Xilinx to Harden Virtex-5 Microchip Series against Radiation Effects
The US Air Force is funding the radiation hardening of modular integrated circuits produced by Xilinx Inc. these radiation hardened components will contribute to simpler, more robust electronic applications in missiles and spacecraft. Xilinx is expected to complete the development by 2010. The hardening process will be extensible to future FPGA technology generations.
The Air Force awarded Xilinx a $23.5 million contract to implement radiation hardening (RHBD) within their existing architecture and design methodology implemented with newly released Virtex-5 family of Field-programmable ate array (FPGA) using the latest 65 nm technology. These microchips contain multi-million gates, designed with Single-event effects Immune Reconfigurable FPGA (SIRF). Through the development effort, all the FPGA’s logic blocks will be inspected to determine susceptible elements and migrate against single effects (SEU). Implementing radiation hardened Virtex-5 will enable designers to employ architecture that potentially eliminates the need for multiple redundant instantiations and voting, and allow system developers greater flexibility in space and missile applications.
Close Representation of Controls & 6.4” Display Device Design Concept being developed by Lockheed Martin for the FCS program.
As the Army’s Future Combat Systems’ program struggles to stabilize its path after the announcement of the planned elimination of eight manned ground vehicles from the program – unmanned systems, remotely operated sensors and weapons are becoming once again the leading elements in FCS. The element that will control these systems, known as the ‘Common Controller’ has successfully completed its preliminary design review (PDR) and the system is expected to begin testing with the Army later this year.
Close Representation of Controls & 6.4” Display Device Design Concept being developed by Lockheed Martin for the FCS program.
“The combined government and industry team delivered a mature design that meets the FCS program schedule and requirements,” said Roy Seaton, FCS LSI Common Control program manager. The Common Controller consolidates control of a number of different systems into one integrated controller, simplifying logistics and empowering the soldier.
Primarily, it controls the FCS Class I (T-Hawk) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, the Multifunctional Utility/Logistics Equipment vehicle (MULE), the Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV), unattended ground sensors (UGS), and select ground vehicle functions and their respective payloads. The controller also provides situational awareness to dismounted soldiers conducting operations outside of their vehicles. The Common Controller hardware is being developed and supplied to the Lead Systems Integrator by Lockheed Martin.
“The Common Controller PDR marks the successful completion of the last of our individual platform and system reviews and clears the way for the FCS System-of-Systems PDR in May,” said Gregg Martin, Boeing vice president and FCS program manager. “The entire FCS One Team continues to execute to their commitments, which enables our program to remain on plan. Following the System-of-Systems PDR, we’ll be focusing on executing ourcritical design reviews and moving into final test and evaluation of our systems.”
The U.S. Army has awarded three contracts worth about $5 million each to General Dynamics C4 (NYSE: GD), Raytheon (NYSE: RTN) and Rockwell Collins (NYSE: COL) – the three contenders selected to develop new ‘system of systems’ to equip dismounted commanders. In addition, each of the contenders will receive about $7 million upon delivering the initial prototypes, by November this year. The system, known as ‘Ground Soldier Ensemble’ (GSE) is a follow-on to the ‘Land Warrior’ which was put to a limited use in Iraq in the past year. The Army plans to buy over 11,000 systems by 2015 and, while the program is currently focused on the Army, the US Marine Corps could also join, significantly expanding the program’s scope. GSE will be designed to improve situational awareness, decreased reaction times, and reduce the risk of fratricide.
The development of the system builds on the experience gained with the Land Warrior system, developed by General Dynamics C4 and deployed with the 4/9 Infantry in Iraq. The performance of Land warrior validated the need for a dismounted battle command system while highlighting some of the current systems’ limitations. While the Army terminated the Land Warrior program due to competing priorities and total ownership cost concerns, it became clear that the need for such systems still exists. The Army defined the path forward with the future ‘Ground Soldier System’ (GSS). The first increment of GSS is the GSE, focusing on improving battle command and situational awareness.
The system improves situational awareness and network connectivity capabilities of dismounted leaders at various echelon levels within a brigade combat team. Employing mature technologies, that when integrated together on the Soldier, minimize the size, weight and power impacts to the soldier. The system will be designed as modular kits, enabling the user to tailor it for specific mission requirements, better balancing combat load configuration, and streamlining maintenance.
The companies selected for the technology development phase are expected to submit 10 system prototypes by the end of the year. These kits will include displays, computers, user input devices, navigation systems, antennas and cabling harnesses. Each of the contractors will deliver 60 additional systems through the ‘refinement phase’ to support ‘Limited User Test’ (LUT) by the Army, leading to the final selection of the system by early 2011.
