, C4ISR, and integrated air and missile defense solutions.
    • The “Glocalization” of Defense: The market is increasingly defined by the tension between globalization (alliances, exports) and localization (indigenous production mandates). The most successful defense firms will be those that can navigate this dynamic. Future success will depend not just on selling platforms, but on offering comprehensive partnership packages that include technology transfer, local production agreements, and joint ventures. The models established by Hanwha in Poland and Rolls-Royce’s proposed strategy in India exemplify this “glocal” approach, which is rapidly becoming the new standard for major international defense contracts.

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    Beyond Drones: Key Facts Defining Turkey’s Rise as a Global Arms Giant

    By
    Dan Zeevi
    -

    When most people think of Turkey’s modern military capabilities, they think of drones. The Bayraktar TB2 gained global recognition for its effectiveness in conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Syria, Libya, and Ukraine. Its success made the Turkish defense industry a household name among military observers worldwide.

    But this focus on drones, while understandable, obscures a far more profound industrial transformation, driven by a national strategy to build a top-tier, globally competitive defense ecosystem. The Turkish government has set an ambitious goal for its industry: to have a company rank among the world’s top 30 defense contractors by the end of this decade. With five firms – ASELSAN, TAI, ROKETSAN, MKE, and ASFAT – already in the Defense News 2024 “Top 100,” that goal is looking increasingly plausible.

    This report reveals five key facts about the rapid rise and strategic depth of Turkey’s defense industry. Based on recent analysis, these takeaways explain how Turkey is methodically reshaping its role on the world stage, not just as a regional power, but as a top-tier global arms supplier.

    1. Their Biggest Customers Aren’t Who You Think

    Now ranking 11th in the world in defense exports, Turkey’s global market presence is undeniable. One might assume its primary customers would be developing nations in the Middle East, Africa, or Central Asia, where its geopolitical influence has grown. The data, however, reveals a different reality: the core of Turkey’s defense export business is firmly anchored in the West.

    According to recent business data, a full 75% of Turkey’s defense exports go to the United States, NATO members, and European Union states. To reinforce this point, the five leading individual customers of Turkish defense products are all European countries. This fact tells a story of strategic market penetration on a global scale, suggesting that Turkish military hardware meets the high standards of quality and interoperability required for integration into the arsenals of established Western military alliances.

    2. “Combat Proven” Isn’t Just a Slogan—It’s a Core Strategy

    In the competitive global arms market, no marketing term is more valuable than “combat-proven.” For Turkey, this is not just a label but the central pillar of its sales strategy. Turkish-made weapon systems have cultivated a positive operational image due to their extensive use in recent conflicts.

    These systems, especially UAVs, air-to-ground munitions, and wheeled armored vehicles, have been validated in some of the world’s most demanding theaters, including:

    • Turkish military operations in Syria and Iraq
    • Ukraine’s war against Russia
    • The Nagorno-Karabakh war
    • Various theaters across Africa (Sudan, Libya)

    This real-world validation provides a level of assurance that sterile test environments simply cannot match. It gives Turkish products a significant competitive edge, making them highly attractive to nations looking for reliable and effective military technology.

    3. They Use Arms Sales as a Powerful Diplomatic Tool

    Turkey has integrated its defense industry into its national foreign policy, using arms sales as a key instrument of diplomacy and influence. Diplomatic activity and foreign relations are explicitly used as “tools” for business promotion, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of political and industrial gain.

    This strategy is put into practice in several ways:

    • Donating Equipment: Turkey donates armaments to countries with business potential, for example, transferring COBRA 4×4 armored vehicles to Zambia.
    • Establishing Military Bases: Ankara establishes military bases in target countries, creating a persistent presence and opportunities for equipment displays (Qatar, Somalia).
    • Training Local Forces: Turkish advisors often train local military forces, typically using Turkish-made equipment, thereby familiarizing a new generation of soldiers and officers with their products.

    This multi-pronged approach builds deep, long-term strategic partnerships that go far beyond simple transactional sales. The concrete outcomes are major international co-production agreements, such as joint ammunition production with Poland, vehicle production with Malaysia, and a memorandum on ammunition with Pakistan, cementing Turkish influence for years to come.

    4. The Drive for Strategic Self-Reliance

    At the heart of Turkey’s defense ambitions is a powerful national drive for strategic self-reliance. The primary government objective is to achieve a “substantial increase in the defense industries’ technological independence and a reduction/elimination of dependence on foreign suppliers.” Today, the Turkish defense industry supplies about 80% of the needs of its national security forces, a significant metric of industrial capacity.

    This quest has been accelerated by international arms embargoes and political friction that began after the 1974 invasion of Cyprus and later, the acquisition of S-400 air-defense systems from Russia. In response, Turkey has doubled down on developing its own high-end systems. Turkey still relies on foreign nations for technological support, for example, South Korean know-how for the Altay main battle tank and Spanish expertise for its helicopter carrier. Rather, it is about eliminating critical foreign dependencies. The list of projects is impressive:

    • 5th-generation (and future 6th-gen) stealth fighters, Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA), and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
    • Advanced aircraft engines
    • Modern naval combat ships, including submarines, with a potential nuclear-powered variant under consideration
    • Ballistic missiles, including hypersonic versions
    • A complete, multi-layered national air-defense system known as the “Steel Dome.”
    • A full range of Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFV) from Main Battle Tanks to ground robotics and engines

    Pursuing such a broad and technologically demanding industrial goal demonstrates an immense level of strategic investment and determination, ensuring Turkey can chart its own course.

    5. Modern Conflicts Are Their Real-Time R&D Lab

    While many nations test equipment in controlled settings, Turkey is using active war zones as a real-time research and development laboratory. The relationship with Ukraine and Azerbaijan provides a prime example. Turkish industry representatives conduct “continuous, in-depth lessons-learned processes” directly with Ukrainian forces on the front lines.

    Turkey transfers weapon systems in their final development stages to Ukraine, sometimes free of charge, specifically for “operational evaluation.” This feedback loop enables engineers to rapidly identify flaws, improve their systems, and refine them based on actual combat performance. For example, a key lesson learned in combat in Ukraine was the need to improve UAV survivability, leading to new developments in electronic warfare pods and countermeasures. The scope of this real-time R&D is broad, spurring innovation across systems, from mine clearance to autonomous robotic combat systems.

    Conclusion

    These five takeaways paint a clear picture of a nation methodically executing a long-term strategic vision. From a Western-oriented customer base and a “combat-proven” brand to the fusion of defense sales with diplomacy, a determined drive for strategic self-reliance, and a unique real-world R&D cycle, Turkey has built a formidable defense ecosystem. The drones that captured the world’s attention were just the beginning.

    As Turkey executes its ambition to join the top tier of global defense producers, its rise represents a significant shift in the global defense market. It is no longer an emerging player; it is a new power on the world stage.

    Skunk Works and XTEND Simplify Multi-Drone Command

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    Multi-class XTEND drones simultaneously controlled by Lockheed Martin Skunk Works® MDCX™. Photo: Extnd

    In the rapidly evolving landscape of modern warfare, the “human-in-the-loop” often faces a paradox: as technology becomes more capable, the cognitive load on the operator increases.

