Israel׳s Defense Forces will replace the Skylark 1 Miniature UAS with larger, more modern, VTOL capable platforms developed by Elbit Systems. The IDF operates the Skylark since 2008. The newest member of the family, the Skylark I eVTOL, weighs up to 20kg and is equipped with an electric motor for forward flight, and a VTOL kit for hover takeoff and landing. Designed to provide an organic airborne ISTAR capability for lower tactical echelons.
The company will supply the new drones to the Artillery Corps of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), under the with the Skylark 1 Transitional Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Small Tactical Unmanned Aerial Systems (STUAS) combined with through-life maintenance services for these new systems as well as other STUAS systems operated by the IDF Ground Force’s (Skylark 1 & Skylark 3.)
Weighing up to 20kg, the new Skylark 1 eVTOL is a man-packed or vehicle-based platform offering the endurance and range of a fixed-wing STUAS with the capability to hover, take-off and land vertically. Combined with onboard analytical capabilities, the Skylark 1 eVTOL significantly expands the operations of tactical forces and enables fast deployment in order to organically perform Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) missions. Under the contract, Elbit Systems will replace the Skylark 1 with the new system that will be integrated with the operational fleet used by the IDF Ground forces.
Elbit System’s Skylark 1 eVTOL drone is slated to replace the Skylark 1 mini UAV after 15 years of service. Photo: Elbit Systems
Turkey’s International Defense Industry Fair (IDEF) 2023 was a hub of groundbreaking innovation, especially in armored vehicles. Renowned Turkish manufacturers like BMC, FNSS, OTOKAR, Nurol Makina, and Katmerciler participated, unveiling a range of novel platforms and configurations. Defense Update’s Weapon Systems Analyst Lt. Col. (Ret) Dan Zeevi attended the exhibition and reports.
The event offered a vivid display of what tops the Turkish Army’s wishlist—advanced turrets and active protection systems to multispectral camouflage and guided missiles. This article delves into the key highlights, focusing on the technologies that seem to align well with the future of armored warfare, based on the extensive experience gathered by the Turkish armed forces, defense industries, and their customers in battlefields in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Arabian Peninsula.
These armored vehicle companies, often competitors in both the domestic and international markets, showcased platforms with similar configurations, as they are aligned to the government directives to seek cooperation among local companies rather than join foreign partners for those technologies. This trend has been evident since the US embargo imposed after Turkey bought S400 air defense systems from Russia. The result – many of the vehicles on display were equipped with similar or identical turrets, APS, and other weapon systems, like Aselsan’s active protection systems and turrets, TDU’s multispectral camouflage systems, and Roketsan’s guided missiles, all of which are of significant interest to the Turkish Army.
Otokar showcased two variants of Tulpar; seen in this picture is the Aselsan 35mm gun Korhan Turret System, firing airburst armor piercing, high explosive, or airburst ammunition. Photo: Defense-Update
Otokar and FNSS presented two solutions for a medium-weight tank — Tulpar and Kaplan. Otokar exhibited two variants of the Tulpar tank; one outfitted with the Cockerill 3105HP 105mm gun turret and the other featuring Aselsan’s 35mm gun Korhan Turret System, capable of firing ATOM airburst, armor-piercing, and high-explosive ammunition. This turret also integrates Aselsan’s Akkor active protection system. FNSS displayed several Kaplan Armored Fighting Vehicle (AFV) variants, including the Kaplan Medium Tank (MT). Unlike Tulpar, Kaplan MT has already been integrated into an army’s inventory and represents a joint development between FNSS and PT Pindad of Indonesia. The Kaplan Hybrid and Shadow Rider Heavy robotic vehicle were also interesting configurations on display.
At IDEF, FNSS displayed the Kaplan MT with the Cockerill 3105 (105 mm) turret and Pulat active protection system. Photo: Defense-UpdateThe BURÇ Air Defense System displayed by Roketsan is an integrated turret mounted on an FNSS 8×8 RARS Scout vehicle. Photo: Defense-Update
Another key highlight was the BURÇ Air Defense System, an integrated turret mounted on an FNSS 8×8 RARS Scout vehicle. This system has four Retinar AESA radar panels, eight Sungur missiles, and a 3x20mm cannon. It is designed to detect and neutralize drones and loitering munitions.
Not to be overshadowed, the ARMA II 8×8 has shown impressive strides, with two new variants on display—a mobile repair and recovery vehicle and an armored fighting vehicle equipped with the Mizrak turret, which includes a 30mm canon and two OMTAS guided missiles. Despite ARMA’s absence in local orders, its export credentials are strong. The UAE has already procured 400 units of a total 700-unit program anticipated, and Kazakhstan is set to purchase over 800.
The new mobile repair and recovery vehicle and an armored fighting vehicle are displayed at the IDEF 2023 exhibition. Photo: Defense-Update
ARMA II’s Mobile Repair and Recovery Vehicle variant is designed to support mechanized units operating ARMA AFVs. The vehicle features a multifunctional capability, ranging from recovery operations to ground leveling and counter-obstacle measures.
BMC, which has dominated recent armored vehicle contracts, displayed its flagship platforms: the Firtina-II T-155mm Howitzer and Altay Main Battle Tank. Other noteworthy additions included the Vuran 4×4 Multi-Purpose Armored Vehicle and the ALTUĞ 8×8 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC), showcasing a modular ceiling concept for mounting turrets up to 105mm in caliber.
The ALTUĞ 8×8 Armored Personnel Carrier and Armored Combat Vehicle represented the Next Generation Armored Vehicle family. The vehicle displayed was equipped with Aselsan’s Korhan 35mm gun turret. Photo: Defense-UpdateBMC has won the lion’s share of armored vehicle contract opportunities; the results were on display at IDEF 2023, notably, Firtina-II T-155mm Howitzer and Altay Main Battle Tank, which BMC delivered to the Turkish Armed Forces with the events and ceremonies it held in the first months of 2023. Photo: Defense-Update
IDEF 2023 was a testament to the rapid advancements in armored vehicle technology, particularly from Turkish manufacturers. The innovations on display were impressive, from medium-weight tanks to anti-drone systems and multi-purpose armored vehicles. As these technologies transition from prototypes to fielded systems, they will significantly enhance armed forces capabilities.
Rafael introduces a new air-to-air missile at the Paris Air Show 2023. Photo: Defense-Update
Rafael is showing a new 6th Generation long-range air/air missile called SkySpear. The missile uses a double fin design at the tail and four canards at the front; a similar design was used in the main segment of the ground-to-air Stunner interceptor.
Coupled with a three-pulse rocket motor (supporting the boost, sustain, and endgame pulses), this design provides superior maneuverability and performance throughout the flight and engagement envelope. SkySpear is designed as a long-range air/air missile. Rafael’s sources did not specify the range but said it significantly exceeds the I-Derby ER, which is Rafael’s longest-range AAM.
Another new element in the SkySpear missile is its RF seeker. Unlike the Stunner’s dual seeker, SkySpear uses only an RF seeker. Rafael performed tradeoff studies that proved that the new seeker could deliver the required performance with a single seeker at the extended range and under contested electronic warfare.
