Following over 2,000 lab and field tests the Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) under development at General Dynamics Robotic Systems for the U.S. Army has passed the Critical Design Review milestone in March 2010 and is moving to prototype fabrication phase, toward integration and initial testing on a prototype Armed Robotic Vehicle (ARV) in 2011. The Army’s future robotic platforms and the seven Manned Ground Vehicles (MGV), as part of the Future Combat Systems (FCS) program, the $237 ANS program has sofar survived the termination of the FCS and is fully funded through 2013.
Originally destined for integration into the Army’s future robotic platforms and the seven Manned Ground Vehicles (MGV), as part of the Future Combat Systems (FCS) program, the $237 ANS program has sofar survived the termination of the FCS and is fully funded through 2013. This capability could introduce ‘transformational’ capabilities with future combat vehicles, empowering conventional vehicles or future, robotic platforms with unmanned, and autonomous operating modes. The ANS CDR is among the first in a series of critical Increment 2 reviews underway for the Army’s Brigade Combat Team (BCT) Modernization program.
The ANS system integrates a suite of sensors processors and actuators enabling automotive platforms to conduct autonomous navigation, perform area perception, path-planning and vehicle-following functions operating as unmanned ground vehicles, or optionally manned vehicles, allowing vehicles to move on the battlefield with minimal human oversight. Among the tasks the system already performed in tests are ‘move-on-route’, ‘obstacle detection and avoidance’ and ‘leader/follower’ capabilities in both day and night conditions.
Mr. Larry Hennebeck, Assistant Product Manager ANS explained the suite’s sensors comprise three types – video, Laser Radar (LADAR) and milimeter-wave sensors. The video cameras provide the eyes of the systems, with multiple cameras covering a wide field with three-dimensional stereo-vision, viewing fore and aft. LADARs are also pointed fore and aft, creating a 3D image of the secene while the milimeter-wave sensors indicating distance and closing speed to obstacles. Sensor feeds are processed through a ‘super computer on a board’. Five such boards are crunching the data at a ‘terraflop’ rate, fusing all ‘senses’ into a situational picture providing the system a perception of the scene, enabling the machine to plot the optimal route along the preplanned waypoints, where the least obstacles are encountered, while conforming to the directions and commands set by the user, guiding the vehicle’s next action and proceeds. The system has already been tested on vehicles including Strykers, the MULE Engeneering Evaluation Units, and Light Medium Tactical Vehicles (LMTV). Once matured, ANS system are expected to cost around $300,000 and be integrated into many combat and combat support vehicles, enabling driverless operations of manned or unmanned vehicles.
The U.S. Army is enhancing the RQ-7B Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aircraft Systems (TUAS) with a wing replacement kit extending the wing span of the RQ-7 from 4.26 (14 ft) to 6 meters (20 ft). The larger wing increases the size of the aircraft’s fuel cell, extending its endurance by 50% to nine hours. The redesigned wing also includes hard points for external stores. The enhanced UAV will be capable of carrying almost twice the weight of the current drone, increasing payload capacity from 60 to 110 lbs. The enhanced Shadow is carrying more fuel and more payloads internally. The standard gimbaled EO ball is being enhanced with the integration of a laser designator. Additional hardware includes a communications relay and standardized Tactical Common Data-Link (LCDL). In addition, new lightweight weapons or QuickMEDs style aerial delivery pods will be carried underwing.
Photo Credit: Jim Christner/AAI Corporation
The Shadow fleet update program, also introduces new wiring harness and software modifications required to operate new multi-sensor payload systems comprising a laser designator payload. The enhances Shadow also employs a new electronic fuel injection engine and fuel system, increasing the system’s reliability under the wide range of environmental conditions encountered by fielded Shadow systems.
Sofar the Army and the Marine Corps have ordered 115 Shadow systems. 76 systems have been fielded — 69 to the Army and seven to the Marine Corps. Under the current fleet enhancement program AAI is delivering 100 wing sets for the Shadow fleet update program. The company is also offering further enhanced variant known as Shadow 7C, equipped with larger fuselage and wings, and powered by a diesel engine, increasing payload capacity to 500 pounds. This variant could be fielded by 2014, if the Army decides to fund the program.
The US Army Aviation is looking into potential weapons that can be loaded on the Shadow and operated with its current POP 300D laser designator payload multi-sensor system. Such weapons should be able to engage stationary and moving targets such as light vehicles and dismounted combatants in day and night conditions with low collateral damage when launched from a Shadow UAS flying at speeds of 60-70 knots and between 5,000 and 12,000 feet Above Ground Level (AGL). Terminal accuracy must be on the order of that demonstrated by currently fielded Semi Active Laser / Imaging Infrared / Millimeter Wave (SAL/IIR/MMW) weapon. The service is interested in mature technologies that can be fielded within 12 months of a contract award. The Army has set the weight threshold for these weapons at 25 lbs, therefore limiting most missile derivatives, except for the smallest ones such as Laser Spike and Griffin and free-fall ADM. The weight limit refers to the whole system including munition, launcher and associated wiring and interface.