Initially, the system will utilize three different man-portable radio sets. A digital data networking will be supported by an Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) RT-1922 while combat-net communication to platoon, battalion and higher will be supported by the Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio AN-PRC-148. Intra-squad communications and position reporting from squad members to their leader will be provided by GPS embedded SFF-C(V1) Rifleman Radio, to be distributed to all squad members. At a later phase, the set will be upgraded through planned product improvement process, introducing JTRS Small Form Factor (SFF) radio replacing both EPLRS and AN-PRC-148 with a single voice/data set.
The computer system will run on core Army Battle Command software and Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade-And-Below (FBCB2) modules to generate and update the situational picture, blue force tracking (BFT), planning and reporting. The use of common software modules will ensure the GSE maintains interoperability with evolving Army digital network standards and capabilities. The low-power data processor will utilize an embedded multi-speed computer to extend field operation. It will be integrated with hands-free color VGA (800 x 600) resolution display and controlled from a hand-held data input device, display and controller. The computer will run a secure LINUX operating system with graphical user interface, running database, mapping, navigation, user authentication, and digital voice/data transmissions.
GSE will be powered by High capacity lithium-ion battery (rechargeable) LI-145 or LI-80. The Army has already decided to use Aereo of the 3M group and the Norwegian company NACRE, developer of the QuietPro+ combat hearing protection and earphone products.
One of the companies receiving the development contract, Rockwell Collins have formed a teaming agreement with Boeing and Elbit Systems of America, to establish ‘Team Spartan’ to compete for the program. As part of the team,
Elbit Systems of America will leverage its global soldier systems experience and lessons learned in rugged military computing technologies, including the battle-proven, soldier-worn Dominator computing system developed for the Israel Defense Force (IDF), to bring required computing capability to the program. Wearable computing platforms developed by the company support mission planning, situational awareness, target handling and device connectivity, as well as video and map displays.
The U.S. Defense Department will take a “hard look” at whether the U.S. Marine Corps’ really needs the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) being developed by General Dynamics Land Systems (NYSE:GD). Development of the EFV began in 1996. The corps initially planned to buy 1,025 EFVs at a total cost of $8.5 billion. As the vehicle’s cost increased to $13.5 billion, the planned procurement was trimmed to 593 vehicles in 2007.
Addressing a military audience at the U.S. Naval War College today (April 17, 2009) Defense Secretary Robert Gates, said the Pentagon will take a realistic view of the need for combat amphibious landing in future conflicts. Reexamination of the need for EFV would be part of the planned quadrennial review Gates said.
General Dynamics Land Systems EFV Undergoing testing at the US Marine Corps.
The Marine Corps was depending on the EFV to provide its future ship-to-shore combat amphibious capability, replacing its aging AAV-7 amphibious armored personnel carriers. The introduction of the EFV was part of the Marine Corps armored transport modernization plan – a proposed vehicle triad supporting future combat capabilities. The fully amphibious EFV is designed to carry 18 marines from ship to shore, providing fire support with automatic cannon capable of engaging targets at 2,000 meters. The second tier will be provided by the Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC), a non-amphibious wheeled vehicle, capable of transporting and supporting eight marines in combat. The third vehicle in the triad is the highly maneuverable, wheeled Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) capable of transporting four to six marines.
Metal Storm completed an endurance firing test launching 200 of its 40mm STORM40 ammunitions using its 3GL grenade launcher. Following the successful test, the company expects to begin production of the 3GL in 2010. The company has also completed design verification testing for its newly launched GLH1851 Multi-shot Accessory Underbarrel Launcher (MAUL).
MAUL being introduced at the Joint Services Small Arms System Symposium in Las Vegas, Nevada. Photo: Metal Storm
The recent endurance test followed successful firing tests of the 3GL earlier in 2009. According to Metal Storm Chief Engineer David Pashen, a single weapon was used continuously throughout the test, firing Metal-Storm patented three-stacked ammunitions, demonstrating good results for the weapon and ammunition. “We used a single 3GL that was not cleaned throughout the test” he said. “The ammunition and weapon … maintained a constant velocity for 200 firings without any adverse effects.” Said Pashen. “Metal Storm could now build on the results and complete the full qualification of the ammunition.” said Pashen. “Firing 200 rounds in stacks of three demonstrates that this system has reached levels of maturity and reliability that had not been previously demonstrated by the company” he said.
In April 2009 Metal Storm completed an endurance firing test launching 200 of its 40mm STORM40 ammunitions using its 3GL grenade launcher. Photo: Metal Storm
Loaded with the three-stack ammunition, 3GL offers a unique advantage of being the only 40mm launcher which is light and compact enough to attach as an accessory to an assault rifle, while also providing a three-shot, semi-automatic firing capability. According to Dr Lee Finniear, CEO of Metal Storm Ltd., this feature provides users a critical advantage in an opening of an engagement; “in the first few seconds a squad equipped with 3GLs can unleash three times the number of 40mm grenades on the enemy. Whether in a planned attack, or in response to an ambush by the enemy, this firepower can be the decisive element in winning the firefight and saving our soldiers lives.” Finniear said.