Rafael presented the SkySpear to several potential customers and will proceed with full-scale development of this new missile upon the customer’s commitment.
SkySpear addresses the need for long-range intercepts, as reflected by Raytheon’s latest variants of AIM-120D AMRAAM, the European Meteor from MBDA, and the Vympel R-37 (RVV-BD) from Russia. Unlike the ramjet propulsion the Meteor uses to meet range performance, SkySpear relies on more efficient rocket propulsion to achieve the required range and maneuverability.
SkySpear is slightly shorter than the I-DerbyER, which means it may be fitting weapon bays limiting the use of other missiles. The new RF seeker technology allows for early lock-on, a more accurate end game, and a substantial leap in EW immunity.
RAFAEL's air and missile defense systems on show at the Paris Air Show 2023 - from right to left: Iron Beam high energy laser, Stunner (David's Sling interceptor), I-Derby-ER (air and tactical missile defense) and Tamir interceptor used by the Iron Dome and C-Dome systems.
The 54th Paris Air Show international aerospace exhibition provides an important venue for Israel’s aerospace and defense companies featuring new weapons, aerospace systems, space programs, and unmanned systems. All photos credit: Defense Update
IAI – Upper-tier ballistic missile defense
Three missiles designed by IAI for air and missile defense – Arrow 3, Barak 8ER and Barak 8 LRAD. Both Arrow-3 and barak 8ER are designed to intercept tactical ballistic missiles.
Exporting Light Rocket Propulsion Systems
Tomer – Israel’s government-owned defense company is participating at the Paris Airshow as part of the company’s marketing campaign seeking to expand its offerings to rocket and missile manufacturers worldwide. Tomer is Israel’s largest manufacturer of light rocket propulsion systems. The company’s products are integrated into IAI’s BARAK MX interceptors, Elbit Systems’ Extra and Accular guided rockets, and the Rampage air-launched guided missile. Photo: IAI
SkySonic – Interceptor of Hypersonic Threats
SkySonic is designed as an interceptor to counter hypersonic threats.
New Air/Air Missiles
Rafael is unveiling a new air/air missile – the SkySpear, at the Paris Airshow.
Elbit Systems – Long-Range Strike
Four types of heavy guided aerial strike weapons from Elbit Systems – from top to bottom: REST with an MPR1000 body, Rampage 300 mm aerial launched missile, Lizzard 4 with an MPR500 laser-guided bomb, and laser-guided 2.75″ rocket -GATR.
Teaming UAS and Loitering Weapons
Elbit Systems shows a teaming between the Skylark 3 Hybrid drone and Sky Striker loitering weapon. The drone performs extended reconnaissance and intelligence gathering missions, lasting up to 18 hours, with the Sky Striker performing target acquisition and attack based on that reconnaissance.BlueBird UAS are also showing a teaming of UAS and loitering weapons. The team comprises the ThunderB VTOL UAS and new SpyX loitering weapons unveiled at the 2023 Paris Airshow.SpyX can operate on missions lasting 1.5 hours at a range of 50 km from its controller. The weapon is supplied as an inert airframe, loaded with the battery and warhead upon assembly in the field. It is loaded with an anti-personnel high explosive fragmenting or anti-tank warhead. SpyX uses a piloting camera for flying and a miniature EO/IR payload for target acquisition, and a proximity fuse to trigger the HE-FRAG warhead.
Spear UAS – Encapsulated Loitering Weapon
Spear UAS’ Viper is designed as an encapsulated loitering weapon utilizing a quadrotor platform packed into a small launcher used as a ‘wooden round’.Uvision shows a complete system of a Hero 120 loitering weapon, comprising the launcher and missile, control unit, and communications link. These weapons have already been integrated for operation from helicopters, boats, tactical vehicles, and unmanned ground vehicles.
The SkySonic - Israel's new interceptor designed to kill hypersonic threats. Illustration: RAFAEL
RAFAEL announced today it had begun the development of a new interceptor designed specifically against hypersonic missiles. The company has been developing the new interceptor for the past three years and expects to have a prototype ready for flight testing soon. The program is funded by internal research and development investment. Still, RAFAEL is confident it can garner support for full-scale development from potential customers once the program reaches maturity level. The new interceptor, ‘ Sky Sonic,’ was introduced to media representatives today at a special presentation at RAFAEL HQ in Tel Aviv by the company’s new Chairman, Yuval Steinitz, and CEO, Yoav Har-Even. The new system will be officially unveiled at the 54th Paris Air Show, opening next week.
The Sky Sonic interceptor represents a major technological leap in hypersonic missile defense. Designed with exceptional maneuverability and high-speed capabilities, it effectively neutralizes hypersonic missiles with unmatched precision and stealth.
To act as an effective interceptor of a hypersonic target Lastly, the interceptor must exhibit exceptional maneuverability and operate on a non-ballistic trajectory to effectively pursue and neutralize the hypersonic threat. Illustration: RAFAEL
Hypersonic Challenges
Hypersonic missiles encompass new threats, including hypersonic atmospheric cruise missiles, gliders, and cruisers that travel at incredible speeds while maintaining exceptional accuracy and maneuverability. Unlike ballistic missiles, hypersonic missiles can change their course mid-flight. Consequently, a successful defense against hypersonic threats requires a multifaceted approach that involves countering their speed and effectively tracking, detecting, and intercepting their unpredictable flight paths.
Developing a comprehensive defensive response to hypersonic threats presents numerous complex challenges, including detection and tracking difficulties that necessitate a synchronized sensor system capable of accurately identifying and locating the threat throughout its trajectory. Furthermore, accurate trajectory prediction demands an interceptor that can swiftly reach the target, minimizing uncertainty associated with the target location. Lastly, the interceptor must exhibit exceptional maneuverability and operate on a non-ballistic trajectory to effectively pursue and neutralize the hypersonic threat.
The Sky Sonic second stage packs a boosted kill vehicle designed to intercept hypersonic and maneuvering targets effectively. Illustration: RAFAEL
The Sky Sonic Interceptor
The Sky Sonic interceptor is designed to integrate with existing early warning sensors and battle management suites. A two-stage missile system is designed for vertical launch and high acceleration to quickly reach the atmosphere’s edge, where hypersonic threats are expected to arrive. The first stage will bring the interceptor to the approximate height, whereas the second stage – the kill vehicle, will separate and boost further to the intercept. Both stages are fitted with fins. Company officials did not elaborate on the specific seekers or the number of sensor seekers packed into the kill vehicle. Still, the illustrations presented to the press show a distinct radome that seems to be of a different material than the kill vehicle’s body. The animation also shows blurred edges of the fins, possibly indicating the plasma created by the friction generated by the high speed of the kill vehicle. According to company officials, Sky Sonic uses advanced technologies to position the kill vehicle in a collision course with the incoming target, considering the target’s maneuvering and course changes, behavior that current interceptors cannot perform due to the inherent limitations of legacy systems. Rafael’s officials indicate that the DSWS has some capabilities to engage high-speed and maneuvering targets, but Sky Sonic will be optimized against such threats.