Northrop Grumman and Bell Helicopter have teamed to demonstrate a new medium-range vertical unmanned system called ‘Fire-X’. This new UAV will be larger than the Fire-Scout currently produced by Northrop Grumman, utilizing the four-blade FAA-approved Bell-407 helicopter platform. The Fire-X will be capable of carrying payloads weighing up to 1.5 tons on missions extending over 14 hours. First flight of Fire-X is expected by the end of 2010. The development and demonstration program is being funded entirely by Northrop Grumman and Bell Helicopter. The new system also represents Northrop Grumman’s entry in an anticipated U.S. Navy competition in 2011 to demonstrate a new medium-range UAS.
Photo: Northrop Grumman
According to Gene Fraser, sector vice president and general manager for the Advanced Programs and Technology division of Northrop Grumman’s Aerospace Systems sector said “the Fire-X will be an affordable, fast-fielding system that delivers the maturity of the unmanned systems architecture developed by the U.S. Navy’s MQ-8B Fire Scout program, while giving military services the extra UAS cargo, payload and endurance they seek.” The companies unveiled the new initiative at the Navy League Sea-Air-Space Exposition.
Photo: Northrop Grumman
Fire-X will incorporate Fire Scout’s modular, field-proven architecture that accommodates a variety of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and communications payloads. It also provides complementary capabilities for missions that demand larger payloads (up to 3000 pounds), longer endurance (more than 14 hours) and robust cargo hauling (up to 2646 pounds external).
Fire-X is being designed to operate with nearly any type of current or future military standards-based control segment. It will communicate as easily with shipboard controllers using the Navy’s Tactical Control Station (TCS) as field commanders using the U.S. Army’s field-proven One System® ground control station.
Photo: Northrop Grumman
“Fire-X delivers what military planners want, and what war fighters need: a reliable, low-cost vertical unmanned system that’s versatile enough to support the diverse ISR, cargo, and communications requirements of land and sea forces, while being rugged and persistent enough to stay in the fight until the mission is complete” said Gene Fraser, sector vice president and general manager for the Advanced Programs and Technology division of Northrop Grumman’s Aerospace Systems sector. “The Fire-X system integrates Northrop Grumman’s proven unmanned systems know-how with a proven, FAA-certified helicopter airframe that’s been in service since 1996,” Frased added, “The result will be an affordable, fast-fielding system that delivers the maturity of the unmanned systems architecture developed by the U.S. Navy’s MQ-8B Fire Scout program, while giving military services the extra UAS cargo, payload and endurance they seek.”
The new VT-UAV will be equipped with ISR sensors matured with the current FireScout, with additional payloads offering military users enhanced cargo hauling, multiple payload configurations and extended endurance capabilities. For the first time, users will be able to perform missions that demand larger payloads of up to 3,000 pounds, flying missions up to 14 hours and hauling up to 2,646 pounds of external cargo. The Fire-X will be operated with standard-based control segment, including the Navy’s Tactical Control Station, and the U.S. Army’s One System ground control station. “The Fire-X demonstration will illustrate how a marriage of manned and unmanned technologies can increase the capability, reduce the risks, and extend the utility of commercially available helicopters.” Said Jeff Lowinger, executive vice president for engineering, Bell Helicopter.
Oshkosh Defense has introduced a new, high mobility, protected vehicle designed for border security. Oshkosh is unveiling the new ‘Tactical Protector Vehicle’ (TPV) at the Border Management Summit, held in Phoenix, Az. this month. The TPV is designed for superior maneuverability and speed, traveling in rough terrain and on road at speeds up to 75 mph. According to Jack Reiff, Oshkosh Corporation program director, Defense, the TPV offers a balanced combination of mobility, crew protection and payload to meet the tough requirements of law-enforcement and border security.
The vehicle can be customized for a variety of high-risk missions in places ranging from rural outposts to city streets. The TPV employs military-grade armor protection that meets or exceeds the highest-threat scenarios border security officers face. The vehicle offers NIJ Level IV protection, and is capable of stopping multi-hit, armor-piercing rounds. Other protection measures include high-energy-absorbing under-body armor, ballistic-steel roof and suspended-seat systems and run-flat tires, providing optimum safety and security for occupants and the vehicle.
The TPV footprint is more compact than other tactical vehicles used for border patrol. The vehicle carries up to eight people and is available with a payload capacity of 4,220 pounds. Based on a Ford F550 chassis shortened to a 295cm (116″) wheelbase, the TPV uses upgraded with heavy-duty suspension components for off-road mobility. The vehicle has a 6.4L V8, 325-hp engine and can reach a road speed of 120km/h (75 mph). The vehicle’s off-road mobility is enhanced with selectable four-wheel drive.
bstacle negotiation capability is also impressive for a vehicle of this size. With ground clearance of 330mm (13 inches) TPV has a 38-degree approach and 30-degree departure angle, enabling the vehicle to handle a vertical step of up to a 46 cm (18″) height. It can also handle up to 60-percent grades and 36-degree static side slopes. Front and rear winches aid in vehicle self-recovery in muddy terrain or deep snow.
The U.S. Army is recalling 44,000 Advanced Combat Helmets produced by the ArmorSource company (formerly Rabintex USA), after the Program Executive Office (PEO-Soldier) raised concerns about their ballistic protection. The case is currently being investigated by the Department of Justice. According to an All Army Activities message released May 14. “There is evidence that ArmorSource and Rabintex ACHs were produced using unauthorized manufacturing practices, defective materials and improper quality procedures which could potentially reduce ballistic and fragmentation protection.”