The MAUL is an ultra-light shotgun attachment that fits under the barrel of an individual combat weapon including the M-4 and M-16 rifles (as an accessory it is designated GLH1851). Traditionally soldiers have carried separate weapons to perform door-breaching and less lethal force missions. The MAUL allows both missions to be performed by a single weapon system with minimal weight overhead. This battery powered weapon was originally developed to provide door-breaching capability with standard assault weapons. However, the 12 gauge MAUL is capable of firing a range of both lethal and less-lethal munitions. Constructed from carbon fibre with a steel barrel, MAUL weighs only 1.8 pounds. Because there is no conventional mechanical action, the weapon exhibits superior performance over other 12 gauge guns and operates over a wider range of climatic conditions. The MAUL attaches to the weapon’s Picatinny rail and is bore sight aligned to the host gun sighting system.
The weapon can be used independently, or attached to an assault rifle. Photo: Metal Storm
“The MAUL was conceived with a great deal of influence from the US operational community” said MSI General Manager Peter D. Faulkner, “We were consistently told that weight should be at the top of our design priorities. At 1.8 pounds, we think we have set the bar for a five shot semi-automatic shotgun.” Although the MAUL is capable of firing a range of lethal and less lethal munitions, Mr Faulkner said Metal Storm is seeing a particularly strong interest in less lethal applications from military, security and law enforcement communities. “The MAUL readily adapts to the unique aspects of urban operations with a range of traditional and specialty capabilities to include standoff door breaching and neuro-muscular incapacitation,” he said. “With the MAUL’s quick-load munition tubes an operator can instantly reconfigure his weapon to suit the mission.” The company displayed the MAUL at the Joint Services Small Arms System Symposium in Las Vegas, Nevada (May 20, 2009) as an accessory to the M4 as well as a stand-alone version with a folding shoulder stock.
Traditionally soldiers have carried separate weapons to perform door-breaching and less lethal force missions. The MAUL allows both missions to be performed by a single weapon system with minimal weight overhead. Image: Metal-Storm
The MAUL testing culminated in a series of shoulder firings at Metal Storm’s test facilities in Chantilly, Virginia USA on Friday, 24 April 2009. For the MAUL testing, the weapon was integrated onto an M4 rifle and shoulder fired using 12 gauge Blunt Impact rounds. These munitions are one of several rounds to be offered by Metal Storm for the MAUL. The weapon weighs 1.8 lbs, below the original design goal. “The MAUL is capable of firing munitions across the lethality spectrum and is attracting considerable interest within the international military and law enforcement communities.” mr. Finniear said.
The Boeing Company [NYSE: BA] is developing a new megawatt scale laser weapon for the U.S. Navy. This power level is considered essential for ship defense. The system will comprise a Free Electron Laser (FEL), which emits the high power electron beam shaped through a series of powerful magnetic fields, exiting the intense emission of laser light.
The FEL based weapon system is promising to transform future naval warfare capability by providing an ultra-precise, speed-of-light capability and unlimited magazine depth to defend ships against new, challenging threats, such as hyper-velocity cruise missiles. Furthermore, the future weapon could be employed in different levels, from non lethal to lethal effects. Other benefits of FEL include its ability to engage multiple targets at light speed, reduced dependency on explosive magazine, provide counter-surveillance at sea, flexible defense of the battle group, advanced maritime situational awareness and high-resolution imagery. FEL is expected to be deployed with the Navy’s future all-electric ship architecture.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is investing nearly $25 million in the FEL program during fiscal year 2009. In April, ONR awarded Raytheon and Boeing $6.9 million to complete the preliminary design of the electric-powered Free Electron Laser; additional $156 million are earmarked or the system’s development and demonstration in realistic tests at sea. Boeing will partner with U.S. Department of Energy laboratories, academia and industry partners to design the laser. According to the Navy’s request the weapon class FEL demonstrator will be a 100kW device, designed to operate at the 1.6 micron near infrared (NIR). A follow-on Megawatt class FEL could be an element of the full fledged weapon system test bed to follow the current development, that would include a beam director, beam control and fire control elements for eventual introduction into the Fleet.
Boeing’s FEL research dates back to the early 1980s; “we believe this technology is now ready to move from the laboratory to a prototype suitable for testing,” said Ed Pogue, Boeing FEL program manager. FEL is part of Boeing’s expanding stable of directed energy laser weapon programs which also include the Airborne Laser (ABL), Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL), the High Energy Laser Technology Demonstrator (HELLAD), Laser Avenger, the Re-deployable High Energy Laser System and the Tactical Relay Mirror System.