SkySonic Interceptor launched from a vertical launcher. Illustration: Rafael
Officials indicated that the kill vehicle is designed for a kinetic kill but will also be effective close to its target. Sky Sonic will be able to deal with hypersonic threats flying at Mach 10 and above, either hypersonic glide vehicles (the near-term threats) or hypersonic cruise missiles expected in the future. Rafael’s Sky Sonic introduction comes a week after Iran announced its first hypersonic missile – FATTAH, which Iran claims is a hypersonic reentry vehicle with a range of 1400 km.
RAFAEL intends to offer the Sky Sonic interceptors as part of a multi-layered air and missile defense system that rely on four layers – a close-in layer aimed at counter-drone systems (C-UAS), the Low Altitude Short-Range layer protected by Spyder SR, Iron Dome, Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) systems, and the Iron Beam High Energy Laser System; the later will also be able to engage long range targets when they pass within the laser’s intercept range. Spyder MR protects the medium-altitude and medium-range layers. The high-altitude medium to long-range layer is protected by David’s Sling Weapon Systems (DSWS), the new Sky Sonic, designed to integrate with the DSWS and air-to-air missiles employed by combat air patrols that could also be used against incoming missiles, taking advantage of the height and forward positioning of such assets.
The 50,000 flight hours milestone celebrated by the Royal Air Force and the Affinity Group was an important achievement for the company. In only seven years, Affinity evolved from a ten-employee startup to a group of 180 professional personnel operating a fleet of 42 aircraft training aircraft in three bases, supporting the elementary, basic, and multi-engine pilots training for the RAF and Royal Navy. With this proven record, Affinity has established itself as a role model for other countries looking for a similar approach to military training.
In the following article, Kees Otten and Wim Das summarize their visit to the company, where they had a personal impression of its activity. The article was first published by the Dutch aviation magazine Piloot & Vliegtuig.
The article is republished here with permission of Dutch Defence Media. The article provides some guidelines for foreign air forces considering outsourcing similar activities to service providers.
Outsourcing: non-operational tasks to private companies, such as pilot training, can save costs and improve efficiency.
Partnership: Building a strong partnership between government and industry, as seen in the partnership between Affinity and the UK Ministry of Defence, can lead to successful outcomes. Adding an experienced local company to the team improves efficiency and success.
Aircraft: Choosing the right training aircraft addresses operational performance and life cycle cost efficiency and adaptability to the military training mission based on efficient aircraft use, updating systems, and availability of spare parts.
Focus: Focusing on customer requirements by providing excellent service, maintaining skilled manpower, technical capabilities, and advanced technology, and being flexible in responding to changing needs.
Iain Chalmers, a former Royal Air Force (RAF) qualified flight instructor, is now the managing director of Affinity. Photo: MOD, Crown Copyright
Outsourcing military tasks to private companies can best be called a trend. To gain insight into why non-operational tasks are increasingly being transferred to such parties, it is worth looking at how, in the United Kingdom, in cooperation with the British armed forces, Affinity Flying Training Services is part of the national military aircrew training system, the UK Military Flying Training System (UKMFTS). Affinity is a joint venture of US-based Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR) and Israeli Elbit’s local subsidiary, Elbit Systems UK. A recent visit by Piloot & Vliegtuig shows excellent cooperation between all parties involved. Affinity can be considered a role model for other countries looking for a similar approach.
Contracted for 17 Years
The person who has put his heart and soul into supporting Affinity and making it grow into what it is today is Iain Chalmers, a former Royal Air Force (RAF) qualified flight instructor and now managing director of Affinity. Iain explains Affinity’s role within the overarching scheme during our visit. In 2008, the UK Ministry of Defence (UK MoD) selected the Ascent consortium to work in partnership to structure a new format for pilot training. Ascent is a partnership of Lockheed Martin UK and Babcock International and is the project’s prime contractor, thus designing the new pilot training system in collaboration with the UK MoD. It is responsible for maintaining an adequate overview and is, for example, also active in providing simulator training. Together with the RAF, it also provides the necessary instructors. The mandate within the UKMFTS for Ascent involves training pilots for the Air Force, Navy, and Army, the RAF, Fleet Air Arm (FAA), and Army Air Corps (AAC), respectively.
In its turn, Ascent submitted the order to provide the fixed-wing training aircraft to Affinity in 2016. Elementary, basic, and multi-engine training aircraft procurement was thus contracted as a Private Finance Initiative (PFI) for 17 years (until mid-2033). The exceptions are advanced jet, rotary-wing, and Navy rear-crew training, which other providers deliver. It is remarkable that Affinity, operating from the RAF airbases Cranwell, Barkston Heath, and Valley, and embedded in the military flight operations at the same time, is, therefore, part of it and, on the other hand, sees the RAF, No.22 Training Group as its user and customer. So this is where the business model comes in, where service is considered the most important thing. Iain frequently consults with his next-higher level, Ascent, essentially his direct customer.
Affinity operates 42 aircraft, including Grob 120T, Embraer Phenom 100, and Textron T-6C Texan II. Photo: MOD, Crown Copyright
The Value of Operational Experience
Affinity started small with six people, and during the first two years, there was a lot to arrange and set up. This included purchasing aircraft, recruiting ground personnel, and obtaining approval for the systems and maintenance procedures. This process was eased because Elbit Systems has built extensive experience in recent years in supplying military training aircraft and fleets, supporting their operational use, with accompanying maintenance and logistics procedures provided as a complete module. Elbit previously did so in Israel, among other countries, and is now establishing a similar framework in Greece. Shai Louk, the business development director of flight academies & services of Elbit Systems, tells us that Elbit “operates almost 180 training aircraft worldwide” and that it is precisely because of this experience that so much knowledge and insight have been gained on how to organize such training schemes.
Iain agrees that partly because of this, the consortium was able to present to the British Ministry of Defence and Ascent a particularly good offer to support the need for a new training concept in practice. This need mainly concerned the switch to training that would be much more in line with the digital capabilities available today in aircraft with which the front-line squadrons are equipped. It is important to build and shape digital awareness to a sufficient performance level of the pilot in training to be able to fly the modern 5th generation aircraft and understand and control their capabilities.
Affinity operates 23 Grob G 120TP, used for the elementary phase. They are known within the RAF as Prefect T.1. Photo: MOD, Crown Copyright
Training Aircraft Chosen With Care
Elbit Systems’ experience led to carefully choosing the most suitable aircraft. The commercial availability of the aircraft and its supply chain was of paramount importance. Also, selecting an aircraft requiring minimum changes and upgrades prepares it for the military training mission favored.
The choice for ‘elementary flying training’ (EFT) fell on the Grob G 120TP, known within the RAF as Prefect T.1 – 23 such aircraft were acquired by the operator and became operational beginning in 2017. A student receives practical flying hours on these trainers and significant time using Ground Based Training Equipment. Those who look into the cockpit of a Prefect T.1 understand how the transition to digital awareness is taught. Even at this elementary phase, there is an elaborate “glass cockpit” that, a decade ago, one would only find in a fighter aircraft. The Prefects supplied by Affinity operate from Cranwell and Barkston Heath and serve RAF and Fleet Air Arm pilots in training.