    Today, Lockheed Martin Skunk Works and XTEND announced a major breakthrough to address this challenge, streamlining Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) through a powerful new integration.

    By combining Skunk Works’ MDCX™ autonomy platform with XTEND’s XOS operating system, the two companies have demonstrated that a single operator can now control multiple classes of drones simultaneously—dramatically reducing manpower requirements and accelerating the “data-to-decision” timeline.

    Single Operator Managing a “Marsupial Drone” Mission

    The partnership recently culminated in a successful demonstration of a Multi-Class MDCX (MC-MDCX) workstation. During the test, the team executed a “marsupial” mission:

    1. A large UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) acted as the carrier.
    2. It delivered a smaller Class 1 drone directly into a mission zone.
    3. In traditional scenarios, this would require a “hand-off” between two separate operators—one for the carrier and one for the smaller, more agile drone.

    With the integrated MC-MDCX and XOS system, a single operator managed the entire sequence. From high-level transit to close-in, first-person view (FPV) maneuvers, the integration removes the friction of mission hand-offs and keeps situational awareness unified.

    This collaboration isn’t just about flying two drones at once; it’s about making complex autonomy accessible. Here are the key takeaways from the integration:

    • Reducing the Cognitive Load: XTEND’s XOS uses AI to fuse human intelligence with machine autonomy. This allows even novice operators to perform expert-level maneuvers, such as “mark-and-fly” commands or operating in immersive environments, with minimal training.
    • Operating in Contested Environments: Modern battlefields are defined by electronic warfare. XTEND’s solutions are designed to maintain operational effectiveness even when GPS signals are denied or radio frequencies are jammed.
    • Optimizing Manpower: By eliminating the need for tiered operators for different vehicle classes, military units can do more with less, allowing for a smaller, more agile footprint on the ground.
    • True JADC2 Integration: This integration fits perfectly into the Skunk Works vision of “Manned-Unmanned Teaming” (MUM-T). It ensures that data flows seamlessly across domains, keeping pilots and ground forces “ahead of ready.”

    From Ukraine to Taiwan: The Global Race to Dominate the New Defense Tech Frontier

    By
    News Desk
    -

    The global defense technology landscape has entered a period of accelerated transformation, shaped by intensifying geopolitical threats, battlefield-driven innovation, and increasing fiscal complexity. The ongoing war in Ukraine remains a crucible for next-generation conflict, where attritable unmanned systems, electronic warfare, and counter-drone capabilities are no longer experimental but essential. This real-world testing ground is rapidly influencing global procurement priorities, with nations across Europe and the Indo-Pacific launching large-scale modernization programs and sovereign capability roadmaps.

    Amid this volatile environment, the defense sector is bifurcating into two dominant arenas: one centered on software-defined, high-volume technologies like counter-UAS and AI-enabled command systems; the other on capital-intensive programs such as hypersonic weapons and long-range precision strike capabilities. Together, these areas now define the strategic high ground in the global defense competition.

    At the core of this transformation is the ascendance of agile, venture-backed companies—often referred to as “neoprimes”—which are beginning to eclipse traditional primes in critical technological areas. Firms like Anduril and Palantir are redefining the competitive landscape by rapidly fielding software-centric, scalable capabilities that address urgent operational gaps. Anduril’s displacement of Northrop Grumman as the U.S. Army’s next-generation C-UAS fire control provider stands as a landmark moment, signaling that market incumbency is no longer a reliable predictor of future dominance.

    Simultaneously, the industry is undergoing significant structural change through mergers and acquisitions. Boeing’s vertical integration via the Spirit AeroSystems acquisition, AeroVironment’s merger with BlueHalo, and Molex’s purchase of Smiths Interconnect all reflect a common strategic imperative: control the supply chain, secure proprietary technology, and build integrated capability stacks that span platforms, payloads, and software.

    In parallel, the U.S. hypersonic weapons enterprise is gaining operational traction. The Army’s “Dark Eagle” system is expected to field its first fully loaded battery by the end of 2025, a notable milestone in the race to counter Chinese and Russian hypersonic capabilities. This accelerated development cycle marks a broader shift in Pentagon acquisition, which increasingly values speed and adaptability over legacy processes.

    Internationally, U.S. allies are acting with urgency to establish sovereign defense capabilities. Taiwan is building a fully integrated air defense architecture with the “T-Dome” initiative, Japan is extending the range and lethality of its missile systems, and the EU is pursuing a continent-wide “drone wall” to counter Russian incursions. These moves underscore a shared recognition that tomorrow’s threats demand both indigenous innovation and tighter industrial partnerships with firms capable of rapid adaptation.

    Despite budgetary turbulence within the U.S. domestic landscape—including the looming risk of government shutdowns—the underlying demand for advanced defense technologies remains robust. Long-term procurement programs, such as the $151 billion SHIELD missile defense initiative, continue to move forward, ensuring that the sector remains a growth market for both incumbents and insurgents.

    The strategic picture that emerges is one of a fundamentally reshaped defense industrial base—one that favors innovation, speed, and vertical integration. Competitive advantage is shifting decisively toward those who can master software-defined warfare, deliver scalable solutions, and navigate the evolving alliance landscape. In this new era, agility is not merely a differentiator; it is a prerequisite for survival and success.

    Listen to the report’s summary podcast:

    Listen to or download the “Drone Wall” report to explore the intelligence, analysis, and market insights shaping Europe’s new air defense architecture.

     

    Europe’s “Drone Wall”

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -

    In early October 2025, a coordinated wave of unmanned aerial system (UAS) incursions—widely attributed to Russia—targeted critical infrastructure across at least ten European nations. The unprecedented campaign exposed the fragility of Europe’s air defenses and triggered a continent-wide response now known as the “Drone Wall” initiative.

    The new report, Drone Wall: Europe’s Response to the October 2025 Drone Incursions, offers a detailed account of these events and their far-reaching implications for defense strategy, procurement, and industry dynamics. The report traces the evolution from initial attacks to the rapid formation of a unified European effort to counter the growing drone threat.

    A Strategic Wake-Up Call

    The October attacks underscored a new reality of hybrid warfare: adversaries can achieve strategic effects using low-cost drones that overwhelm traditional defenses. Expensive missile systems and fighter aircraft were forced into reactive roles—unsustainable against swarms of expendable aerial threats.

    The Drone Wall initiative emerged as a direct response. Backed by the European Commission, NATO, and several EU member states, the program aims to establish a multi-layered, networked defense grid across the continent, integrating detection, electronic warfare, and kinetic interception capabilities.

    Inside the Report

    The Drone Wall study examines:

    • The chronology and scope of the European drone incursion campaign.
    • The tactics, systems, and motivations behind the attacks.
    • The operational and psychological impact on European states.
    • Identified defense gaps and the architecture of the “Drone Wall” response.
    • The complex procurement framework involves the EU, member states, and NATO.
    • Market opportunities for counter-UAS (C-UAS) systems, radars, and C2 integration.

    Industry Implications

    The creation of the Drone Wall represents the most significant market opportunity for C-UAS technology in a generation. Demand is rising for integrated, affordable, and scalable systems capable of delivering the full kill chain—from detection to interception—within networked command-and-control frameworks.