EADS announced the reorganization of its military transport activities, absorbing its formerly independent military transport aircraft division (MTAD) into Airbus Industries, to be operated as a new Airbus business unit. The new unit called “Airbus Military” is based in Spain, will be accountable for all military activities within Airbus, employing about 5,000 people. The A400M program now falls under the full and sole responsibility of Domingo Ureña, the new Head of Airbus Military. “I am fully committed to get the A400M back on track again” Said Ureña.
Airbus Military unit is in charge of all EADS military transport aircraft, ranging from the small CN-235 and C-295 transport aircraft, to the multi role tanker transport (MRTT) based on the Airbus A330, as well as the development (and future production of) A400M. As an integral unit of Airbus, it will also be responsible of future derivatives of Airbus civil aircraft. Airbus Military will continue to provide support and services to customers and operators.
The new unit will be operated as a profit center, it is expected to be more efficient and streamlined. Clear and unified command lines will be implemented. EADS expects that the new structure will benefit from better access to Airbus’ industrial and engineering resources. This action has followed the EADS Board decision of December 2008. “Building civil and military aircraft under one roof supports our Airbus’ Vision 2020 to be a top-performing enterprise. The integration strengthens our military business by providing the right capabilities and structures to address the program challenges ahead, particularly those of the A400M,” said Airbus President and CEO Tom Enders. “Operational synergies at development and industrial level for both civil and military transport aircraft will be fully explored, while at the same time safeguarding and leveraging Airbus Military’s specific capabilities.” The company communiqué said.
Brazil is currently shopping for 28 single-seaters and eight twin-seaters. The primary mission is air defense, with a secondary ground-attack role. Initial deliveries are expected in 2014 with the total program spanning over 11 years. Eventually, 115 to 120 aircraft could be bought and assembled in country. Brazil hasn’t asked for the bidder’s consideration for the follow-on production, but some of the companies have already endorsed this option.
Brazil is expected to announce its final decision by late August. Each of the proposed fighters has its own benefits and drawbacks but none are expected to present a decisive factor in the Brazilian decision. Technology transfer, benefit to Brazil’s local industry and economy and local assembly and production could become the critical decision points and considered to be the crucial factors paving the bidder’s way to success.
In this field, France and Sweden are considered stronger than Russia and the USA. Russia is willing to give a lot, including local production of complete aircraft under license; however, the SU-35 is considered a high risk venture, particularly in retrospect of the Indian experience with their SU-30MKI model. The Russians are promising the development of their fighter is progressing well and expect initial deliveries 2011 to customers in South America, Southeast Asia, Africa and the Middle East. On the positive side, Su-35 is considered the most maneuverable, powerful, most robust and flexible multi-role platform, comparable only to the American Boeing F/A-18E/F. the Russians are offering local production of their aircraft, and, as always, are always open to introduce customer furnished avionics and systems with their fighter.
Boeing is also proposing generous terms, and, according to Lt. Gen. Glenn Spears, deputy commander of U.S. Southern Command, the U.S. government has assured and approved everything in this package for technology transfer to Brazil. However, packaging these technologies for local production could become an issue with Washington. On the other hand, the U.S. could provide Brazil and particularly Embraer, with the largest business potential, particularly with a large company such as Boeing.
France is doing its best to support the Rafale, and, considering its past performance with aircraft, helicopters, submarines and surface vessels, Paris has a fair chance of winning this competition. “The [French] government is ready to agree to transfer technology on the Rafale program, as well as the Eurocopter EC 725 helicopter, if the combat jet is selected by the Brazilian Air Force” Said Jean-Marie Bockel, Secretary of State for Defence and Veterans Affairs in the French Government.
Sweden is also well positioned. While their Gripen NG is not yet in production, and has never been produced out of Sweden, “The Gripen NG offer is fully compliant and will be a complete solution for Brazil,” assured Gripen Campaign Director for Brazil, Bengt Janér. Saab also indicated that the company fully supports tech-transfer, which have become mandatory in recent programs (India). The Swedes argue that as the Gripen NG is currently positioned could become attractive for Brazil’s participation in the development and shaping of the new fighter as well as its future production. “The transfer of the Technology will also allow full involvement in future capability development supplying Brazil strategic long term national security and technology superiority. “Gripen NG will provide a long term partnership between Brazil and Sweden in a well established fighter program that continues to develop. Gripen will maintain its position at the cutting edge of technology for the next 30-40 years”, says Saab CEO Mr. Åke Svensson.