After successfully completing elementary flying training, there are two directions to proceed. If destined to become a fighter pilot, basic flying training (BFT) on the Textron T-6C Texan II comes next. Affinity has ten of these at Valley, and they became operational starting in 2019. Four additional aircraft were recently added and are now operational. After that, training can be continued on the Royal Air Force BAE Systems Hawk T.2, also based at Valley, for advanced jet training to be ready for the transition to the Typhoon or F-35. For the multi-engine stream, students stay at Cranwell to receive further training in one of Affinity’s five Embraer Phenom 100s in the form of Multi-engine pilot training (MEPT).
The T-6C Texan II replaced the Embraer Tucano in the basic trainer role. Photo: MOD, Crown CopyrightThe Phenom 100 run the Multi Engine Advanced Flying Training (MEAFT) course for pilots. Photo: MOD, Crown Copyright
The Importance of Good Management
Being able to meet customer requirements created challenges during the COVID period. For example, the delivery of parts took longer, so Affinity management has now chosen to have more parts available in stock. Nevertheless, overall performance did not suffer from this. “After a week, we were operating as before but with new procedures,” Iain said. He attributed this to a strong financial base, quick decision-making, and “out of the box” thinking. And this marks Affinity’s inventiveness in delivering a great turnkey product.
The Prefect and Phenom maintenance and operations occur in and from the large hangars Affinity occupies at Cranwell and Barkston Heath. Personnel for these operations are sourced locally as technicians, certified engineers, marshallers, and people who refuel the aircraft. All this is done while aiming for a pleasant and safe working environment. ‘It is like running the house with all the details’ as Iain describes it.
The Prefect and Phenom maintenance and operations occur in and from the large hangars Affinity occupies at Cranwell and Barkston Heath. Personnel for these operations are sourced locally as technicians, certified engineers, marshallers, and people who refuel the aircraft. Photo: MOD, Crown Copyright
Value for Money
Affinity’s managing director and his staff have supported a real transformation in pilot training. Now with Affinity and through well-chosen systems and efficient organization, Iain can generate an adequate number of deployable training aircraft with significantly fewer people than was previously the case when the military did everything in-house. Iain: “Unlike military colleagues, we are not paid to perform operational side tasks. We only do one thing: provide flying aircraft, and do it well. The customer can then focus on training. This alone makes us a lot more efficient”. He continues: “Requirements change, however. Our efficiency also helps to create a bit of flexibility to respond to changing circumstances.”
Shai adds, “We draw up the bill at the end of the day. How much manpower was needed, and how much availability did we deliver? This is where we learn all the time.” The drive to get a little better every day is embedded in Affinity’s performance. They will soon start using tablets to do various checks to reduce further ‘turn around time.’ In this way, maintenance is becoming increasingly smart. Characteristic of the desire to involve the local industry, Affinity also invested in partners who, for example, developed software to determine the consumption of parts better and have the necessary replenishment arrive in time.
Outsourcing a Comprehensive and Flexible Service
Affinity offers flexibility when adapting to changes, whether foreseen or unforeseen. Iain calls it delivering reliability. The planes are deployed according to the customer’s requirements and schedule. Already it is clear that more pilots are being delivered. Flying with digital instruments is different, sometimes, it seems too easy. In any case, the requirement to train more pilots for the front-line squadrons is being met. The Prefect, Phenom, and Texan II do exactly what they are supposed to do. Affinity has firmly established itself at various bases and now employs 200 professionals. The coming years can therefore be viewed with confidence. The set-up of such a training scheme in which a private company organizes and executes the entire process of generating available training aircraft, including all ins and outs, could be a godsend for air forces that must make similar decisions as the RAF. Given its experience, Elbit Systems has some strong cards up its sleeve.
The Blue Whale ASW in UDT Exhibition. Michael Ozegowski, Chief Executive Officer of ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, Eyal Shapira, VP& GM Air Defense & Naval Systems Division, ELTA IAI (Credit: ATLAS ELEKTRONIK)
The blue Whale AUV navigates at the water level. In this position, only the sail is visible. Once submerged, the submarine is below water, and when reaching its mission area, it can deploy its sensors by elevating the telescopic mast. Photo: IAIThe 5.5ton Blue Whale AUV is loaded onboard a support ship after deployment. The mini-submarine is 10.9 meters long and 1120mm in diameter. Photo: IAI
Updated – 10 May 2023: Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) has developed a large Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) called “BLUE WHALE,” designed for covert intelligence gathering in the open sea and coastal waters. The system incorporates Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) sonars developed in partnership with Atlas Elektronik and was unveiled at the Undersea Defence Technology (UDT) event held this week at Rostock, Germany.
The system incorporates ATLAS ELEKTRONIK’s unique, towed passive sonar triplet array. In contrast to existing towed sonars, the combined system is designed to function at depths traditionally exploited by submarines to avoid detection. A transmitter developed by ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, deployed from an autonomous or crewed surface vessel, enables the bistatic location and tracking of submarine targets by BlueWhale ASW. The towed sonar array is based on Atlas’ proven ACTAS (Active Towed Array Sonar) platform, a deep-water sonar system originally designed for surface vessel deployment. The system utilizes a low frequency sonar system that facilitates excellent area coverage while maintaining high sensitivity at depths previously beyond the reach of conventional sonar systems.
This AUV has undergone thousands of autonomous operation hours, including acoustic intelligence, identifying the presence of naval mines, and intelligence gathering for maritime and coastal targets.
The AUV measures 10.9 meters long and 1.12 m’ in diameter. It weighs 5.5 tons and can perform missions up to 30 days long. It can move at an optimal speed of 2-3 knots, with a maximum speed of 7 knots when required. BLUE WHALE has an integrated sensor payload mounted on an articulated telescopic mast that extends several meters high when fully opened, enabling the submarine to remain submerged throughout its mission, spanning two to four weeks. The AUV can descend to the bottom of the sea, where it can lurk and hide while using some of its sensors to collect intelligence for days. When submerged, the mast is stored in a container protecting the sensors and equipment. An intelligent, on-board controller manages the mission and sensors, sensors, communications, and power resources, enabling the operators to focus on the mission.
The sensors are mounted on the sail and telescopic mast. The mast mounts a small radar, designed for low-probability of intercept (LPI), and electro-optical payload providing visual intelligence (VISINT) just as a submarine does. An electronic support measures (ESM) sensor array is tasked with COMING and ELINT.
A broadband satellite communications antenna is also mounted on the mast, transferring the gathered data in real-time to command posts worldwide, either at sea or on land. To detect submarines and mines and gather acoustic intelligence, the AUV uses two types of sonars – a bi-static towed array for acoustic surveillance and submarine detection and flank sonar arrays for mine detection and seafloor mapping. The autonomous submarine can perform a significant portion of the operations of manned submarines, at minimal cost and maintenance, without the need for personnel on board. The AUV can be shipped in a standard 40-foot shipping container and deployed from a port or a support ship at sea. In addition, the Blue Whale can be used as a forward scout for manned submarines, special forces, and naval commandoes.