    Firms that can offer cost-effective, multi-layered, and interoperable solutions, or partner with local European manufacturers, stand to benefit most. The report highlights the importance of collaboration with Ukrainian companies, whose frontline experience provides valuable insight into countering evolving drone tactics.

    Why It Matters

    The European “Drone Wall” will reshape defense cooperation, funding, and industrial alignment across the continent. For policymakers, defense contractors, and investors, understanding its structure and decision-making process is essential to identifying where real opportunities lie.

    Listen to or download the “Drone Wall” report to explore the intelligence, analysis, and market insights shaping Europe’s new air defense architecture.

     

    Weekly Defense Update & Global Security Assessment

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    J-35 5Gen fighter takes off from the flight deck of China's new aircraft carrier Fujian.

    Executive Summary

    The past week (September 18-25, 2025) represents an inflection point where strategic defense concepts have transitioned from doctrine to tangible reality. An analysis of global events reveals four primary, interconnected trends shaping an increasingly contested international order.

    #1 – European defense postures are materially hardening, with a strategic shift from deterrence by reinforcement to deterrence by denial, led by Germany’s military expansion and a firmer NATO stance on airspace violations.

    #2 – the character of future warfare is rapidly maturing, driven by the industrial-scale development of collaborative combat aircraft (CCAs), the democratization of long-range precision strike capabilities, and a doctrinal revolution in armored warfare inspired by the conflict in Ukraine.

    #3 – The Middle East is undergoing a profound realignment of security partnerships, catalyzed by Israeli technological breakthroughs in laser defense and a crisis of confidence in the U.S. security umbrella, culminating in a historic mutual defense pact between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.

    #4 – The Indo-Pacific theater is characterized by a sharpening of strategic competition, with the U.S. and its allies operationalizing new trilateral security structures while China intensifies its multifaceted campaign of coercion against Taiwan. Underpinning these shifts is a renewed global focus on the industrial and organizational foundations of military power, signaling that nations are now making the hard investments and difficult choices required to posture for a more dangerous and uncertain future.

    You are invited to listen to the overview of this week’s report in the podcast.
    Subscribers can download the PDF version here.

    .

    U.S. Air and Space Forces Push Next-Gen Programs at the AS&C 2025 Conference and AFA Exhibition

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -

    National Harbor, Md. — At the Air, Space & Cyber (AS&C) Conference, U.S. Air Force and Space Force leaders unveiled updates on modernization efforts, from sixth-generation fighters to space surveillance satellites. This review is based on Pleronix’s OSINT news alerts and reports, which are available to subscribers.

    The Air Force confirmed that Boeing has begun building the F-47 Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter, which is slated for its first flight in 2028. Designed to replace the F-22, the aircraft promises extended range, Mach 2-plus speeds, and advanced stealth, with a goal of acquiring at least 185 jets.

    Northrop Grumman’s B-21 Raider bomber expanded testing as a second prototype flew in September. Congress has added $4.5 billion in funding, although commanders have warned that the Air Force may need 145 aircraft to sustain operations in the Pacific.

    The Sentinel ICBM program, plagued by an 81% cost overrun, was restructured and capped at $141 billion, with fielding delayed until at least 2027. Meanwhile, the Next Generation Air-Refueling System remains undefined, with options ranging from conventional designs to stealth tankers.

    Unmanned systems are gaining traction. General Atomics flew its YFQ-42A Loyal Wingman in August, while Anduril’s Fury drone is scheduled to fly semi-autonomously by October. AI copilots from GE and Merlin Labs may soon ease workloads in tankers and transports.

    Air Force Secretary Troy E. Meink warned of severe readiness shortfalls and stressed that China’s rapid military innovation is the service’s pacing challenge.

    Other highlights included progress on directed energy weapons, the debut of Radia’s WindRunner strategic airlifter, and Space Force’s new Future Operating Environment plan for the next 15 years.

    Subscribe to read the full report.

    TADTE 2025: Reflecting Taiwan’s Strategic Themes

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    The D3 prototype on display at TADTE 2025 mounted a 105mm Mobile Gun that features a low-recoil 105mm cannon, paired with an advanced recoil mechanism, which significantly reduces recoil forces by over 70% (from 60 tons to less than 20). Max speed 100 km/h. The weapon’s combat range is 1500 – 2500 m, range: 500 km, 12,7mm HMG, 7.62mm coax.

    The Taipei Aerospace & Defense Technology Exhibition (TADTE) 2025 crystallized around four dominant strategic themes that collectively illustrate Taiwan’s comprehensive approach to defense modernization amid escalating regional tensions. This report is published in association with Pleronix, providing personalized business intelligence services for defense professionals and enterprises worldwide.

    The mid-tier interceptor of the Tien Kung III surface-to-air missile system is on display at TADTE 2025.

    Indigenous Defense and Self-Reliance

    The most prominent theme was Taiwan’s accelerated pursuit of defense self-sufficiency, showcased through historic indigenous achievements. CSBC Corporation’s unveiling of the Hai Kun submarine represented a landmark milestone as Taiwan’s first domestically designed and built defense submarine. The National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST) demonstrated this self-reliance momentum with the confirmation of mass production for the enhanced Tien Kung III surface-to-air missile system, alongside breakthrough platforms including the D3 105mm mobile gun system and Taiwan’s first electric autonomous reconnaissance-strike tactical vehicle.

    This indigenous focus extends across all defense domains, with major shipbuilders like CSBC, Lungteh Shipbuilding, Jong Shyn, and Corum making their exhibition debuts, displaying comprehensive unmanned naval platforms. The theme reflects a strategic imperative to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers while building sovereign defense capabilities.

    This land-mobile AESA radar system is the primary sensor for the Taiwanese Tien Kung III surface-to-air missile system.

    Unmanned Systems and Asymmetric Warfare

    Unmanned platforms emerged as the centerpiece of the exhibition, representing Taiwan’s strategic pivot toward asymmetric warfare capabilities. This theme permeated all domains—air, sea, and land—with innovations ranging from loitering munitions to extra-large uncrewed underwater vehicles. The government’s commitment to this theme includes procuring up to 100,000 unmanned aircraft systems and investing NT$68 billion in coast guard unmanned vehicles.

    Key demonstrations included GeoFly Technology’s TU-30VG VTOL UAV, CSBC’s Manta trimaran uncrewed surface vessel, and LungTeh Shipbuilding’s “Black Whale” program. This theme positions unmanned systems as both a technological force multiplier and a strategic entry point for domestic companies into the defense supply chain.

    Taiwan’s ‘Black Whale’ XLUUV unmanned submarine unveiled by LungTeh Shipbuilding at TADTE 2025

    Civil-Military Technology Integration

    A transformative theme emerged through Taiwan’s world-class electronics and ICT sectors, rapidly pivoting into defense applications. Companies like Qisda Group, Adlink Technology, Altek, and Ta Ya Electric demonstrated how civilian technological prowess translates into military-grade capabilities. This integration leverages Taiwan’s semiconductor expertise, precision manufacturing, and AI systems for communications, satellite systems, and intelligent control modules.

