Defexpo 2008 Review

By

-

Mar 1, 2008

India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008
India’s Bi-Annual Arms Bazzar (updated March 2008)

The Indian Ministry of Defense is planning to double its arms procurement and spend over US$ 20 billion (over Rs 120,000 crore) – more than twice the amount spent in the past 10 years on an annual basis. In the next four years, on the procurement of new weapons and hardware, these opportunities would probably be the highlights of Defexpo 2008 and Air Power India conference, that took place in New Delhi in February 2008. The conference was sponsored by Defense Update. About 450 companies are participating in DefExpo maritime and land warfare exhibition, of which about 300 are international defense industries from 30 countries.

Russia, India’s largest arms supplier has ongoing contracts worth about US$15 billion, representing about 60% of India’s recent arms imports. Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov arrived in India this week (February 12) for the opening ceremony of the Year of Russia in India and promoting military-technical cooperation. In past years Russia provided India almost all the arms it required but in recent years New Delhi has widened its gates for other suppliers, from Europe, Israel and most lately – the USA. As a result, Indo-Russian arms cooperation is under pressure, as international defense manufacturers attracted to the sub-continent’s lucrative arms market.

On the table are major naval acquisition programs, including buying six submarines for abut $2.3 billion and $3 billion worth modernizations of India’s artillery corps. The later could include 140 light howitzers, 400 towed 155mm guns and 180 truck-mounted self propelled guns. India continues to buy Russian Su-30MKI and T-90S tanks and is expected to produce about a thousand supersonic Brahmos-1 missiles, developed and produced under an Indo-Russian cooperation. Development of a future hypersonic version of the missile dubbed Brahmos-2 is already underway. The Navy has three new frigates on order, these are also planned to be equipped with the Brahmos. Refitting of the Russian Navy aircraft carrier Admiral Grushkov for the Indian Navy is also in the planning. The two countries signed a contract worth $1.2 billion for the modernization but since signing the contract, the cost of the program was escalated dramatically, affected by cost raw materials, exchange rate and cost of work. At present Russia demands $1.5 more for the work.

Air defense programs are also shifting away from traditional Russian systems. As India is developing an indigenous air defense system – the Akash, it also selected systems for future replacement of the SA-3 (Pechora), dropping plans to upgrade the aging Russian missiles. Conclusion of the long overdue procurement of Israeli Spyder short-range air defense systems is nearing, while additional deals are underway with IAI, for a joint development and production of a land-based derivative of the Barak-8 advanced naval air and missile defense missile.

By far the largest program is the planned procurement of 126 multi-role combat aircraft (MRCA) for the Indian Air Force, as part of a US$10 billion buy. But other programs are also making attractive prospects for international aerospace and defense manufacturers. New Delhi is currently evaluating the Boeing F/A-18E/F, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, Lockheed Martin F-16, Saab Gripen, MiG-35 and Sukhoi Su-35. Formal submissions of proposals are expected within a month. (March 2008). Regardless of the winner of the MRCA competition, India is participating in the development of a fifth generation Russian fighter aircraft and is expected to share future production to equip its air force units sometime in the next decade.

Only few weeks after scrapping a 197 helicopter contract, won by EADS’ division Eurocopter, New Delhi is launching a new tender for the supply of 312 light military helicopters, as the Air Force merged its requirement for future light helicopters with the Army and navy. The Indian Air Force also plans to acquire two squadrons of modern attack helicopters and about six heavy lift helicopters. The light helicopters will replace the Chetak and Cheetah helicopters (license built Alouette II and III). Replacement of these 30 year veterans was planned for next year but due to the new procedure, it is expected to begin only in 2011, the earliest.

Under a parallel program, the IAF approved a contract to buy six Lockheed martin C-130J transport aircraft in a deal worth one billion dollars. These aircraft are intended for India’s special forces. The Indian Navy is in final contract negotiations for the procurement of eight Boeing P-8i Posedon Long-range maritime reconnaissance (LRMR) worth about two billion dollars. India also considered an alternative platform based on the Airbus A-319 but finally opted for the U.S. aircraft. Given these two contracts are signed this year, the U.S. could become India’s largest weapon supplier surpassing Russia and Israel which average US$1.5 and US$1 billion sales per year in recent years. The UK is also sharing the prosperity of the Indian shopping spree. BAE Systems is also being rewarded for their patience and dedication in their 18 year the Hawk trainer, In 2004 British Aerospace signed a contract to deliver 66 aircraft worth about US$1.45 billion dollars. India is now planning to order 40 additional Hawks to strengthen its advanced trainer fleet.

New Naval Systems

India is planning the acquisition of acquiring six new hunter-killer submarines and seven new frigates. India is already building six French designed Scorpene class diesel electric powered subs, scheduled to enter service in the next decade. The new submarine is expected to be larger than the current Scorpene, and its armament suite is expected to include a larger land attack missile, considered to be part of the country’s strategic deterrence triad. The new submarine program is expected to draw the same companies only recently competed for the current program, including French naval company DCNS, Spanish Navantia, the German submarine building consortium HDW and Russian submarine builder Rubin. India currently has 16 submarines in service and in production, part of them are Russian Amur class subs.
A different program currently taking shape is the Navy’s Project 17A, in which the Indian Navy plans to introduce seven new frigates. The Indians are expected to evaluate several designs, including U.S, European and Russian designs.