A selfie was taken by the Blue Whale’s EO camera. Photo: IAIIAI unveiled a surprising amount of details about its new AUV, its sensors, and its internal design. Subscribe to see more commentary.
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A cutaway view of the ELI-3325 Blue Whale AUV.A close-up of the sail structure.The sail-mounted sensors can be deployed when the AUV is floating below the water line, while the sensors mounted on the telescopic mast can be deployed when the submarine maintains a deeper position.A close-up view of the mast-mounted sensor payload popping up above the water line. It mounts an LPI radar, optronic sensors, and a broadband satellite communications terminal.Two flank sonars are used to deliver an acoustic mapping of the AUV surroundings.The BlueWhale AUV can deploy a bistatic towed array sonar for acoustic surveillance and submarine detection.
Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems has recently introduced two naval air defense systems designed to boost the defense capabilities of naval forces against the increasing threat of missiles, rockets, and unmanned aerial systems. The traditional air defense systems were created to protect naval vessels against Anti-Ship Missiles (ASM) aimed at the ship from wave-top height or low approach and pop-up maneuvers.
But the threat to naval forces is changing, and the latest threat includes guided and unguided rockets, ballistic missiles, drones, and loitering weapons used separately or simultaneously in coordinated attacks. Rafael’s naval portfolio is growing to address those changing threats, identifying new solutions to current and future challenges.
In March 2022, Rafael successfully completed a series of ground-breaking live field tests with a High-Energy Laser (HEL) interception system called IRON BEAM against steep-track threats such as ballistic missiles and loitering weapons. RAFAEL is now offering this HEL as a naval defense system. The company also introduced a new configuration of its C-DOME shipborne defense system, a derivative of its combat IRON DOME. The new C-DOME Mission Module comprises a radar, a battle management unit, and a separate firing unit comprising 20 interceptors.
Naval Iron Beam HEL from Rafael. Photo: Rafael
The IRON BEAM naval variant is known as the NAVAL IRON BEAM, which is designed to improve the vessel’s defense capability at the inner layer against incoming targets like short-range ballistic rockets, drones, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of various sizes. In the future, the NAVAL IRON BEAM is also expected to defeat anti-ship missiles. The main advantage of a high-energy laser is its ability to maintain operation as long as adequate electrical power is supplied, making it a cost-effective complementary defense solution in addition to kinetic air defense capability.
The advantage of a high-energy laser is its ability to maintain operation as long as adequate electrical power is supplied, thus having an ‘unlimited magazine.’ Typically, HEL replaces legacy Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS) such as the Phalanx and Goalkeeper used by Western Navies and Kashtan and AK-630 used by Navies dependent on Russian or Soviet-built ships. Both eastern and western CIWS rely on rapid-firing guns, with one or two units mounted on the ship – front and aft, providing the last layer of air defense against antiship missiles. Similar systems have already been tested in operational use by the US Navy and German Navies, although none have seen operational deployment. Like its land-based variant, the naval application can be integrated into an existing air defense system such as the IRON DOME, thus constituting a complementary, cost-effective defense solution in addition to the kinetic air defense capability.
C-DOME Mission Module comprises a fire unit with 20 interceptors and a command module with a radar and battle management system controlling the mission. Illustration: Rafael
The new C-DOME Mission Module was developed to address specific applications requiring existing vessels, such as Operational Patrol Vessels (OPV), auxiliary ships, and other naval support ships, to bolster their air defense and counter-drone capacity without relying on specially designed platforms such as corvettes and frigates. The C-DOME Mission Module consists of a radar, a battle management unit, and a separate firing unit loaded with interceptors. The new concept enables the vessel to mount a firing unit on the deck, a new configuration for the launchers as they are usually mounted several floors below the deck. This capability allows navies to introduce advanced air defense capabilities without needing deck penetration, vessel hull retrofit, or complex platform integration.
Rafael has unveiled these naval air defense systems to augment the defense capabilities of naval forces against the increasing threat of missiles, rockets, and unmanned aerial systems. The company’s Executive Vice President, Dr. Ran Gozali, Head of the Land and Naval Systems Directorate, stated that evolving threats require dynamic solutions. Rafael’s naval portfolio is constantly growing and upgrading to address current and future challenges.
The naval defense systems designed by Rafael can be integrated into an existing air defense system, such as IRON DOME, to provide a complementary, cost-effective defense solution. This approach expands air defense coverage by fielding C-DOME Mission Modules on ships not originally configured for this role. The new configuration introduces advanced air defense capabilities without complex platform integration, deck penetration, or vessel hull retrofitting.
In conclusion, Rafael’s naval air defense systems, including the NAVAL IRON BEAM and the C-DOME Mission Module, are designed to address the evolving threats naval forces face, including ballistic missiles, guided and unguided rockets, loitering weapons, and drones. These defense systems are cost-effective and complementary to kinetic air defense capabilities. Rafael’s continuous focus on research and development is rapidly identifying new solutions to address current and future challenges.
This SIGMA 10514-type Netherlands-designed guided missile frigate of the Indonesian Navy is KRI Gusti Ngurah Rai docked at Singapore for a visit to IMDEX 2023. Photo: MINDEF
Eighteen warships representing 12 navies have convened at Singapore’s RSS Singapura Changi Naval Base for a display as part of the International Maritime Defense Exhibition (IMDEX ASIA) 2023. This event showcases cutting-edge defense maritime technologies from hundreds of exhibitors, with topics ranging from new vessel designs and weapon systems to vessel defense and security, underwater warfare, surveillance, and situational awareness. In this review, we highlight some of the innovative technologies featured at the exhibition.
Trang Hung Dao, a Russian-built Gepard 3.9 class frigate, was commissioned in 2018 and is one of the most modern vessels of the Vietnamese Navy. Seen here on a visit to Singapore for IMDEX 2023. Photo: MINDEFThe Royal Australian Navy frigate HMAS Toowoomba, FFH 156 on visit to Singapore for IMDEX 2023. Photo: MINDEF
As underwater defense becomes an increasingly vital concern for modern navies, advanced countermeasures against submarines and torpedoes are of paramount importance. At IMDEX ASIA 2023, leading defense companies such as RAFAEL and its subsidiary DSIT, the German Atlas Elektronik group, and the Franco-Italian consortium EuroTorp showcased their latest innovations in torpedo and submarine defense technologies.
EuroTorp’s MU90 Lightweight Torpedo: EuroTorp, a consortium formed by Naval Group, Thales, and Leonardo, has developed the highly advanced MU90 lightweight torpedo (LWT). Drawing on the experience and requirements of leading NATO navies, the MU90 has undergone more than 300 sea trials, including two live-fire tests in complex scenarios. Capable of operating in very shallow water and against midget submarines, the MU90 is designed to address 21st-century operational requirements. The next version of this LWT, currently under development, will also offer anti-torpedo capabilities. The MU90 has been equipped on over 150 platforms, including surface ships, aircraft, and helicopters, with more than 1,000 units produced. The weapon is in service with the navies of France, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Australia, Greece, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi. Weighing 304 kg and measuring 2.85 meters in length, the MU90 relies on passive mode during the initial phase of intercept. It features a digital acoustic seeker capable of classifying all types of smart decoys and jammers within seconds.