The planned production of 50 Eurocopter EC725 helicopters, soon to begin at its Brazilian subsidiary Helibras new assembly line Itajubá in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil will lead to Helibras doubling its staff strength to that of 600 persons with a reinforced engineering centre. So far Eurocopter has established a strong presence in Latin America, through three subsidiaries in Brazil, Mexico and Chile employing about 500 people. Being the only helicopter manufacturer with production facilities in Latin America, Eurocopter has about a thousand helicopters in service in the continent. The AStar/Ecureuil model is made in Brazil (known as Esquilo) and the new EC725 will be ready soon. Initial deliveries for the Navy are expected next year (2010). Subsequent deliveries are planned for the Air Force and Army. Initial export orders are also coming – the Mexican Ministry of Defense has ordered six EC725s in March 2009.
Another element of the Brazilian EC725 program is the integrated training and logistics support. At LAAD Eurocopter is introducing the first flight simulator for the EC725 helicopter, which will also become the first helicopter flight simulator ‘flying’ in Latin America. The new flight simulator, to be installed in Rio de Janeiro will be operational in two years. According to Eurocopter President Lutz Bertling, his company is investing significant effort in simulator development “Eurocopter’s strategy is to develop its support and services activity and to promote a proactive pilot training policy” stated Bertling, “Over the last few months, we have introduced numerous simulators for the EC225 in France, the EC135 in Germany and the United States, and the NH90 in Germany. The forthcoming introduction of the EC725 simulator in Brazil and in Malaysia will broaden our offer and meet the expectations of our customers in this growing area of strategic importance.
Upgrades Embraer has signed a US$140 million contract to modernize a dozen Skyhawk jet fighters operated by the Brazilian Navy. These include nine AF-1 single-seat fighters and three AF-1A (two-seat) fighter-trainers. This contract is the first large scale program Embraer has won wit the Brazilian Navy. The Navy currently has an inventory of 23 AF-1 Skyhawks. It followed two successful fighter modernization programs Embraer had with the Brazilian Air Force jets – upgrades of F-5BR fighters and A-1 AMX light attack jets. The 12 naval airplanes that will be modernized will be fully restored to flight condition, to operating with the Navy’s 1st Intercept and Attack Plane Squadron. The program includes restoring the aircraft and their current systems, as well as implementing new avionics, radar, power production, and autonomous oxygen generating systems.
Embraer has signed a US$1.3 billion contract with the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) for the KC-390 military transport aircraft program. In a ceremony held yesterday (April 14) at the LAAD exhibition the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) and Brazil’s aerospace manufacturer Embraer launched the KC-390 medium weight transport aircraft program. The new jet, will replace some 22 Lockheed Martin C-130E/H and KC-130 transport aircraft currently in service with FAB. Like the Hercules, the new transporter will have a cargo bay equipped with an aft ramp capable of carrying about 18 tons of cargo. It will be capable of transporting a wide variety of types of cargo, including armored vehicles. The aircraft will also be configurable for aerial refueling missions. Unlike most current turboprop powered transporters, KC-390 will be powered by two turbofan engines. The new aircraft is expected to enter service in 2015.
The company embarked on the preliminary development of a future medium weight cargo plane in 2007. Frederico Fleury Curado, Embraer President & CEO described the program as a ‘historical strategic partnership’ between the Brazilian Air Force and Embraer, and affirmed his conviction that this “cargo and tanker aircraft for the FAB … shall also become another successful export platform for both Embraer and Brazil.” He indicated that the participation of other countries in this program will be evaluated, in conjunction with the FAB.
The development of KC-390 is based on requirements established by the Air Force, following a process that has been proven to be a successful business formula for Embraer, with earlier programs including the Bandeirante EMB-110 light transport and maritime patrol aircraft, and the Tucano trainer and Super Tucano trainers and light attack aircraft. The conversion of Embraer’s ERJ-145 jet transports to special mission aircraft also originated from a similar cooperation. These aircraft are operated as aerial surveillance and remote sensor platforms, used in the Amazon Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância da Amazônia – SIVAM).
The event was attended by the Minister of Defense, Nelson Jobim, Chief of the Navy, Admiral Júlio Soares de Moura Neto, the Brazilian Air Force Commander, General Juniti Saito, and Embraer President & CEO Frederico Fleury Curado.
The vehicle can accommodate a crew of two has a load capacity of about one ton (2,200 pounds), far exceeding similar ATVs currently operational. One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the ability to operate it with basic armor protection, maintaining adequate payload capacity. Photo: via UK MOD
Enhanced Protection Systems Ltd. (EPS) from the U.K. has been awarded a £7m contract (about $10.3 million) to fit, deliver and support 75 Springer type all-terrain light load carriers (also known as MULEs). These vehicles are based on the Israeli designed, U.S. built Tomcar all-terrain vehicle (ATV) platform. All vehicles are expected to be delivered by mid-summer and be refitted to support British troops operating in Afghanistan. According to the Ministry of Defence, the Springers will support airborne and light infantry units in landing zones, moving combat supplies from helicopter landing sites into British forward operating bases.