The Army ordered soldiers to inspect their helmets and turn in any helmet branded by ArmorSource. Army sources have indicated that this is a precautionary measure and that there are no records of combat injuries resulting from these helmets. The exact risk to soldiers wearing the recalled helmets is still being determined, the Army said. The recall constitutes about 4 percent of roughly one million ACHs currently in the Army’s inventory. The Army adopted the ACH design in 2002, replacing Personal Armor System for Ground Troops helmet (PASGT) helmet. ArmorSource was one of four companies selected to produce the ACH, and, by March 2009 the company has delivered the Army over 70,000 ACH helmets. Gentex Corporation, another manufacturer of the ACH faced a similar recall of 34,218 helmets last year. The other two manufacturers are BAE Systems and MSA.
Commenting on the Army announcement, ArmorSource said it received no notification of this recall from the government, and added they will cooperate fully with any governmental inquiries and are prepared to address the government’s concerns. The company stressed that all Advanced Combat Helmets distributed to the field were accepted by the government after they passed independent, government-approved quality and lot testing.
Army and the Marine Corps are working on the Enhanced Combat Helmet, a new generation of helmet made of a high-tech plastic rather than Kevlar. The Army and Marine Corps are currently evaluating an Enhanced Combat Helmet, (ECH) which will eventually replace the ACH. ArmorSource is one of the manufacturers developing the advanced design to be used exclusively by U.S. Armed Forces.. The new lightweight helmet will match or exceed the ballistic fragmentation resistance of current helmets offering a significant weight reduction of approximately 20%, which means above 0.5 pounds as compared to the older designs.
The US Air Force Research Laboratory has awarded a contract worth $13.1 million to Aero Mech Engineering, to deliver a new type of unmanned aerial vehicle optimized for route surveillance, spotting suspected IED locations along the operational routes in Afghanistan. Four of these stealthy looking drones, known as Sand Dragon, will be sent for field evaluation in Afghanistan as soon as they are completed toward the end of 2010.
The Sand Dragon will be based on Aero Mech’s Fury B flying wing drone, which was developed as a scalable platform. The air vehicle is designed with stealth capabilities in mind. Powered by a Cosworth heavy-fuel engine, the Fury B is designed to support missions where radar, visual, infra-red, and acoustic detection is to be avoided. Its payload will consist of a miniature dual-band radar and EO/IR sensor, collecting volumetric synthetic aperture radar (V-SAR) data from an aircraft circling and staring at an urban area and process it into real-time target tracks. Total payload weight will be around 45 lbs and its power consumption 500 watts.
This capability was requested by the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) for a relatively small UAS (Tier II class) capable of performing missions characteristic of much larger platforms, including operating multiple sensors for extended periods (over 24 hours), carrying a datalink covering ‘Beyond Line of Sight’ communications while simplifying operation, manning and support. Like the Fury B, Sand Dragon will be runway independent launch and recovery utilizing a rail catapult for takeoff. Part of AeroMech’s rapid delivery capability is based on the architecture of the Fury B system that utilizes the commercial CANBus architecture, allowing for ease of payload integration. The ground control system also utilizes the STANAG 4586 compliant Shark Fin mission control system, enabling intuitive control and mission planning in real time.
Addressing the growing demand for tactical, medium altitude long endurance (MALE) UAV platforms TAI (Turkish Aerospace Industries) has unveiled its latest UAV called TIHA. The new TIHA weighs 1,500 kg (Maximum takeoff weight) and has a wingspan of 17 meters. Configured to carry multiple payloads weighing up to 250 kg, the TIHA carries 250 kg of fuel, enabling a 24 hour mission missions at an altitude of 30,000 feet. The TIHA will be able to cruising at a speed of 250 knots.
The TIHA system is developed for day and night missions, providing real time image intelligence for surveillance_as well as detection, identification and tracking of fixed and moving targets.
The TIHA uses the locally developed ASELFLIR 300T payload developed by Aselsan. This payload includes a multi-sensor electro-optical system comprising a day TV, and Thermal Camera (IR-Infrared) / Laser Range Finder / Laser Designator (LRF/LD) and Laser Spotter. The TIHA also carries a Synthetic Aperture Radar / Moving Target Indicator (SAR/MTI) which also supports with Inverse SAR ISAR operating mode for maritime missions.
TIHA 1 Turkish MALE Drone
The airframe of the TIHA is a monocock fuselage built composites and coupled with detachable wing and V-Tail. It is powered by a pusher type piston engine driving a three-blade propeller. In addition to the recce version of the TIHA, the Turkish air force is interested in fielding the TIHA B, a larger version capable of carrying more than twice the payload (3.5 tons). This version, equipped with larger wings (20m wingspan) will be capable of carrying weapons, such as the weapons developed by Roketsan, including the laser guided rockets (CIRIT) and UMTAS Anti-Tank Missiles, both having a range of 8 km.