    The theme represents a strategic advantage, enabling rapid development of sophisticated defense systems while utilizing Taiwan’s established industrial strengths. First-time exhibitors from the electronics sector showcased infrared imaging, AI-enabled target tracking, and superconductive materials for drone motors.

    Anduril’s Barracuda 500 cruise missile on display at TADTE 2025.
    The American defense company Kratos Defense and Taiwan’s NCSIST unveiled a new cruise missile designed primarily for maritime operations.

    International Collaboration and Strategic Partnerships

    The final dominant theme centered on deepening international partnerships, particularly with the United States and emerging relationships with India. U.S. collaboration emphasized co-development and co-production agreements, including Anduril Industries’ Barracuda-500 underwater missile partnership with NCSIST and AeroVironment’s collaboration on autonomous systems.

    The breakthrough India-Taiwan space corridor represented a new strategic dimension, with five Indian space startups participating for the first time. Companies like Kepler Aerospace and Insight360.ai offer complementary satellite and AI intelligence capabilities that align with Taiwan’s hardware expertise, creating mutually beneficial security partnerships.

    These four themes—indigenous development, unmanned asymmetric capabilities, civil-military integration, and international partnerships – collectively define Taiwan’s comprehensive defense modernization strategy. They reflect lessons learned from recent conflicts, particularly Ukraine, while addressing the specific challenges of Taiwan’s geopolitical environment through technological innovation and strategic alliances.

    NCSIST electric-powered autonomous recconaissance-strike tactical wheeled vehicle
    The NCSIST electric-powered autonomous reconnaissance-strike tactical wheeled vehicle on display at TADTE 2025 was equipped with a remotely controlled weapon station mounting a 12.7mm machine gun and a drone launcher capable of launching six Iron Horse drones.

    NCSIST displayed at TADTE 2025 an electric-powered autonomous recconaissance-strike tactical wheeled vehicle featuring an electric drive system with high energy efficiency and strong environmental adaptability. The autonomous driving system is equipped with functions such as autonomous driving, convoy following, and obstacle avoidance. In terms of reconnaissance mission execution and weapon payload capability, it features a wireless datalink for image transmission and remote control. The electric motor delivers 360 hp with immediate torque response dynamically distributed between the front and rear wheels. It is also compatible with hybrid propulsion systems.

    Iron Beam 450 Completes Testing, Soon to Join With Operational Air Defense Units

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    The Iron Beam 450 beam director is designed to deliver over 100 kW of laser energy over 10 km, focusing its energy on a coin-sized target. Image: IMOD

    Israel has reached a significant milestone in its efforts to modernize its air defense. After years of development and a series of successful tests, the Iron Beam 450 high-power laser system has completed its final trials, signaling the start of a new era in cost-effective, precision air defense.

    Jointly developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, the Israeli Air Force, and the Israel Ministry of Defense’s (IMOD) Directorate of Defense Research & Development (DDR&D), the Iron Beam project has now transitioned from R&D to production. Backed by over $500 million in government funding, Rafael is preparing to deliver the first operational Iron Beam systems to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) before the end of 2025.

    The Iron Beam is configured as a self-supported, relocatable system, housed in an ISO container-sized module with an adjacent electrical generator. Photo: IMOD

    Precision Interception with Game-Changing Cost Efficiency

    The Iron Beam 450 is a ground-based, high-energy laser system designed to intercept a wide spectrum of aerial threats, including rockets, mortars, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). In recent operational readiness tests at Rafael’s Shdema test range, the system demonstrated its full combat configuration, engaging targets with high precision in a variety of scenarios—including One-Way Attack (OWA) drone threats that have become increasingly common in modern combat zones.

    Notably, the tests featured a dual-effector setup mounted on an ISO container platform. Only a single aim point was visible during engagements, indicating a high level of accuracy and beam stability even in multi-effector configurations, which is an important attribute for complex salvo scenarios.

    Integrating Lasers into Israel’s Multi-Layered Defense Architecture

    Designed to operate autonomously or in conjunction with the Iron Dome’s command and control systems, Iron Beam introduces a strategic shift by enabling low-cost intercepts without depleting expensive missile stockpiles. According to Brig. Gen. (Res.) Dr. Daniel Gold, head of DDR&D, “Combining laser and missile interceptors will significantly strengthen our defense envelope against rockets, missiles, UAVs, and emerging threats.”

    The Iron Beam system is expected to reduce Israel’s cost per intercept for short-range threats significantly. While Iron Dome interceptors cost tens of thousands of dollars per shot, a single Iron Beam engagement may cost only a few dollars in electricity. This economic edge is especially vital during prolonged conflicts or saturation attacks, where traditional interceptor stocks could quickly run low.

    Two Iron Beam 450 beam directors are operating in synch to deliver the Iron Beam’s 100 kW laser effect over a 10 km distance. Photo: IMOD

    From Prototype to Production

    This leap to operational readiness follows the system’s combat debut in 2024, during which earlier prototypes of Rafael’s tactical laser systems successfully neutralized dozens of airborne threats in ongoing conflicts. The Iron Beam 450 now builds on those battlefield lessons with increased power, range, and system integration. In October 2024, IMOD announced investments of $500 million in the production of the Iron Beam system. This amount was part of a $5.2 billion US military aid to bolster Israel’s air defense (the majority of the investment covers the replenishment of Arrow 3, David’s Sling Stunner, and Iron Dome’s Tamir interceptors). The majority of the funding is expected to be allocated to Rafael. At the same time, Elbit Systems announced that it had received approximately $200 million for the serial production of high-power lasers for the program.

    “Rafael’s Iron Beam system will fundamentally change the defense landscape,” stated Rafael CEO Yoav Tourgeman. “It enables precise, rapid, and cost-effective interception unmatched by any existing system.”

    Rafael is also investing in next-generation directed energy weapons, including higher-energy lasers with extended reach and faster engagement timelines. Among these future systems is the ‘Laser Dome’, based on Rafael’s adaptive optics, promising unprecedented strategic capabilities for Israel’s air and missile defense.

    A Broader Vision for Directed Energy

    With Iron Beam as its flagship, Israel is laying the groundwork for a broader deployment of directed energy across multiple operational domains. Tactical systems, such as Lite Beam and Iron Beam M, are already being designed to protect mobile forces and border installations. Long-term concepts also include airborne and mobile laser platforms to overcome visibility constraints, such as weather and smoke.

    Brig. Gen. Yehuda Elmakayes of the DDR&D R&D Unit noted, “We’ve reached a point where high-power lasers are essential to Israel’s air defense array. Iron Beam is just the first step toward integrating directed energy weapons across all IDF defense systems.”

    Implications for Global Defense Trends

    The successful development and testing of Iron Beam reflect a broader global trend toward high-energy laser weapons as a core component of future warfare. With increasing drone saturation, the rise of precision-guided munitions, and the escalating cost of traditional interceptors, laser-based systems offer a strategic, scalable solution.

    As Israel moves toward full deployment in 2025, the world will be watching closely to see how this pioneering system performs in real-world combat and influences defense postures beyond the Middle East.