The vehicle can accommodate a crew of two has a load capacity of about one ton (2,200 pounds), far exceeding similar ATVs currently operational. One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the ability to operate it with basic armor protection, maintaining adequate payload capacity. Photo: via UK MOD
The vehicle can accommodate a crew of two has a load capacity of about one ton (2,200 pounds), far exceeding similar ATVs currently operational. One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the ability to operate it with basic armor protection, maintaining adequate payload capacity. The British vehicle shown above is the two-seater version.
The Tomcar was originally designed as a recreational vehicle but in past years was thoroughly modified to meet tough military requirements of the hot, high deserts of the Middle east, Asia and Africa. Every vehicle is fitted with a roll cage and cargo flatbed, and is configured for two or four seats. The Tomcar also comes with a choice of petrol or diesel engines. Israel is utilizing Tomcars modified into unmanned patrol vehicles, employed as unmanned and autonomous border patrols. The Israeli company that developed the autonomous vehicle control system is offering the system as a modification kit that could convert the Springer into an optionally driven/autonomous vehicle.
Tomcar is offering its military configured all terrain vehicle in three versions - the light armored vehicle (LAV - picture above) Light Surveillance and Reconnaissance vehicle (LRSV) and an unmanned ground vehicle. Photo: Tomcar USA.
After a long delay the Brazilian Army APC replacement program is moving forward, with the formal unveiling of the ‘Armored Personnel Carrier – Medium’ (VBTP-MR) full scale mockup at the Latin-America Aerospace & Defense (LAAD) exhibition taking place in Rio de Janeiro this week. The vehicle is positioned to replace the country’s indigenous 6×6 armored vehicles, including the EE-9 Cascavel (rattlesnake) armed reconnaissance vehicle and EE-11 Urutu (serpent) APC, both developed during the 1970s by Brazil’s domestic armored vehicle manufacturer Engesa, one of the main suppliers to the Iraqi Army, that entered bankruptcy in 1993, after the elimination of their primary client – the Saddam Hussein’s army, in Operation Desert Storm 1991. Engesa finally closed shop in 2001 leaving thousands of vehicles operated by armies in Brazil, other Latin American countries and third world armies worldwide, leaving all with no spares and support.
Since the final collapse of Engesa the Brazilian Army has been seeking a solution to modernize and replace its aging and unsupported armored vehicles. Through a lengthy process that was cancelled in 2005 due to lack of funding, the Army selected the Italian company Iveco to design, develop and produce a new 6×6 18 ton, diesel powered platform, capable of amphibious operation. It is designed to carry 11 soldiers, and is equipped with a remotely operated gun turret mounting 30mm automatic cannon or 12.7mm machine gun. (The Cascavel currently mounts a manned turret with 90mm Cockeril Mk III cannon). Eying potential rapid deployments in support of peacekeeping operations, which provide a significant source of income for third world countries, the VBTP-MR is sized to meet the limited cargo bay of C-130 type aircraft. A first prototype will be built by Iveco and be ready for testing next year (2010). 16 additional vehicles are planned to be built by 2011 and followed by further procurement decisions to be announced later by the Brazilian army.
Main Armament to Comprise an Israeli Unmanned Turret
Along with the unveiling of the new VBTP-MR, Israel’s Elbit Systems announced the conclusion of an order from the Brazilian Army, to provide its UT-30 unmanned turrets for the new family of Brazilian APCs. The turret is delivered as a complete system, incorporating automatic cannon up to 30mm, a coaxial machine gun 7.62 mm, a Laser Warning System (LWS), commander panoramic sights and smoke grenade launchers. The gun and optronics are stabilized in dual axes and the sight integrates an automatic target tracker, improving firing on the move and engagement of moving targets. The signed contract covers the first phase of the program, with additional orders expected under a follow-on multi-year procurement. In total, the VBTP-MRs will replace the entire fleet of Brazil’s domestically produced wheeled AFVs currently comprising over 600 vehicles.
The UT-30 remotely operated weapon station mounted on a Piranha IV armored vehicle. A similar system was selected by the Brazilian Army. Photo: General Dynamics Land Systems / Mowag
The BirdEye 400 UAV was developed by IAI and has been delivered to a number of international customers. It employs a clean 'flying wing configuration, and uses the MicroPop electro-optical payload, delivering high quality imagery from low altitude. The BirdEye 400 is powered by a quiet electric motor and uses a unique landing system, as it makes an inverted approach to protect the sensitive payload. (photo: IAI)
An unprecedented arms package agreed between Israel and Russia could open the gate for the transfer of advanced Israeli military systems and technologies to improve and upgrade Russian made military hardware. The current package worth about $50 million covers three classes of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), including training, field sustainment and technical support, to be provided by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). The initial deal may offer options that could double the volume of the sale up to $100 million and cover up to 100 aerial vehicles and 10 ground control systems. Initially Russia was impressed by the performance of Elbit Systems’ Hermes-450 UAS operated by Georgia, during last year’s campaign, however, it is unclear whether they opted for the IAI systems by choice, or because the transfer of Hermes 450 technology was denied by the Israelis.