An artict concept showing the TIHA MALE UAV from Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI)
A new Israeli all-terrain vehicle is on display at Eurosatory 2010 for the first time. The vehicle, ‘Zibar Mk II’ is the second generation of the Zibar M, an all terrain light vehicle developed by Israel’s top off-road vehicle specialist Ido OffRoad Center (IORC). According to Ido Cohen, owner and chief designer of the vehicle, the company has received significant orders for the vehicle and is gearing to expand its production lines, by teaming with local companies for manufacturing and marketing of the Zibar. At the Eurosatory 2010 exhibition Zibar MkII is displayed at the booth of another Israeli company – Hatechof, which cooperates with IORC on the international marketing. The manufacturing of the vehicles will be done at Israel’s Automotive Industries (AIL) plant in Nazareth, where the Israeli Storm vehicles are produced.
Zibar with a ground surveillance platform
Sofar more than 20 Zibar vehicles are operational. One of the applications currently operational overseas is the Mobile Support Vehicle (MSV) offered by Aeronautics Defense Systems. The MSV takes advantage of Zibar’s extreme mobility, transporting a mast-mounted stabilized multi-sensor payload to locations inaccessible by other vehicles. MSV uses an eight-meter telescopic mast, concealed in the vehicle, carrying the stabilized multi-sensor payload or a scanning thermal imager (SPIDER), both delivered by Controp Precision Systems. Initial production versions of the MSV are operational with some desert patrol unit in Israel and by foreign paramilitary and security organizations. The new model Zibar MkII is slightly larger than the Zibar M and is standardized in several configurations – a standard double-cab, pick-up and long configurations accommodating four to six passengers. Current models are configured for security, VIP and military scout vehicles. The vehicle is designed for a Gross Vehicle Weight of up to four tons, carrying a payload of 1.6 tons. In addition, an armored capsule version is also in the plans, offering B6/B7 protection level against small arms while the high V-shaped hull offers protection from mines and IED blasts. The armored version weighs 4.5 tons, carrying one ton of useful payload. According to Ido Cohen, the armored capsule replaces part of the vehicle’s tubular space frame and rigid roll cage, therefore saving about half a ton of ‘dead weight’ with armored components providing ballistic protection and structural strength. Both versions are fully air-conditioned and are designed to operate efficiently in desert conditions and at very high temperatures.
Zibar 2 demonstrating crosscountry mobility
Breaded at an off road stable, Zibar M was designed to excel in extreme terrain and Zibar MkII is no exception. The vehicle is powered by a GM Vortec 6.2 litre V8 diesel developing 403 braking horse power (BHP) at 5800 RPM, (417 lb/ft torque at 4300 rpm). The engine is mated to a 6 speed automatic gearbox and heavy duty part time transfer case – basically a Cadillac Escalade power train. Active suspensions coil over shock absorbers with dual spring airshock, both taken from the desert racing world, are used for rear and front axles. Using large truck size tires with this small but powerful vehicle renders a platform with extreme performance. According to Ido Cohen, when deflating the 42″ x13.5 R17 tires down to a pressure of 4psi, Zibar MkII has a minimal ground pressure, enabling negotiation of steep dunes or rocks with ease. With approach angle of 90 degrees, and departure angle of 80 degrees, and ground clearance of 370 mm under axles, Zibar MkII can effectively negotiate obstacles, climb rocks, climb steps 0.75 meters high and cross ditches 0.8 meter wide, handle side slopes of 60%. It is also designed to move through thick vegetation in jungle areas, slashing through mud and fording without preparation water obstacles of depths up to 0.85. Extremely capable offroad, Zibar MkII also performs like a sports car on the highway. Accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in seven seconds, it has a top speed of 180 km/h. Fully loaded with combat payload, Zibar MkII can travel over 700 km on a single fuel tank. The same technology used for the Zibar M vehicles is now being implemented for the development of a future all-terrain load carrier for the infantry. This optionally driven vehicle will be capable of hauling over one ton of cargo, enough to sustain an infantry squad in combat. It will have dual front and rear steering, centrally located engine and all-wheel drive, providing warfighters an helicopter-borne support vehicle that will follow them everywhere they go, providing rapid, safe and reliable cargo delivery in any terrain.
The French Ministry of Defense is expected to select the a system architecture and design team to lead the development of the transformational ‘Scorpion’ program – the French Army’s 10 billion euro ($13.2 billion) modernization program. Scorpion will integrate advanced weaponry and network-centric technology to empower the French land forces’ legacy equipment, enabling battle groups of tomorrow to maintain battlefield dominance through the next decade. The current definition of the architecture phase is expected to lead the DGA to launch the request for proposal by 2012 for an advanced armored combat vehicles expected to be the principal new platform of the Scorpion program. Other elements are expected to comprise a variety of unmanned systems of different sizes.
The Scorpion program is budgeted about five billion euros for the first decade, covering the architecture design, development of the next-generation net-centric battle management system known as SICS V1, and the development of three new armored fighting vehicles – the VBMR multirole armored vehicle that will come in two weight categories – a heavy (20 ton) and light (11 ton), and the EBRC, a 25-ton light tank. Modernization of legacy equipment will also be part of the program, including the Leclerc main battle tank and VBCI armored infantry vehicle.