    WB Group Unveils Future Task Force Concept at MSPO

    By
    Dan Zeevi
    -
    Future Task Force's optionally manned platform - FTF ZMU. Photo: Defense-Update

    At the MSPO defense exhibition, the WB Group introduced a comprehensive warfighting concept centered on the integration of manned, unmanned, and autonomous assets for intelligence gathering, situational awareness, precision targeting, and strike missions—both at close range and deep behind enemy lines.

    The concept leverages WB Group’s existing portfolio, including the Gladius long-range loitering weapon, the Warmate family of short- and medium-range attack drones, and the FlyEye reconnaissance UAV. At its core is the new Future Task Force (FTF), an integrated manned-unmanned formation that combines unmanned ground vehicles, loitering weapons, and mine-scattering capabilities into a cohesive operational framework.

    Addressing Force Restructuring

    The FTF concept aligns with the Polish Army’s plan to reduce the size of armored and mechanized battalions from 58 armored fighting vehicles (AFVs) to 44. By introducing a manned-unmanned combat team in place of one company, the FTF could preserve the battalion’s overall firepower and combat effectiveness. The hybrid structure is designed to autonomously dominate sectors of the front line or flank up to 50 km deep, while significantly reducing manpower, vehicle, and logistical requirements.

    The FTF ZMU and associated minelaying trailer (FTF MM) on display at MSPO. Photo: Defense-Update

    Hybrid-Electric Combat Vehicle

    The FTF relies on a new, optionally manned, hybrid-electric combat vehicle equipped with the ZMU-05 remote weapon station, which mounts advanced optronic sensors, a machine gun, and smoke grenade launchers. Mission modules can be carried on the vehicle itself or towed on a trailer, enabling flexible payload options including UAV launchers, loitering munition packs, or a mine-scattering system.

    Its hybrid-electric drive provides silent operation and energy storage for sustained mobility and troop support. Operational control is maintained at distances of up to 50 km from the command post.

    The Warmate launch module can be mounted on armored vehicles or UGV platforms; it can deploy reconnaissance (TL-R) or loitering weapon attack (TL-C) variants of the Warmate TL. Photo: Defense-Update

    Warmate TL Family

    A central element of the FTF is the Warmate TL (tube-launched) series.

    Warmate TL-C: A loitering weapon fitted with modular warheads weighing up to 2 kg, including blast-fragmentation with an EFP insert, shaped-charge HEAT, and thermobaric options. It can loiter for 45 minutes and strike at speeds of 150–180 km/h.

    Warmate TL-R: A reconnaissance variant using the same airframe, fitted with EO sensors in place of a warhead. It is recoverable via parachute and airbag, allowing payload reuse.

    Launch tubes can be reloaded manually and made ready for use within 45 seconds, enabling rapid multi-drone operations for reconnaissance, attack, or communications relay.

    The tube-launched Warmate TL-R unmanned recce system. Photo: WB Group
    Different warheads designed for the Warmate loitering weapon include blast-fragmentation with an EFP insert, shaped-charge HEAT, and thermobaric options. The armor penetration capability is demonstrated below. Photo: Defense-Update
    The minelaying trailer can autonomously scatter MN-123 under operator supervision two kilometers behind the line. Photo: Defense-Update

    Minelaying and Future Modules

    The trailer-mounted module currently employs MN-123 anti-tank mines, with future growth potential for missile launchers or other mission payloads.

    All components are operated by a small team from a tactical vehicle, utilizing WB Group’s Topaz integrated combat management system. Integration with the EyeQ AI-enabled target acquisition suite allows real-time image processing and sensor fusion across drones, weapon stations, and observation platforms.

    By fusing hybrid combat vehicles, loitering munitions, mine-scattering systems, and AI-enabled battle management, WB Group’s Future Task Force introduces a scalable solution for Poland’s evolving force structure. It aims to deliver autonomous combat power across extended battlespaces while reducing dependence on manpower and heavy mechanized assets.

    Poland’s Defense Industrial Revolution Takes Center Stage at MSPO

    By
    Dan Zeevi
    -

    The 33rd International Defence Industry Exhibition (MSPO), taking place from September 2 to 5, 2025, in Kielce, Poland, represents one of Europe’s most significant military transformations, as Poland leverages unprecedented defense spending to forge a new model of strategic autonomy.

    With a defense budget projected to reach $48.7 billion in 2025—accounting for a significant 4.7% of GDP and the highest share among NATO allies—Poland has shifted from being solely a defense importer to a key market influencer. This financial strength is prompting a major change in how international defense contractors work with Warsaw, evolving from basic sales to full industrial partnerships.

    Three Pillars of Polish Strategy

    1. “Polonization” Doctrine: Poland is systematically demanding technology transfer and local production as non-negotiable elements of major contracts. Every significant procurement must contribute to building sovereign industrial capability, from ammunition factories to the assembly of complex platforms.
    2. The Unmanned Revolution: Drawing lessons from Ukraine, Poland has created a dedicated Inspectorate of Unmanned Systems to quickly develop a “drone army.” This institutional innovation demonstrates a commitment to multi-domain unmanned operations across air, land, and sea.
    3. Comprehensive Force Modernization: Massive programs are underway for the K2 Black Panther tanks, HIMARS and Homar-K rocket systems, Apache helicopters, and the strategic “Orka” submarine program, creating a modernization pipeline worth tens of billions.
    Hanwha Ocean is presenting its KSS-III submarine as a solution for Poland’s Orka submarine program. Photo: Hanwha Ocean

    Polish Industry Steps Forward

    MSPO 2025 marks a critical inflection point for Poland’s domestic defense industry, showcasing the transition from research and development to serial production and the integration of complex systems. These programs are pursued by local industries and by joint ventures with international partners.

    Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ) will showcase several new programs transitioning from development to full-scale production, including the first serial Borsuk amphibious IFV and Baobab-K mine-laying vehicle. A model of the future heavy CBWP infantry fighting vehicle, based on the K2PL chassis, reveals long-term armored force planning. Through its subsidiary Cenzin, PGZ will premiere new Heckler & Koch weapons, including the HK421 light machine gun and the HK G210 sniper rifle, alongside Polish-made unmanned systems from Spectre Defence Solutions, featuring VTOL UAVs and fixed-wing loitering munitions.

    Baobab minelaying vehicle. Photo: PGZ

    WB Group presents its “multi-domain unmanned revolution” through the “Future Task Force” concept, a networked ecosystem of manned and unmanned systems controlled by a unified command architecture. New systems include enhanced Warmate loitering munitions and the X-FRONTER reconnaissance drone.

    One of the most anticipated developments expected this week is the formal establishment of a WB Group-Hanwha joint venture for domestic missile production—creating Poland’s first sovereign guided munitions capability. Additional contract signings and industrial agreements are expected, building on the $515 million in announced deals for 2024.

    Rosomak S.A.: The Legwan 4×4 Light Reconnaissance Vehicle program exemplifies a successful “Polonization” strategy. Based on South Korea’s proven KLTV platform from KIA Corporation, the program involves significant local production, assembly, and system integration by Rosomak in Poland. MSPO 2025 is expected to witness the signing of new annexes formalizing the industrial plan for nearly 400 vehicles, solidifying long-term partnerships and anchoring supply chains in Poland.