The Russian Ministry of Defense delegation which visited Israel last year to discuss the deal, may have paved the way for concluding the present breakthrough. The mission was headed by the Chief of the Armament for the Russian Armed Forces, Deputy Minister of Defense, Army General Vladimir Popovkin (in picture) and Deputy Chief of Staff, Minister Alexander Gorbunov, responsible for the defense industry. This visit was viewed as an important breakthrough in the bilateral relations between the two countries, particularly relevant to Russia’s attitude toward Iran, which has become a growing customer for Russian military hardware but is also considered a potential threat to Moscow’s interests in the South. It can be assumed therefore that while the Israelis were reluctant to give the Russians access to technologies considered vital to their national security, systems of lesser concern could be discussed. While the Hermes 450 is the mainstay of Israel’s tactical UAS forces and has provided the baseline for the British Watchkeeper UAV program, the Searcher II is considered less sensitive, as it has already withdrawn from active service with the IDF and has been offered in the surplus market. The Bird-Eye 400 could also be considered as non critical technology, as it is not used by the IDF. The I-View, previously selected for Australia’s tactical UAV program (which was recently cancelled) is also looking for a new start and Russia could become important for the system’s future. IAI is marketing the I-View in several countries, in North America and Asia as well as in Israel, where another derivative of the system is competing for the future IDF brigade level UAV.
The BirdEye 400 UAV was developed by IAI and has been delivered to a number of international customers. It employs a clean 'flying wing configuration, and uses the MicroPop electro-optical payload, delivering high quality imagery from low altitude. The BirdEye 400 is powered by a quiet electric motor and uses a unique landing system, as it makes an inverted approach to protect the sensitive payload. (photo: IAI)The I-View UAS family is comprised of three types of UAVs, the I-View 250, I-View 150 and I-View 50. This system is optimized for operation at the tactical level (regiment, brigade and division) and requires minimum logistical footprint for operations, takeoff or landing. (Photo: Defense Update)
What are the Russians Expecting?
The Russians are buying three different systems under the $50 million deal, meaning they are receiving a full portfolio of ‘samples’ systems, ranging from mini-UAVs to tactical UAVs. All three are fully developed and according to IAI, two of the systems (BirdEye 400 and Searcher II) are already operational. The third – the I-View 150 is still under development. It is yet unclear if the Russians have options to add the Heron Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV system in the future. The Heron is currently used by a number of international operators, including India, Turkey, France and Canada. The Searcher II is also internationally operated by several clients including India, Singapore and Spain. Israel has already transferred military systems to former CIS republics like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Georgia, but Russia has neither requested, nor been approved to become a customer for Israeli military hardware. The Russians interest in the Israeli unmanned systems capability evolved after their conflict with Georgia, in which the Georgians operated Elbit Systems’ Hermes UAV. Russians after-action reports clearly identified their ISR capabilities, rendered by Unmanned Aerial Systems, performing as insufficient and inferior compared to the capabilities the Georgians gained through their UAV operations.
The UAS packages includes sensitive technologies that Israel would be reluctant to disclose to the Russians, particularly mission control protocols, communications, and avionics. However, at present the Russians are interested primarily in catching up with basic requirements; technical priorities and concepts of operations (CONOPS), and transferring such know-how and skills were probably the least the Israelis could live with. Russian Deputy Defense Minister in charge of military procurement, Vladimir Popovkin confirmed the acquisition of Israeli UAVs hinting to the Russian intentions. “We will work on them (the Israeli systems) like the Chinese do” alluding to the known Chinese habit of buying ‘technology samples’ used primarily for reverse engineering. Russia’s military requirement for UAV is estimated at a minimum 100 UAVs platforms and at least ten ground control systems, providing effective battlefield reconnaissance for divisional level in support of any military conflict.
Russian UAS Technology – More Time is Needed
Anticipating these needs, the Russian Air Force and Army have already launched a number of UAV developments. Air Force Commander, Col. Gen. Alexander Zelin said last year that Russia would deploy advanced unmanned aerial vehicles with a flight range of up to 400 kilometers (250 miles) and a flight duration capability of up to 12 hours by 2011. General Staff chief Nikolai Makarov also confirmed the acquisition of Israeli UAS being considered a ‘stop gap’ solution, until home made systems will catch up with a reasonable level of this technology. The General Staff has decided that while we don’t have such drones, over the next two to three years, we will buy them from Israel” said Makarov.