MU-90 Lightweight Torpedo. Photo: Royal Australian Navy
RAFAEL and DSIT’s Torpedo Defense Suite: RAFAEL and it’s subsidiary DSIT have developed a comprehensive torpedo defense suite for surface ships, including the MONKFISH torpedo threat detection and alert (TDAS) and the BLACKFISH hull-mounted sonar (HMS) sensors. The MONKFISH system overcomes the limitations of current passive sonar systems by operating in active, passive, and intercept modes, providing continuous 360-degree detection and alert capabilities for any approaching torpedo. To counter detected threats, RAFAEL’s TORBUSTER SP hard kill decoy is deployed, defending against passive, active, and wake-homing torpedoes. In the case of passive torpedoes, TORBUSTER SP simulates the ship’s acoustic signature to lure the torpedo away. In contrast, for active torpedoes, it provides a near real-time tailored response based on the torpedo’s transmission. When the torpedo is at close range, TORBUSTER SP neutralizes it to prevent reattacks.
In the realm of underwater surveillance, detecting potential intruders is crucial for maintaining naval security. The British company Wavefront has developed an advanced system called Sentinel, which is designed for the protection of ports, harbors, military assets, commercial vessels, and waterside properties. The Sentinel system automatically detects, classifies, and tracks subsea threats such as swimmer delivery vehicles, divers, and unmanned underwater vehicles. Its latest version utilizes Simultaneous In-band Active and Passive Sonar (SInAPS) technology to identify and protect objects at ranges up to 1,500 meters. This combined surveillance approach is highly efficient when tracking low-target-strength drones or slow-moving targets in cluttered seabed conditions, typical of some harbor settings.
Active and Passive tracks on Scuba Diver shown by the SInAPS system. Photo: Wavefront
Without compromising the active tracker, SInAPS leverages the processing gain of the Sentinel array and its high-bearing resolution to track targets simultaneously passively. SInAPS then combine the spatially co-registered output from the active and passive trackers. This technology enables the system to detect intruders hiding in sheltered areas or obscured from active sonar, such as behind pipelines or harbor walls, where traditional sonar solutions struggle to provide detection. Sentinel’s SInAPS technology also offers superior tracking capabilities for submersibles and drone targets (SDVs, AUVs, & UUVs) from a single-point sensor.
A special focus was given to start-up companies developing innovative solutions for maritime challenges. The Innovation Challenge, jointly hosted by Starburst Aerospace and IMDEX ASIA, showcased groundbreaking products and solutions from eight companies to potential customers, partners, and investors.
Two AI applications were among the finalists selected for the challenge, both designed to enhance ship safety through real-time information gathering and processing. These AI systems aim to improve situational awareness, facilitate decision-making, and provide crew members with the necessary guidance and advice to respond to emerging risks.
LexX Technologies: The Australian company LexX Technologies developed an intelligent, compact smartphone app or tablet-based system that supplies crew members and technicians with relevant technical information when needed. Utilizing advanced Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) technology through Natural Language Processing (NLP), this system offers real-time, intelligent solutions to technical issues. Already in use in the aviation, utility, and defense industries, the system is now being applied to maritime settings.
Captain’s Eye: Israeli startup Captain’s Eye has designed a system that delivers a comprehensive situational understanding of vessels. Employing real-time video analytics based on a unique AI algorithm, the system detects safety and security events such as smoke, fire, and leaks. By identifying anomalies and potential causes, the system enables rapid response before an event escalates into an emergency. It also prevents environmental pollution and cargo damage. The system features real-time AI video analytics on all cameras, a control panel for the captain and crew, and fleet-wide monitoring capabilities.
Running in real-time AI video analytics on all the cameras with a control panel for the Captain and the crew. Photo: Captains Eye
Other startups selected by Starburst include:
Eddyfi Technologies: This Canadian company offers remote ship inspections, both internal and external, using underwater surveillance via various robotic systems. With applications ranging from hull structural integrity assessments to inspections of critical components, Eddyfi Technologies has garnered significant interest at the exhibition.
Image Soft: Finnish company Image Soft has developed an underwater surveillance simulation system.
Hydrov: Singaporean company Hydrov has introduced an underwater inspection system designed for rapid and detailed examination of vessel exteriors and interiors.
SubUAS: US-based company SubUAS has showcased similar capabilities to Hydrov’s system, focusing on underwater inspection solutions.
IMDEX ASIA 2023 provides an invaluable platform for showcasing the latest advancements in defense maritime technologies. These technologies are crucial for ensuring the safety and security of naval forces in an increasingly complex surface and underwater environment. From AI applications improving ship safety to underwater inspection solutions, the exhibition highlighted the ongoing innovation in the naval sector.
RAFAEL and its partly owned subsidiary DSIT have developed a comprehensive torpedo defense suite for surface ships. The system was unveiled at IMDEX Asia 2023 exhibition.
The system is comprised of sensors and countermeasures. Two sensors are included – the MONKFISH provides Torpedo Threat Detection and Alert System (TDAS), and the BLACKFISH hull-mounted sonar (HMS) sensors provide continuous security alerts, detect, classify, track, and alert on incoming torpedoes. Overcoming the limitations of current passive sonar systems, MONKFISH operates in active, passive, and intercept modes, delivering continuous 360° detection and alert capabilities for any approaching torpedo in all weather and sea conditions while the ship is underway.
The system’s advanced signal processing and algorithms provide accurate detection without false alarms, simultaneous tracking and processing of multiple targets, and ultra-fast torpedo classification in all operational modes.
TORBUSTER SP torpedo countermeasure from RAFAEL. Photo: RAFAEL
The protected vessel uses RAFAEL’s TORBUSTER SP hard kill decoy to counter the threat. The TORBUSTER SP defends against passive and active and wake-homing torpedoes. In the case of passive torpedoes, TORBUSTER SP simulates the ship’s acoustic signature to lure the torpedo away from the targeted vessel. For active torpedoes, it can provide a near real-time tailored response based on the torpedo’s transmission. When the torpedo is at close range, TORBUSTER SP is designed to neutralize it to prevent re-attacks.
MU-90 Lightweight Torpedo. Photo: Royal Australian Navy
EuroTorp, a consortium formed by three European companies – Naval Group, Thales, and Leonardo, has developed the most advanced lightweight torpedo (LWT) based on the experience and requirements of leading NATO navies. More than 300 sea trials were executed, including two live fire trials in complex scenarios. According to EuroTorp, MU90 addresses 21st Century operational requirements, including sea-proven very shallow water and against midget submarines. Currently in development, the next version of this LWT will also provide anti-torpedo capability. This capability will be operational by the end of the decade. This capability is enabled using improved algorithms, enabling the engagement of faster targets. The warhead is also optimized with an enhanced blast effect in addition to the directional effect of the shaped charge. The type of engagement will be determined before the launch. The new LWT was displayed this week by EuroTorp at the IMDEXASIA2023 maritime exhibition in Singapore.