    MSPO 2025 illustrates a fundamental shift in global defense market engagement with Poland. The absence of a single designated “Lead Nation”, departing from previous years’ focus on countries like South Korea (2023) or the USA (2019), signals Poland’s multi-vector partnership strategy designed to maintain maximum negotiating leverage.

    The K2PL tank variant designed for local production in Poland includes active protection systems, here illustrated by Rafael’s Eurotrophy APS. (Photo: Rafael)

    Strategic Significance

    MSPO 2025 demonstrates that Poland has successfully leveraged financial power to achieve genuine strategic autonomy while maintaining NATO integration. The technologies, partnerships, and contracts emerging from Kielce will reshape European defense supply chains and establish new benchmarks for international industrial cooperation.

    With over 800 companies from 35+ countries converging on 40,000 square meters of exhibition space, MSPO 2025 confirms Poland’s emergence as both a military and industrial powerhouse—one whose transformation will influence European security architecture for decades to come.

    Turkey Forges Military Identity Amidst Regional Power Dynamics Shift

    By
    Dan Zeevi
    -
    A line of Baykar Akinci drone.

    Turkey’s extensive military modernization has established the country as a key emerging player in Middle Eastern geopolitics, as evident at the 2025 IDEF defense exhibition in Istanbul. Held from July 22 to 27, the event showcased Turkey’s rapidly growing military-industrial capabilities and strategic goals, which extend from the Caucasus to the Red Sea.

    Defense Export Success Drives Strategic Autonomy

    Turkey now ranks 11th globally in defense exports, generating $7.1 billion in sales during 2024, marking a 29% increase from the previous year. The country’s defense sector employs 95,000 workers across 3,500 companies, with about 80% of Turkish military requirements now met domestically. This shift aligns with President Erdoğan’s strategic goal of achieving full defense autonomy by 2030.

    The Turkish government has set a clear goal: to be among the world’s top 30 defense exporters by the end of the decade. Five Turkish companies are now listed in Defense News Top 100, including Aselsan at 42nd and Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) at 50th. Government investments and self-sufficiency initiatives have enabled Turkey to produce approximately 80% of its defense needs domestically.

    Military Platforms Driving Regional Influence

    The centerpiece of Turkey’s military modernization remains the Turkish Aerospace Industries’ (TAI) KAAN fifth-generation fighter jet, which is set to replace some of its F-16 fleet in the future. As an early partner in the program, Indonesia has already committed to purchasing 48 aircraft, and Egypt is considering cooperation to join the program. The ALTAY main battle tank, after years of development challenges, has finally entered serial production with BMC. Turkey’s unmanned aerial systems (UAS) capabilities, led by Baykar’s TB2 and AKINCI platforms, have demonstrated combat effectiveness across multiple theaters, including Ukraine, Syria, Libya, and Nagorno-Karabakh. Baykar’s international expansion has recently been boosted by the acquisition of Italian aviation company Piaggio and the LBA Joint Venture with Leonardo, dedicated to UAS development. This partnership leverages Baykar’s industry-leading unmanned platforms with Leonardo’s advanced electronics and radar systems. The planned 50-50 joint venture envisions drone assembly in Turkey, as well as at Leonardo facilities in Italy, which would facilitate certification for selling in a European market worth $100 billion over the next decade.

    Regional Tensions Shape Defense Priorities

    The recent conflict between Israel and Iran prompted President Erdoğan to focus on developing stronger deterrent capabilities. Turkey responded by unveiling its “STEEL DOME” multi-layered air defense system and the TAYFUN BLOCK-4 hypersonic ballistic missile. These advances show Turkey’s commitment to achieving military parity or advantage over regional powers.

    The Steel Dome system, which relies solely on domestically produced assets, demonstrates Turkey’s commitment to independent airspace security, developed specifically in response to regional tensions. President Erdoğan has stressed the importance of improving deterrence capabilities against perceived regional threats.

    Turkey’s naval power has grown significantly, with shipyards producing advanced frigates, corvettes, and helicopter carriers. This naval strength supports strategic interests in contested Eastern Mediterranean waters, where disputes with Greece, Cyprus, and Egypt involve maritime borders and energy resources.

    The export of naval platforms has become a key part of Turkey’s diplomatic efforts, particularly in Southeast Asia, through major agreements with Indonesia and Malaysia. Turkey is also increasing its influence in Africa, exemplified by its donation of COBRA armored vehicles to Zambia as part of a broader strategic relationship-building effort on the continent.

    A notable development at IDEF 2025 was the improvement in the relationship with Syria. A large delegation from the Syrian Ministry of Defense attended the exhibition. High-level discussions led to Syrian requests for Turkish assistance in maintaining territorial integrity and rebuilding their military. This growing alliance positions Turkey as a key power broker in post-conflict Syria, potentially reducing Iranian influence and creating new strategic realities on Israel’s northern border.

    Ukraine Conflict Provides Technology Testing Ground

    The war in Ukraine has served as both a showcase and a laboratory for Turkish defense industry capabilities. The combat-proven effectiveness of platforms like the Bayraktar TB2 has cemented its global reputation. Turkey has also adapted several models of Ukraine’s Unmanned Surface Attack boats, which were successfully used against the Russian navy in the Black Sea. Turkish defense firms are analyzing lessons from conflicts, driving significant investment in autonomous systems, including unmanned ground vehicles, “Loyal Wingman” drone concepts under Project OKU, and various electronic warfare systems and techniques that have evolved from lessons learned from the conflict.

    Recognizing the vulnerabilities of manned platforms, Turkey emphasizes the development of autonomous systems within a fully integrated ecosystem of platforms, propulsion, weapons, and avionics optimized for unmanned and autonomous operations. The conflict highlighted the need for UAS survivability, leading companies like ASELSAN to develop advanced electronic warfare pods. This demonstrates Turkey’s commitment to updating technology in line with modern battlefield realities.

    Strategic Implications

    Turkey’s extensive military buildup, including the development of fifth-generation fighters and hypersonic missiles, along with the cultivation of strategic alliances in Syria, northern and eastern Africa, and the Arabian Gulf, reflects a calculated strategy. At the same time, Turkey expands its alliances and security relationships with countries regionally and globally, through naval port calls, donations of military equipment, security and military training, aid, and the establishment of military bases and other measures.

    Government involvement in strategic military export deals is increasing, especially in key markets such as Europe, the Caucasus, the Arabian Gulf, and East Asia. The country is shifting from a regional NATO partner to a self-reliant, top-tier military power capable of influencing multi-continental events. Through developing its domestic defense industry, forming strategic partnerships, and modernizing its military, Turkey is positioning itself as a major regional power with influence extending far beyond its traditional areas.

    U.S. Accelerates Drone and eVTOL Integration: What the New Executive Order Means for America

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -
    Toward a future of BVLOS, crewed and uncrewed drones. (AI Illustration)

    On June 6, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an executive order that marks a decisive shift in the United States’ approach to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)—commonly known as drones—and the emerging field of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The order, titled “Unleashing American Drone Dominance,” is designed to accelerate the safe commercialization and integration of these technologies into the national airspace, while strengthening the domestic industrial base and expanding the export of trusted, American-made drone technologies.