According to Russian sources, the Russian built UAVs, both fixed- and rotary-wing configurations, will be supporting land, air and naval forces. While aerial platforms for these systems are within reach of Russian aerospace industries, delivering complete systems, packed with the automation, autonomy, mission planning and timely delivery of ISR products seem still years away. The two UAV systems currently operational with the Russian armed forces, which have been used in action during the summer war in Georgia and Ossetia included the piston-engine propelled PCHELA-1T and turbo-jet powered REIS-D high speed low-altitude tactical drone, both being outdated systems, developed in the 1970-1980s.
An example of Russian UAVs technology is the Tipchak system developed by the Lutch Design Bureau. According to Mr Popovkin, the drone was operational during the recent fighting with Georgia, but had demonstrated many problems, among them a distinct acoustic signature audible from long distance, which, coupled with the low ceiling, yielded high vulnerability to ground fire. The developers are currently working on a new-generation Tipchak, expected to be delivered in about three years.
Developed to support artillery brigades with long range target acquisition, Tipchak is being considered for battlefield reconnaissance as well. The new Russian UAV weighs 132 pounds, has a payload of 32 pounds and can stay in the air for two hours per sortie.
The Tipchak can operate as high as 10,000 feet. The drone carries a day/night camera payload. It has an operational range of 40 km and mission endurance of about two hours. Developed to support artillery brigades with long range target acquisition, is being considered for battlefield reconnaissance as well. The Tipchak weighs 132 pounds, has a payload of 32 pounds and can stay in the air for two hours per sortie.
It is evident that the amount of the first transaction is not impressive – about $ 50 million but, according to experts, its importance is not the quantity but the very fact of Russian military customers turn to foreign suppliers and especially Israel.
Years of Cooperation Paved the Way for the Current Sale
It is not the modernization needs of the Russian military, or the export prospecst that interest the israelis, but the potential transfer of the most advanced Russian air defense system to Iran that seems to be the prime motivation behind the Israeli, so far reluctant decision to approve the UAV deal with Moscow. Israel repeatedly asked Russia to block the transfer of S-300 systems to Iran. While Moscow approved the sales package requested by Tehran, actual delivery of the system has not been cleared yet. It is highly doubtful whether the Russians will take the $50 million deal with Israel even as a free gift, instead of selling their expensive air defense missiles to the Iranians, under a multi-billion dollar arms package. It is more likely that the Israeli-Russian deal means more to both sides.
Many defense companies in Israel are involved with the upgrading of aging Russian made equipment. These include MiG-21, MiG-27 and MiG-29, Su-25 and Su-30, and a wide variety of helicopters, such as the Mi-24/35, Mi-8/17. Israeli companies are also involved in the avionics systems installed in derivatives of Russian jet trainers, namely the Alenia Aermacchi 346.
The Israelis are also heavily engaged in upgrades of Russian made armored vehicles, including T-62, T-72, T-84 and T-90 tanks, BMP armored infantry fighting vehicles, ZSu-23/4, and amphibious vehicles. So far Russia was reluctant to approve such upgrades and threatened potential customers that such unilateral actions will waive the warranty for their systems. Russia also tries to block such programs by denying critical components, such as engines and other systems, driving the upgrade’s cost to uneconomical levels.
By establishing closer links to the Russians, IAI has always managed to avoid direct confrontation with the Russians. Testimony to this approach is the tri-national deal struck with the Indian Government, where India received Israeli airborne early warning radars installed on Russian made IL-76MD transports. The Israelis are quietly marketing avionics systems for military aircraft upgrades, and even consider providing weapon systems integration on Russian produced fighters, as long as such activities are undertaken by trustworthy proxies. Another system being considered is an Israeli phased array radar technology, to be used for the improvement of a Russian fighter bid. The fact that two of the largest potential prospects for Russian military aviation, the MMRCA in India and F-X in Brazil, are open and eager to consider Israeli technology is clear to the Russians, anxious to reach parity with the most advanced systems the west can offer. IAI and Russian aerospace companies have already cooperated in the past, in the modification of the Ka-52 Alligator helicopter gunship, proposed for the Turkish helicopter gunship program, and in the upgrade of Ka-32 helicopters delivered to the South Korean Navy.
While integrating Israeli technologies in Russian systems might provide the Russians with clear benefits, particularly regarding their presently deficient technological level, the potential economical benefit for Israel is questionable, in retrospect of sensitive technological leakage to its enemies and, the risk of training the Russian engineers in advanced technologies. These are known to be masters of re-engineering, during the days of the Cold War with the west. Offering clients the possibility to upgrade Russian systems, partially with Israeli systems could even encourage some users of the Russian hardware to delay potential withdrawal from service of Russian made systems, enabling Russian defense industries to ‘catch up’ with the west, and offering better solutions in the future. As an example, Russian solutions were not even considered when India opted to replacing its Russian built SA-3 and SA-8 systems.
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Some of this week's highlights include:
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