Over 1,000 units have already been produced and equipped 150 platforms, including surface ships, aircraft, and helicopters. The MU90 can be released from helicopters or maritime patrol aircraft or launched aboard ships. The weapon is currently in service with the navies of France, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Australia, Greece, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi.
The 304 kg weapon is 2.85 m long and 323mm in diameter. MU90 relies on passive mode at the initial phase of intercept. It uses a Silver-Oxide Aluminum seawater battery that is energized only when submerged. The battery drives a cavitation-free pump jet delivering silent electric propulsion, which helps keep it undetected by the target until its acoustic seeker switches to active mode. The system operates at variable speeds from 29 to over 50 kt., automatically selected to match the operational scenario and tactics. It offers an operational engagement distance of 12 km. The digital acoustic seeker features multiple transmit/receive beams enabling multi-frequency, parallel processing and operates in simultaneous acoustic modes to enable multi-target tracking, classification, and analysis.
This sophisticated signal processing enables the MU-90 LWT to classify all types of smart decoys and jammers within a few seconds; as the MU90 self-adapts its configuration and tactics according to the evolution of the operational scenario and the target, it keeps focused on its target and closes in to classify and plot an accurate inertial trajectory for the attack. The final approach aims to activate its shaped charge to impact the target’s center of gravity. The warhead weighs 32 kg and uses insensitive explosives to penetrate any double submarine hull and grant depth-independent target destruction capability. It is effective operational capabilities in shallow (minimum water depth of 25 m’ at launch, three m’ to 1,000 m’ operational depth) and confined waters.
BARAK MX launched from a smart land transported launcher. The BARAK MX uses the same components - interceptors, BMS, configured for naval and land applications. Photo: IAI
The BARAK MX, IAI’s cutting-edge air defense system, has been developed to meet Israel’s stringent requirements and is a crucial component of the country’s air defense network.
As a fully network-centric system, BARAK MX features an open system architecture and modular design, seamlessly integrating various sensors, battle management, and interceptors into a unified system. Robust electronic and cyber protection ensures system readiness and operability in the face of modern adversaries. The unique Joint Task Force connectivity of BARAK-MX allows for the expansion of defended areas by interconnecting multiple units, enabling fire units to rely on each other’s assets to engage targets beyond the individual reach of each unit. It also enables the integration of land-based and naval air defenses under a joint multi-layered defense network. This capability enhances naval and land-based defense systems, denying enemy access or missile attacks.
Unlike air-to-air missiles adapted for surface-to-air use, BARAK MX interceptors were explicitly designed as surface-to-air missiles. Therefore, they are not restricted by limitations dictating the size and weight of missiles carried by aircraft, which also derive the warhead size, kinematics, and endgame performance. The system employs several types of BARAK MX interceptors covering engagement ranges from 35 to 150 km. The BARAK interceptors’ unique architecture allows for remarkable speed and maneuverability to maximize the target no-escape zone and probability of kill (Pk).
All of the BARAK MX different interceptors can be launched from the same launcher, enabling the system to deploy the most suitable interceptor from the best-positioned fire unit, thus achieving agile defense capability with the optimal battle economy. Out of the different Barak interceptors, the BARAK-ER is the only interceptor equipped with a booster phase.
BARAK MX provides integrates within multi-tiered air and missile defense systems. The system contributes to wide area coverage, effective defense against anti-ship missiles, improved battle economy as well as defense against tactical ballistic missiles. Illustration: IAI
The smart launcher is designed for autonomous operation, enabling efficient protection against air-breathing targets (ABT) and Tactical Ballistic Missiles (TBM), which are significantly beyond the capabilities of legacy systems. Advanced communications methods enable the launcher to engage targets without relying on the system’s radar. Adding more networked launchers enables users to scale their air defense networks, adapting to battlespace dynamics and the introduction of new threats. Similar air defense capabilities can be employed at sea.
BARAK MX interceptors employ advanced active RF seekers providing optimal target detection and tracking in all weather and visibility conditions. This is one of IAI’s areas of expertise, making the company Israel’s National House for RF seekers.
Missile datalinks ensure the interceptor initiates the target pursuit even before the battery sees the target (Launch on Remote – LOR). This unique mode further enhances this capability and the overall system’s efficiency, ensuring that each interceptor is focused on its designated target throughout the intercept.
Missile datalinks ensure the interceptor initiates the target pursuit even before the battery sees the target (Launch on Remote – LOR). This unique mode further enhances this capability and the overall system’s efficiency, as it ensures that each interceptor is focused on its designated target throughout the intercept.
When replacing legacy air defense systems, BARAK-MX offers more flexible deployment, a larger defensive footprint, and an improved force economy. BARAK-MX can easily integrate with existing defense systems and battle management networks thanks to its open-system flexibility and compatibility with various sensors, communications, and data links, including NATO protocols.
IAI, a leading provider of air and missile defense systems, has developed and fielded an array of air and missile defense solutions. Air defense is a core capability of IAI, offering solutions ranging from the Arrow Missile Defense System, capable of intercepting missiles in space, to the Sky Capture system, optimized for short and very short-range air defense against aircraft, helicopters, and drones. IAI has developed and produced all relevant core systems, including radars, interceptors and launchers, battle management, fire control, and data links.
In summary, the BARAK-MX system represents a significant advancement in air defense technology, providing an operational scalable, flexible, combat-proven solution to protect vast areas and counter modern and future battlefield threats. Nations seeking a modern and comprehensive air and missile defense capability will find BARAK MX the most suitable for the job.
Since the initial fielding of BARAK 8 by the Indian Navy, BARAK 8 and BARAK MX air defense systems have been acquired by seven nations on four continents. Photo: IAI
The Finnish Ministry of Defense has informed the Israeli Ministry of Defense of its decision to procure the David’s Sling Weapon System (DSWS), an advanced air‐defense system. The procurement decision follows a long competitive evaluation that lasted several years; the two finalists were Rafael and IAI. The Finnish Ministry of Defense chose the advanced Israeli system, which will form a layered defense against various threats. The Finnish MOD has set a minimum intercept ceiling of 15,000 m’ (50,000 ft) for this new capability.
“The system will significantly strengthen the capability of Finland’s air defense.” said Commander of the Finnish Air Force, Maj Gen Juha‐Pekka Keranen, “Together with the commissioning of the F‐35 and the already fielded ground‐based air defense systems in service, the air defense of Finland will be very substantial on the European scale.”
This is the first export sale of the David’s Sling Weapon System to a foreign military. DSWS is a joint program developed by the IMoD’s Israel Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency, with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems as the prime contractor. The system is designed to intercept advanced aerial threats, including ballistic missiles, aircraft, UAVs, and cruise missiles. DSWS has been operational in Israel since 2017 and is a core component of the country’s multi‐tier air‐defense array.