    The executive order begins by recognizing the transformative potential of drones across a wide range of industries, including logistics, infrastructure inspection, precision agriculture, emergency response, and public safety. The document highlights that emerging technologies such as electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft are poised to modernize cargo delivery, passenger transport, and advanced air mobility. To maintain global leadership, the order calls for accelerated testing, routine drone operations, and the scaling up of domestic production—all aimed at reducing reliance on foreign sources and ensuring the benefits of this technology reach the American people.

    New Ruling on BVLOS Drones Operations

    For federal agencies, the order sets forth a clear and ambitious policy framework. It directs the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to issue a proposed rule within 30 days enabling routine Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations for commercial and public safety drones, with a final rule to follow within 240 days. This rapid timeline is intended to address longstanding regulatory bottlenecks and unlock new opportunities for drone applications. The FAA is also required to establish clear metrics for assessing the performance and safety of Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations and to identify any additional regulatory barriers, providing recommendations for legislative or rulemaking action. Within 120 days, the FAA must deploy artificial intelligence tools to expedite the review of UAS waiver applications, streamlining the approval process and reducing administrative burdens for operators.

    Pilot Program for eVTOL Operations

    The order further mandates the establishment of an eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP), an extension of the BEYOND program, to accelerate the deployment of safe and lawful eVTOL operations. State, local, tribal, and territorial governments are invited to submit proposals within 90 days, with private sector partners required for each project. At least five pilot projects will be selected within 180 days, focusing on advanced air mobility, medical response, cargo transport, and rural access. These projects are expected to begin operations quickly after selection, and the program will run for three years, with regular reports to inform future regulatory and legislative actions.

    Establishing a US-Based Supply Chain

    For industry players, the order represents a significant opportunity to expand commercial operations and innovate in both drone and eVTOL technologies. The emphasis on safe and secure manufacturing, production, and integration—along with reduced regulatory uncertainty and streamlined approvals—is expected to foster industry-led innovation and accelerate the commercialization of new applications. The order also prioritizes the integration of U.S.-manufactured drones and components over foreign alternatives, supporting the growth of a robust domestic industrial base. Export promotion is another key focus, with the Secretary of Commerce tasked with reviewing and, if necessary, amending export control regulations to facilitate the expedited export of American-made civil unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to global markets.

    Defense & Security Implications

    From a defense and national security perspective, the order is equally consequential. The Department of Defense is directed to ensure that all platforms on the Defense Innovation Unit’s Blue UAS List can operate on military installations without requiring exceptions and to expand the list to include all compliant drones and critical components. Procurement of U.S.-made drones is prioritized, with exemptions granted only when absolutely necessary. The order also streamlines airspace access for UAS training and directs the military to identify programs that could be made more cost-efficient or lethal through the use of drones.

    The public stands to benefit from these changes in several ways. The accelerated integration of drones and eVTOL aircraft into the national airspace will enable new services such as rapid medical response, efficient cargo delivery, and improved access to remote areas. The focus on domestic manufacturing and supply chain security will help ensure that the technology is safe, reliable, and free from foreign interference. Moreover, the order’s emphasis on routine advanced operations and public-private partnerships will create high-skilled jobs and stimulate economic growth nationwide.

    By accelerating regulatory reform, fostering industry innovation, and strengthening national security, the order positions the United States to reap the full benefits of drone and eVTOL technologies—for agencies, industry, defense, and the public alike. The implications are far-reaching, setting the stage for a new era of advanced air mobility and technological sovereignty.

    DefenseTech Weekly Brief

    By
    Tamir Eshel
    -

    This week in the defense technology sector is marked by significant international partnerships, advancements in unmanned systems, and substantial investments in next-generation capabilities. From major naval contracts in the Middle East to the expansion of fifth-generation fighter jet fleets in Asia, these developments underscore key trends for industry stakeholders, highlighting the growing importance of interoperability and strategic industrial partnerships.

    Revamping UAS & eVTOL Market Dominance?

    On June 6, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an executive order that marks a decisive shift in the United States’ approach to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)—commonly known as drones—and the emerging field of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The order, titled “Unleashing American Drone Dominance,” is designed to accelerate the safe commercialization and integration of these technologies into the national airspace while strengthening the domestic industrial base and expanding the export of trusted, American-made drone technologies. In our coverage, we discuss the goals, timeline, and implications of this action. (Read our analysis)

    Aerospace & Counter-UAS

    In the air domain, several procurements and upgrades reflect the growing emphasis on fifth-generation platforms, tanker capacity, and counter-UAS munitions.

    China offers Pakistan the Shenyang FC-31 (J-35A) 5Gen fighters.

    FC-31/J-35A Fifth-Gen Fighters for Pakistan
    China is reportedly finalizing delivery of its Shenyang FC-31 (J-35A) fifth-generation fighter jets to Pakistan within months, marking Islamabad’s first operational stealth-capable platform. According to some sources, these aircraft will carry PL-17 air-to-air missiles with a maximum range of 400 km, exceeding the PL-15 that successfully debuted in recent engagements with Indian fighters. The J-35A reportedly features an internal weapons bay, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and low-observable coatings, making it the most modern combat jet in Pakistan’s inventory. Pakistan is also seeking to acquire long-range air defense systems from Turkey and China to improve its air defense by adding a higher tier against Indian missile attacks.

    Indonesia Considers Used Chinese J-10 Fighters
    Indonesia is evaluating the procurement of Used Chengdu J-10 multi-role fighters from China. If acquired, it will be its first major Chinese platform. The J-10 fleet aims to replace aging F-5 and F-16A/B models, filling capability gaps in air sovereignty and tactical strikes. For Beijing, these sales reinforce its role as a major exporter in Southeast Asia, even as Jakarta’s defense strategy balances U.S. and Russian legacy systems.

    Turkey’s KC-46 Tanker Acquisition
    Turkey is considering acquiring new aerial tankers, evaluating both Boeing KC-46A Pegasus and Airbus A330 MRTT. These tankers, will supplement and eventually replace its existing aerial refueling fleet (KC-135R).

    Missiles for German F-35s
    Germany will purchase Kongsberg Joint Strike Missiles (JSM) to equip its upcoming F-35A fleet, adding long-range, low-observable maritime strike capability to its missions. JSM integration underscores Berlin’s focus on deep-strike deterrence and interoperability with U.S. and NATO partners. The missile’s two-way datalink and sea-skimming profile will enhance Germany’s maritime interdiction and anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) operations in Northern Europe.

    Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon (ARRW) Revival
    The U.S. Air Force is planning to resume the development and testing of the AGM-183A ARRW hypersonic missile program in its Fiscal Year 2026 budget request—reviving a capability shelved in March 2023. ARRW utilizes boost-glide technology to achieve speeds exceeding Mach 5 and is slated for integration with the B-52H. This decision reflects a strategic pivot to diversify the U.S. hypersonic portfolio alongside the smaller Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile (HACM).

    DIRCM for Airbus A400M
    Airbus contracted Elbit Systems to equip German A400M transport aircraft with Directional Infrared Countermeasure (DIRCM) systems. This deal leverages the J MUSIC DIRCM developed by the Israeli company, systems that have already been implemented in other NATO aircraft, including A400M, A330MRTT, and KC-390.