Three teams competed for the Scorpion program, headed by EADS, teamed with the U.S. company SAIC, a consortium of French companies including Thales, Safran and Nexter and a team led French defense electronics and communications consortium CS France partnered with Ineo, an engineering group specializing in security and defense, a subsidiary of the GDF Suez group.
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is looking for means to reduce the acoustic signature of such UAVs. As part of this effort AFRL selected Aurora Flight Sciences to develop an innovative propeller design software code that combines existing acoustic, aerodynamic, and stress codes into a single executable unit. Such a system would have potential for designing SUAVs that are significantly harder to detect, along with improved aerodynamic performance, thereby providing much greater protection and safety for valuable SUAVs.
Small unmanned aerial vehicles are designed to fly at low altitude, delivering real-time intelligence flying over the enemy. Larger unmanned vehicles are flying at an altitude of 15,000 ft or higher. At these altitudes, their presence in the sky is noticed by the characteristic engine noise, but the specific area where they are ‘looking’ at is unknown to the enemy, as they cover a large area. Unlike these high flying UAVs, Small UAVs fly much lower, hence, when they are spotted, people on the ground immediately realize there are targeted and would take evasive action. Furthermore, their presence will draw considerable fire from the ground, which could compromise their mission.
Photo: Aurora Flight Sciences
The acoustics of propellers has long been a factor of their design in their most common aviation applications — general aviation and regional transport design — driven by both passenger comfort and community noise regulations. Only recently has there been significant interest in the acoustics of propellers for small UAVs. Typically, the propellers of such vehicles have been derived from model aircraft propellers and little work has been done on the optimization of their design with regards to acoustics or performance.
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is looking for means to reduce the acoustic signature of such UAVs. As part of this effort AFRL selected Aurora Flight Sciences to develop an innovative propeller design software code that combines existing acoustic, aerodynamic, and stress codes into a single executable unit. Such a system would have potential for designing SUAVs that are significantly harder to detect, along with improved aerodynamic performance, thereby providing much greater protection and safety for valuable SUAVs.
The new code will be capable of adapting an open, ducted, or some other propeller geometry or performance variable until an optimum aero-acoustic design is achieved. According to the project’s principal investigator, Paul Dahlstrand, “Typically propeller design had been done sequentially, alternating back and forth between aerodynamic and acoustic codes until a solution was found, which was almost certainly not optimal. Our approach will provide the propeller designer with a truly aeroacoustic-optimized solution.” This technology will allow creation of a new technology-based tool to serve not only the US military market but also the commercial ultralight aircraft and radio-controlled aircraft markets as well.
Energy scavenging System Could Power Future Unmanned Systems
Aurora has also embarked on the development of an integrated energy scavenging and storage system, under a DARPA program. The new energy source could be used in portable electronics, unmanned vehicles, and weapons systems.
Aurora’s effort will develop and evaluate an integrated system that includes both solar cells for day time use and infrared photovoltaic cells for night time use, as well as integrating these energy sources with thin-film lithium batteries.
The majority of wireless devices are powered by batteries, which must be replaced or recharged when depleted; this is a major limitation for remotely located systems. Solar energy scavenging is widely used for recharging, but alternative technologies are required to provide night time scavenging capability to extend system lifetime and utility. Aurora’s concept will target infrared (IR), or thermal radiation, as a nocturnal energy source.
“Thin-film micro-batteries have remarkable performance and life compared to everyday batteries,” said Dr. Philip Johnson, the program’s principal investigator. “When embedded with ambient energy scavenging devices we have the prospect of batteries that will remain perpetually charged.”
A key attribute will be the development of the energy sources and batteries not just as individual technologies, but integrating them into a reliable night/day power system, including innovative ways to package the system into existing vehicle or weapons systems structures. Aurora believes that this integrated scavenging and storage system technology may provide extended lifetime and utility to other systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the future.
The program is managed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Microsystems Technology Office (MTO).
Thermal stealth technology being developed by the Israeli company Eltics promises to render military vehicles, combat helicopters and even entire naval surface ships invisible to thermal imaging surveillance sensors, targeting systems or missile seekers employing thermal sensors. The patented system, dubbed ‘Black Fox’ is designed to be applied as an add-on layer, on top of existing armor, or be embedded into the outer layer, comprising one layer in the ‘onion ring’ defensive concept of modern platforms.
‘Black Fox’ is an Active, Adaptive Multi-Spectral Stealth technology applicable to land, airborne and naval vessels. The concept has been in development since 2006 and was recently demonstrated in field experiments, demonstrating the ability to effectively blend parts of the platform into the background, while on the move.
The active stealth suite can be applied to totally conceal a large object, like a relocatable, forward command post, requiring stealth, in order to conceal the entire platform from overhead observation and targeting.
When applied on combat vehicles, the ‘Black Fox’ is designed to cover almost the entire platform, gaining the advantage of full stealth concealment from all sides, including top view. Yet, according to Ronen Meir, Eltics CEO, wrapping the entire vehicle is not mandatory – even partial application will also significantly gain in reducing the probability of detection at long and medium ranges.