Israel will provide Finland with David’s Sling system according to the agreement, including interceptors, launchers, and radars, which will be connected to Finnish command and control systems. The agreement is valued at approximately 316 million euros. The contract includes further options worth 216 million euros. The possible exercise of these options requires a separate decision.
Due to the program’s joint development with the United States, it is contingent on final export approval from the US Government. The procurement contract will include a separate part between the Israel Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Defence of Finland to ensure the security of the supply of the system. The arrangement will ensure the availability of critical system components in all security situations. The Finnish version of the system will be manufactured and integrated as a collaboration between Israeli, American, and Finnish contractors led by Rafael and Raytheon. Finnish companies will participate in the integration of the system and in the planning and equipping of the system’s command and control elements.
DSWS is an advanced system designed to intercept ballistic and cruise missiles, developed jointly by the Israel Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. Rafael is the prime contractor for David’s Sling, working alongside Elta. This IAI subsidiary developed the Multi‐Mission Radar and Elbit Systems, which developed the Israeli command and control system.
The system is a central component of Israel’s multi‐layered defense network. It serves as an intermediate layer between the Iron Dome at the lower tier and the Arrow missile‐defense systems (Arrow 2 and 3) at the highest tiers.
At the intermediate layer, DSWS is a centralized national asset designed to deal with advanced threats at long ranges. From its central locations, DSWS relies on its high speed and long range (>250 km (150 miles) to engage targets well beyond Israel’s borders. It adds interception opportunities to the Arrow 3 exoatmospheric interceptors, Arrow 2, and future Arrow 4 missile defense interceptors, also operated as centralized assets. DSWS can also intercept targets from long range before they are engaged by the Iron Domes, distributed to multiple locations around the country. With high kinematic capabilities, superior dual seeker, and extended range, DSWS also provides optimal defense against cruise missile attacks.
The system uses an interceptor powered by an advanced rocket motor with exceptional maneuverability and speed. David’s Sling offers high interoperability with external systems, using an architecture allowing maximum flexibility while operating as part of an air defense network that consists of different and diverse systems.
Firing the SIG’s MG 338 belt-fed machine gun from a PITBULL RCWS mounted on a Polaris All Terrain Vehicle. This new weapon configuration greatly enhances the capability and agility of special forces, enabling accurate, long range engagements, using the new standard issue .338 machine guns to perform missions that could previously be obtained only with .50 CAL heavy machine guns. Photo: SIG Sauer.
Last week (16 March 2023), SIG SAUER announced the acquisition of Israeli robotics expert General Robotics, a world-leading manufacturer of lightweight, remote weapon stations and tactical robotics.
“This acquisition will greatly enhance SIG SAUER’s growing portfolio of advanced weapon systems.” Ron Cohen, President and CEO of SIG SAUER, Inc., said. “The team at General Robotics is leading the way in developing intuitive, lightweight remote weapon stations with their battle-proven solution,” Cohen added.
Recently, the U.S. Army selected the SIG SAUER lightweight machine gun (XM250), automatic rifle (XM7), and high-pressure hybrid ammunition for the Next Generation Squad Weapons (NGSW) program, representing a historic step forward in weapons technology. The NGSW program is in the early stages of adoption, and the U.S. Army will field the weapons at the squad level in 2023.
In January 2023, SiG demonstrated their SIG’s MG 338 belt-fed machine mounted on a General Robotics PITBULL Remote Weapons Station installed on a Polaris All Terrain Vehicle. This application enables special operators to deliver precision suppressive fires at long range from defensive positions, using PITBULL’s remote control capability. The two companies demonstrated the combined system at the Shot Show 2023 in Las Vegas and IDEX 2023 in Abu Dhabi.
The brains of the system is the Remote Control Unit, a touchscreen tablet fitted with advanced aiming functions and artificial intelligence to enable rapid target acquisition and accurate engagement at long range. The use of dual triggers prevents accidental engagement. Photo: SIG Sauer
“Combining the General Robotics remote weapons station with SIG SAUER’s lightweight squad weapons and high-pressure hybrid ammunition will revolutionize small arms for military forces worldwide. This acquisition exponentially increases the capabilities of our lightweight weapon systems delivering transformative advancements in mobility, greater lethality, and battle-tested force protection for today’s warfighters,” Cohen commented.
General Robotics currently provides two types of lightweight RWCS – the PITBULL is designed for land vehicles, autonomous ground robots, and marine applications PITBULL and the SHARK is optimized for marine applications in manned and unmanned vessels. The company also markets the DOGO, an armed, tracked robot for indoor surveillance. Dogo was initially designed to operate only with Glock handguns but is now configured to operate some SIG handguns. The company’s weapon systems are remotely controlled from a small tablet, featuring an advanced user interface that enables fast orientation, agile movement, effective surveillance, quick weapon alignment, and tracking of targets to facilitate fast and effective engagement. These capabilities also enable the effective use of the weapon as a hard-kill countermeasure against drones.
In January 2023, Sig demonstrated their SIG’s MG 338 belt-fed machine mounted on a General Robotics PITBULL Remote Weapons Station installed on a Polaris All Terrain Vehicle. This application enables special operators to deliver precision suppressive fires at long range from defensive positions, using PITBULL’s remote control capability. Photo: SIG Sauer.
The British Armed Forces have successfully tested a revolutionary Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW) capable of neutralizing drone swarms at a fraction of conventional defense costs. The system, developed by a UK-based consortium led by Thales, can disable multiple unmanned aerial systems for as little as 10 pence per engagement.
XTEND, an AI-driven drone technology expert, has been awarded an $8.8 million contract by the U.S. Department of Defense to supply VR-operated Precision Strike Indoor & Outdoor (PSIO) small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS), a first DoD-approved loitering munition platform for both indoor and outdoor operations. With cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI), these tactical drones deliver real-time, high-precision strikes, redefining smart munitions in modern warfare.
The US Department of Defense's annual report on Chinese military and security developments was presented to Congress today. In this post and podcast, we dissect the report, which isn't just another geopolitical overview. It’s...
Greece is actively modernizing its military capabilities with two significant procurements. Firstly, the Government Council for Foreign and Defense Affairs, known as KYSEA, has approved the purchase of approximately 590 U.S.-made Switchblade loitering munitions,...
Preparing to continue our weekly review, we are utilizing AI systems to organize, process, and present a weekly news summary covering defense tech. There is still a long way to go; we'd like...
Diehl Defence has teamed up with Skysec to develop a drone interceptor. Diehl works with Skysec’s subsidiary, Skysec Defence, to modify the original civilian-oriented net-arresting interceptor into a hard-kill system suitable for military missions....
Welcome to the latest episode of Defense-Update News Summary! In this episode, we dive into this week’s developments in defense technology, military acquisitions, and strategic partnerships worldwide.
Some of this week's highlights include:
Elbit Systems...
DSWS is an advanced system designed to intercept ballistic and cruise missiles, developed jointly by the Israel Missile Defense Organization and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. Rafael is the prime contractor for David’s Sling, working alongside Elta. This IAI subsidiary developed the Multi‐Mission Radar and Elbit Systems, which developed the Israeli command and control system.