    Alpha-Airbus Manned-Unmanned Teaming
    The Alpha (Airborne) and Airbus are launching a joint initiative for a manned-unmanned teaming concept that integrates crewed helicopters with autonomous aerial platforms. The collaboration builds on recent joint exercises with the Spanish Army, including live demonstrations where Alpha’s A900 UAVs flew alongside Airbus H135 helicopters from the Spanish Air Force, with crews directly piloting the drones from the helicopter cockpits.

    Deepsea Detection Escalates: China’s Submarine Tracking
    According to open-source reporting, Chinese research facilities have developed undersea sensors capable of tracking submarine movements near Alaska—prompting a U.S. Navy “national alert” for improved counter-surveillance measures. This technology signals Beijing’s push to close the undersea detection gap in strategic waterways, heightening the urgency for U.S. and allied navies to invest in acoustic masking, unmanned sensor deployment, and enhanced antisubmarine warfare (ASW) tactics.

    UUV Integration Milestone: USS Delaware
    The U.S. Navy’s Virginia-class submarine USS Delaware successfully launched and recovered an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) through its torpedo tube—a first for any U.S. nuclear-powered submarine. This proof-of-concept signifies the deepening integration of UUVs into undersea warfare, enabling clandestine surveillance, mine countermeasures, and payload delivery without compromising the host submarine’s stealth. Observers expect this capability to accelerate the development of larger, fleet-wide UUV programs and shift undersea tactics toward networked, manned-unmanned task forces.

    Danish Frigate Modernization Cancelled
    Denmark’s Chief of Defence has recommended scrapping the planned upgrade to its Iver Huitfeldt-class frigates, citing escalating costs and uncertain capability benefits. The frigate encountered critical weapon and mission systems malfunctions during the ship’s deployment to the Red Sea in 2024. The cancellation of this mid-life modernization could leave the Royal Danish Navy reliant on older sensor and weapon systems, potentially affecting NATO’s Baltic maritime balance.

    Abu Dhabi Ship Building (ADSB), EDGE Group’s naval arm and the UAE’s leading shipbuilder, has been selected as the build subcontractor for the Falaj3 program for Kuwait. (Illustration: ADSB)

    ADSB to Build Falaj3-Class Missile Boats for Kuwait for $2.4 Bn.
    In a landmark export, UAE-based EDGE Group won an AED 9 Billion ($2.4 billion) contract to supply Falaj3-class missile boats and Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs) to the Kuwaiti Navy. Abu Dhabi Ship Building (ADSB), EDGE Group’s naval arm and the UAE’s leading shipbuilder, has been selected as the build subcontractor for the program. FALAJ3 is a 62-meter vessel designed for operation in littoral and blue waters. This deal—one of the largest ever for a Middle Eastern shipbuilder—underscores the region’s growing ambition to develop indigenous naval platforms and expand its influence in Gulf security architectures.

    Defense Investment & Industrial Cooperation

    Joint programs and industrial partnerships are driving scale and interoperability across multiple domains.

    Latvia and Estonia Acquire Advanced Anti-Tank Missiles
    Latvia finalized the procurement of Israeli Spike anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), with German forces to coordinate logistical transit. Spike’s tandem warhead and fire-and-update features enhance Latvia’s deterrent against armored threats on NATO’s eastern front. The Latvian decision comes in contrast to Spain’s announcement to suspend an order worth €285 million for 168 Spike LR2 missile systems motivated by political anti-Israeli pressure. The Spanish Army already uses thousands of Spike missiles, and replacing them would negatively impact combat readiness and capabilities, as such missiles are not readily available for procurement in the short term. The U.S. State Department authorized the sale of FGM-148 Javelin ATGMs to Estonia, continuing a program to bolster Baltic defense against potential aggression. Leveraging fire-and-forget technology, Javelin complements Spike in strengthening anti-tank defenses across the Baltic nations bordering Russia.

    EU SAFE Defense Investment Program
    The European Union unveiled a €150 billion joint defense program—dubbed the “Strategic Autonomy Framework for Europe” (SAFE)—designed to accelerate research, procurement, and cross-border collaboration among member states. SAFE allocates funding for dual-use technology, next-generation combat systems, and cybersecurity resilience. By pooling national budgets, the initiative aims to narrow capability gaps and reduce fragmentation in defense research and development.

    Dassault Assigns Rafale Fuselage Production to TATA in India
    Dassault Aviation partnered with Tata Advanced Systems to establish a Rafale fuselage production facility in Hyderabad; Tata will set up a production facility in the southern city of Hyderabad to manufacture key structural sections of the Rafale. The joint venture leverages India’s offset obligations and advances Modi’s “Make in India” initiative, with first deliveries slated for 2028. Apparently, in joining TATA, Dassault relinquished its plans to expand cooperation with India’s Reliance group, which was established in 2017 to support offsets for the first acquisition of 36 Rafale aircraft.

    Vantage ATS undergoing firing tests in Australia. (Photo: BAE Systems)

    Research & Development

    ATLAS CCV: Live-Fire Validation
    BAE Systems Australia validated its ATLAS Collaborative Combat Vehicle (CCV) by live-firing the Vantage unmanned turret. The Vantage turret—equipped with a stabilized 25 mm M242 Bushmaster cannon and modular mission payloads—leverages an existing medium‐caliber weapon while leveraging robotics to enable teleoperated or autonomous operation and increase battlefield persistence.

    MAXAR-SAAB Space-Based Imagery Collaboration
    MAXAR Intelligence and Saab collaborate in the development of image-based positioning and navigation capability, utilizing MAXAR’s geospatial intelligence to develop GPS-resilient navigation and targeting capabilities. The initiative aims to develop robust and intelligent systems that can operate effectively even in GPS-denied environments, thereby enhancing operational capabilities on the modern battlefield.

    Warfighter Cognition Monitor
    The Department of Defense is advancing a “Warfighter Cognitive Health” program, deploying wearable sensors and AI analytics to track cognitive load, stress, and fatigue in high‐intensity training and deployment settings. By correlating biometrics (EEG, heart rate variability) with performance metrics, the program aims to identify cognitive degradation and recommend tailored interventions pre-emptively. Eventually, this data could be integrated into mission-planning suites to balance task assignments and mitigate human error.

    DefenseTech Business

    Anduril Raises $2.5 Billion to Scale Defense Manufacturing.
    CNBC reported that Anduril Industries has secured $2.5 billion in a late-stage funding round that boosts its valuation to $30.5 billion—double its August 2024 valuation—underscoring investor confidence in the company’s aggressive growth strategy. Led by Peter Thiel’s Founders Fund, which contributed $1 billion (its largest single investment to date), the rise coincides with Anduril’s recent takeover of Microsoft’s multibillion-dollar augmented reality headset program with the U.S. Army and a new partnership with Meta to develop AR/VR devices for the Army. By introducing an agile Silicon Valley approach to the defense business, Anduril is positioned to challenge defense incumbents such as Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and General Atomics. The company is preparing for a public listing in the medium term, though no IPO timetable has been set.

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