The principle of ‘ Black Fox’ operation is based, in part on patents claimed by the company. The system employs two panoramic cameras scanning the surroundings through a 360 degrees hemisphere around the protected vehicle. Image processing and control electronics are used to sense and match the background scene, creating a deceptive image for display, on multiple active-mounted panels, on the protected platform. The image mimics the background signature, creating a stealth illusion, by realistically representing the surrounding ‘noise’ clutter and distinctive texture, thus effectively blending into the background.
A thermal view of a vehicle applied with a'Black Fox' panel concealing the back seat. The vehicle is clearly seen, with the back seat windows eliminated from view.Each active panel comprises multiple 'pixels', each individually controlled by a digital signal processor (DSP), manipulating and regulating each pixel's temperature in the 3-5 and 8-12 micron spectral range. The panels can be placed anywhere on the vehicle, including hot areas like engine exhaust, or the gun barrel, where they maintain their active-adaptive performance, despite extreme thermal load. Photo: Eltics
The cameras are continuously scanning the surrounding area, aligned with the horizon on a pan-tilt assembly (PTZ), to efficiently render the correct image when the vehicle is moving, exposed over the skyline, or against changing backgrounds.
These cameras also perform periodical measurement of the protected platform, gaining critical feedback, monitoring effectiveness of the concealment it is providing. Another utility supported by the ‘Black Fox’ is the ability to trigger thermal signaling on demand. The active panels can be programmed to display a coded number or pattern, operating as a Combat IDentification (CID) system, triggered by the crew, with a laser beam or interrogator friend/foe (IFF) system. When the vehicle is on the move, the active panels display a changing image or pattern, maintaining an optimal concealment in every direction – frontal, sideways and top views, hiding the platform from prowling thermal eyes of satellites, UAVs, low flying helicopters or ground observations.
In addition to its capability to ‘blend into the background’, applying the signature of a nearby building, an orchard or a bush, ‘Black Fox’ can also mimic other shapes and signatures. For example, a system ‘worn’ by an M-1 tank can render the American tank to look like a Russian T-72, or ‘downsize’ the tank signature to clone as an M-113 APC, or even a non military pickup truck. The system can also enable the crew to manually ‘copy and paste’ background features and display them on their ‘Black Fox’ suite, to refine the stealth effect. The complete process is performed automatically and rapidly, enabling the crew to enter into a ‘stealth mode’ by the push of a single button. With such capabilities, the ‘Black Fox’ could become an important asset in the military’s ability to deny enemy use of automatic target recognition systems, by eliminating distinguishable details of potential objectives. Such capabilities could also be utilized for training, employing the system on smaller surrogate vehicles, designed to perform as larger combat vehicles.
According to Ronen Meir, the company has already demonstrated a working prototype of the ‘Black Fox’ in the field and is ready to proceed into system engineering, toward full-scale development, in cooperation with other Israeli defense industries.
The company plans to develop a ‘stealth’ suite for combat vehicles, to be applied as an outer add-on system or embedded into reactive or hybrid armor skin. He told Defense-Update that the company is also exploring possible airborne applications for helicopters and has already been approached by several foreign organizations over potential ‘Black Fox’ naval applications.
Concealing naval vessels could offer dramatic advantages for navies, particularly those operating in the littorals, where the maneuverability is limited in the off-shore area, but the proximity of coastal features enable concealment and stealth with the new system. For example, large military vessels can reduce their signature and assume the profile of non-combatant vessels, such as a supply ship, or merchant vessel. When employed with electro-magnetic (radar) stealth methods, the system can be activated, before an attacking anti-ship missile initiates its terminal guidance phase, utilizing thermal sensors. Eventually, the target can ‘disappear’ from the missile’s sight, when entering a ‘stealth’ mode, with or without the use of flares.
At the Eurosatory 2010 exhibition IMI and Eltics are announcing the integration of Eltics’ Active Stealth and reactive technologies and the hybrid armor solutions from IMI, to introduce an ‘Invisible Reactive Armor Protection’ (IRAP). According to Rami Sokolower, IMI Marketing & Business Development manager for IMI’s Slavin division, IRAP modules will be developed, produced and marketed by IMI and Eltics, addressing the world market of medium and heavy armored combat vehicles, including main battle tanks, armored infantry carriers and Mine Protected Vehicles (MRAP, MPV). The IRAP will be provided as a medium weight solution, to be employed as part of the vehicle’s multi-layered survivability system. “Using our stealth Black Fox technology, vehicles could avoid being detected and targeted by the enemy, denying effective engagement by anti-tank missiles, while improving the vehicle’s protection against advanced threats, such as RPGs and different types of IEDs.” Said Ronen Meir.
Since 2006, the Ashkelon located company has established a team of experts developing the entire system, from initial concept into a product. This task involved complex theoretical evaluation and simulations, of thermal signatures and thermodynamic analysis, hardware and software design and development of algorithms for signature sensing and processing, thermodynamic calculation and signature display. Eltics Vice President for Research and development is Dr. Dani Leshem, formerly the Chief Scientist at Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. Mj. General (ret.) David Ivri, a former Chief of the Israel Air Force and Director General of Israel’s Ministry of Defense is also an advisor to Eltics’ Board of Directors.
Israel’s 2010 Military & Aviation conference and exhibition will take place this Wednesday (May 26, 2010) at the Avenue exhibition center at Airport City near Ben Gurion Airport. The event, organized by New-Tech Events, will highlight new developments in military land, air and naval systems.
You are invited to visit Defense-Update stand at the Military & Aerospace Exhibition – 26.5.2010
Israel’s Military & Aviation Exhibition 2010
Location: Avenue Conference Center, Airport City, Ben-Gurion Airport, Israel
Event’s dates: 26th May 2010
Among the key speakers confirmed for 2010 are:
Among the presentations given by leading officials are:
Presentation by Lt. General (ret), Bogi Ya’alon, Minister for Strategic Affairs
A briefing on the naval uses of unmanned vehicles, presented by the C/O chief of the Israel Navy, Brig General Noam feig,
the induction of unmanned aerial systems in the Israel Air Force operations, provided by Head of UAV, Space and Intelligence Branch, Col. Eli Ankori.
An overview of Israel’s defense R&D thrusts, presented by Chief of Defense R&R&D, Brig. General Dr. Dani Gold.
Main Projects Highlight:
the Arrow-3 exo-atmospheric missile interceptor
Eitan strategic UAV
Trophy active protection system
Iron Dome counter rocket, artillery and Missiles (C-RAM) program
Technology R&D:
High-Speed Under-Water Propulsion
New Trends in A.D. Simulation Systems
Advanced Emitter Localization Methods
Remote Sensing with Teraherz Sensors
High Precision Ballistic Rockets
Automatic detection of Man-Made Objects
Initialization of Navigation Systems from Reference Sources
In addition to variable thrust, another benefits of the gell-rocket propulsion is the low smoke, low signature burn of the propellant. This clean burn is typical of a liquid propelled rocket, but the gell eliminates the safety hazards from liks and vapor buildup, corrosion etc. Photo: MBDA
Rocket propulsion expert Bayern-Chemie has demonstrated the maturity of a gel-based rocket propulsion enabling efficient missiles, drones and rockets to implement variable-thrust, therefore extend mission range, endurance and maneuverability. According to the manufacturer, the full advantages of gelled propellant propulsion systems will be realized when they are integrated within air-to-ground or surface-to-surface missiles. Meanwhile, Bayern-Chemie considers implementing the new propulsion technology with reusable start boosters for drones, cruise missiles and aircraft.
Bayern-Chemie successfully carried out two gel demonstrator test flights at the German Armed Forces Test Range in Meppen in December 2009. Photo: MBDA
Whilst in stored in the missile fuel tank, the gelled propellant behaves like a solid propellant, eliminating potential leaking and subsequent corrosion to the missile’s mechanical structure. Vapor pressure generated by the gel is very low, hence eliminating a “fireball” risk. On being injected into the combustor, the propellant looses its gelled structure and transforms into a liquid. Propellant feed is carried out using a solid gas generator or pressurized gas.
In addition to variable thrust, another benefits of the gell-rocket propulsion is the low smoke, low signature burn of the propellant. This clean burn is typical of a liquid propelled rocket, but the gell eliminates the safety hazards from liks and vapor buildup, corrosion etc. Photo: MBDA
The benefits of this propulsion technology are the variability of thrust for mission adapted thrust profiles, the very high degree of insensitivity (no reaction at fast and slow cook-off), low smoke and low signature. Furthermore, it is an environmentally friendly propellant and exhaust gas (green propellant) and easy handling regarding the logistics chain.
Solid propelled rocket engines require complex design and manufacturing to enable variable thrust is required. Unlike liquid propellant, where propellant flow can be regulated to throttle thrust up or down. However, liquid propellant is much more difficult to store, handle and transport. Gel-based rocket propellant could provide the best combination – permitting modulation of thrust to maximize weapon endurance and performance, while offering extended shelf life and high operational readiness. The company has been developing the gel-based propellant for several years, and the recent flights prove that all functions of this gelled propellant propulsion technology have reached the TRL 6 (Technology Readiness Level 6). According to the company sources, the gel feeding system and the thrust modulation device worked as predicted during the relevant flight phases. In December 2009 Bayern- Chemie carried out a two test flights of rockets using gel-based propulsion.
The development of this technology was funded by the German BWB (the Federal Office of Defence Technology and Procurement) and carried out by in close cooperation with the BWB’s various institutes and departments. Bayern-Chemie is a fully owned (100%) subsidiary of MBDA Deutschland. The company specializes in solid rocket propulsion technology and is considered the world’s leading company in the area of air breathing, solid propellant ram rockets.
As the U.S. Army recommends terminating the NLOS-LS Weapon System, the Navy will have to keep the program alive, securing the principal surface weapon system of the Littoral Combat Ship
Above: The LCS-2 Independence – the Precision Attack Missile (insert) is the principal surface attack weapon of this vessel.Photos: General Dynamics and Raytheon
Following a review of its precision fires capabilities and requirements, the U.S. Army is recommending to cancel the XM-501 Non-Line of Sight Launch System (NLOS-LS) program. NLOS-LS was developed as a ‘Platform independent Precision Weapon System’, as a common system to be used by the U.S. Army and Navy. The program suffered significant setback in the recent Limited User Test, (LUT) scoring only two hits out of six launches. The system was jointly developed by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin under the Netfires industry team. The missile was intended to become the cornerstone of the new, highly maneuverable light brigade, to be equipped with the ‘Future Combat Systems (FCS) system of systems.
Replenishment of missiles can be performed at sea, sustaining the LCS on extended combat missions. Photo: US ArmyPrecision Attack Missile (PAM) launched from the NLOS-LS. Photo: Raytheon
Even before the cancellation of FCS program, in June 2009, the Army systematically eliminated key elements of the program, to save cost. After the termination of the program, only few of the systems considered to be the most mature remained in the acquisition channels. These included two robotic systems, various sensors, networking elements and the NLOS-LS, which remained the only weapon system to survive the cuts, until now…
While the cancellation will relieve the Army of financial burden of a weapon system considered too costly and redundant, since combat brigades already have other precision guided weapons that can deliver firepower at the precision and timely response as the NLOS, the U.S. Navy, which counted on the weapon will have to support the continued development and fielding of the system by itself. The Navy is scheduled to begin at-sea testing of the NLOS-LS medium range surface to surface missile module by 2012.
According to the Navy’s plans, NLOS-LS would become the principal weapon for the Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) ‘Surface Warfare Module’ enabling the vessel to dominate a large coastal and littoral area. Each LCS will carry three Command Launch Modules packed in two shipping containers, carrying a total of 45 missiles. The missile would be used as the ‘long arm’ of the vessel, enabling the LCS team to act upon information obtained by remote intelligence sensors and the vessel’s own sensors – helicopters, UAVs, SIGINT and COMINT.
Launched at individual targets, or in salvos of multiple missiles, the Precision Attack Missiles would be used to defeat enemy over the horizon, inside the bases or at the shoreline, as well as defensively, eliminating attacks by swarms of fast boats. In escort missions, these missiles, supported by helicopters and UAVs, could be used to cover larger areas, protecting merchant ships from small boats attacks. The ability of the crew to control each of the missiles, and selectively aim at specific weak points enable the LCS to effectively engage and defeat larger targets, support friendly forces ashore and reducing the risk of collateral damage. Absent of such a weapon, the LCS will be toothless (the only other weapon on board is the single barrel 57mm gun).
Army soldiers practice reloading of PAM missiles into the Command Launch Unit (CLU) - the 'missile in a box container which makes the NLOS-LS system. Photo: US Army
Another advantage of the NLOS system is its flexibility and rapid replenishment. In fact, the ‘missile in a box’ concept could be utilized at sea, rapidly rearming the LCS by helicopters, therefore extending its combat endurance over extended missions.
Given the importance of the weapon to the Navy, it is likely that the program will not meet the fate of other FCS systems and continue through fielding, funded by the Navy. However, in this case, the missile would be tailored for the Navy’s needs and will not necessarily have the operating modes the Army would eventually need. These modes are also likely to be more costly and complicated. Previous reports have indicated that Raytheon proposed to deliver the missiles at a unit cost below $200,000, given a multi-year production of about 9,900 units is secured. This cost is about a third of the cost of a typical naval attack missile currently available (like the Harpoon or Exocet) but it is about three times more expensive than the Javelin or Hellfire missiles, used extensively in Afghanistan. The current cost of a pre-production missile stands on $450,000 per unit.
Key Components of the LCS’ Surface Weapons Mission Package
Two gun mission modules MK 50 MOD comprising the MK 46 30mm Gun Weapon System, that uses All Navy Qualified 30mm x 173mm Ammunition, 400 Rounds in the urret, plus two Ready Service Magazines with 240 Rounds Each
3 Shipping Containers carrying three Container Launch Units (CLUs) loaded with 45 Non-Line of Sight missiles
2 Shipping Containers supporting the MH-60R Helicopter, loaded with MK299 MOD2 Launchers with 8 HellFire Missiles, GAU21 .50 Caliber Machine Gun and M240 7.62mm Machine Gun
2 Support Modules supporting two MQ-8B FireScout Vertical Takeoff Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Maritime Security Module comprising tTwo 11m RHIBs, a Berthing Module
One Equipment Module hosting VBSS Detachment Mission Package and application Software and seven multipurpose user consoles, fFour racks of computer servers, networks that interface with the total ship computing
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In early October 2025, a coordinated wave of unmanned aerial system (UAS) incursions—widely attributed to Russia—targeted critical infrastructure across at least ten European nations. The unprecedented campaign exposed the fragility of Europe’s air defenses...
Executive Summary
The past week (September 18-25, 2025) represents an inflection point where strategic defense concepts have transitioned from doctrine to tangible reality. An analysis of global events reveals four primary, interconnected trends shaping an...
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The Taipei Aerospace & Defense Technology Exhibition (TADTE) 2025 crystallized around four dominant strategic themes that collectively illustrate Taiwan's comprehensive approach to defense modernization amid escalating regional tensions. Based on a detailed report by Pleronix (available upon request). Includes a Podcast discussion on TADTE 2025's highlighting Taiwan's four strategic themes beyond the post's coverage.
Israel’s Iron Beam 450 high-power laser system has completed final testing, marking a major leap in air defense. Developed by Rafael, it offers precise, cost-effective interception of rockets, UAVs, and mortars, and is set for IDF deployment by 2025.