Opening to International Cooperation

As already mentioned here, two of the leading aerospace programs offered by Lockheed Martin are the F-16I multi role fighter and C-130J tactical transport. Other systems offered to India are the Sniper advanced targeting pod and Hellfire II guided missiles. Lockheed Martin believes that India could be the largest defense market in Asia with $20 billion in possible air force, navy and communications contracts over the next decade, an executive said on Tuesday. “For Lockheed Martin, the potential market in India is probably the largest in Asia Pacific,” Richard Kirkland, Lockheed Martin’s President South Asia, told Reuters on the sidelines of the Singapore Airshow. Last month the company announced the planned sale of six C-130J Hercules transport planes to India as part of a $1 billion sale. India has an option to add six more aircraft to its order. Lockheed Martin is also competing on the MRCA program and plans to respond to an upcoming Indian bid for surface vessels, for which it is ready to offer the AEGIS weapon system, and submarine modernization as well as communications programs. Lockheed Martin is also promoting the Patriot PAC-3 to satisfy New-Delhi’s air and missile defense requirements. For naval air defense, Washington is also offering various tactical missiles and precision engagement systems based on the MLRS/GMLRS system.

Northrop Grumman promoted the advanced Hawkeye (E-2D) at DefExpo 2008. This aircraft will be able to provide aerial early warning and control to air and surface elements operated by the Indian Navy, over land and at sea. Another systems promoted by Northrop Grumman in India is the FireScout RQ-8B, vertical Takeoff and Landing UAV. Northrop Grumman is also offering some of its naval vessel designs to India, primarily the LPD 17 San Antonio class amphibious transport ship, and corvette size offshore patrol frigate, based on the coast-guard Cutter being built in the U.S.

France was the second largest participant at Defexpo 2008. Both Indian Air Force and Navy are currently operating French systems. The IAF flies the French Dassault Mirage 2000 with two squadrons, which are to be upgraded in the upcoming year to sustain 25 additional years in service. Six French designed Scorpene class submarines are currently being built for the Indian Navy, at the state-owned Mazgaon Dockyard. France is hoping to receive a follow-on order for six additional subs later this year. The French Thales group is also scheduled to begin the upgrade six of the Indian Navy’s Soviet-era minesweepers. AgustaWestland, member of the Italian Finmeccanica group is interested in competing for the expected tender to supply new helicopters to the Indian Navy.

As India opens its doors for cooperation with multinational and foreign defense contractors it has also enforced tougher offset rules, requiring foreign suppliers to spend 30% of each program with local industries. Therefore, DefExpo 2008 is providing a meeting point where between local industries and foreign companies can where they can locate local partners to fulfill their offset obligations. On the long run, this move is expected to infuse more capabilities and technologies to India’s domestic defense industries.

The government is also changing some rules of the sales process, revamping its Defense Procurement Policy (DDP) by introducing a new mechanism to register arms agents, therefore streamlining their activities both domestically and overseas. This could avoid scandals such as the recent cancellations and delays experienced on multiple contracts.

Joint Ventures Announced

Privately owned companies partly owned by foreign enterprises can now compete for defense contracts if the equity owned by the foreign entity is les than 26%. Furthermore, under the new regulations to enter by April 2008, some private firms will be entitled to the same benefits and tax exempts currently reserved to government owned companies. Large companies such as Tata Power, Larsen & Tourbo, Mahindra & Mahindra and Bharat Electronics are well positioned to benefit from these regulations and have already launched joint ventures with foreign corporations. The Defense Research & Development Organization is going to acquire a new role of a scientific center. It will also be the main distributor of orders to private companies.

The French naval company DCN announced plans to establish an India-based subsidiary called DCNS India, to be based Mumbai. The new company is expected to link up with Indian joint venture partners capable of offering specialized services, design and maintenance contract. DCNS already partners Mumbai’s state-owned Mazagon Dock Ltd. in building six Scorpene submarines for the Indian Navy. The company is scheduled to deliver the first submarine by 2012 and subsequent submarines every year over the next five years. Scorpene submarines, fitted with BrahMos missiles, could be part of the mix of conventional and nuclear undersea firepower that India proposes to acquire over the next decade. Indian Navy is likely to lease a nuclear submarine from Russia next year. DCNS has recently signed agreements with Kirloskar Oil Engines for integrated platform management systems and with Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. propulsion system parts for the next generation ASW (anti-submarine warfare) corvettes being built for the Indian Navy.

A joint venture has already been signed with Italy’s Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei (WASS), a subsidiary of the Finmeccanica Group and Bharat Electronics, to develop underwater weapon systems. WASS is promoting its Black Shark heavyweight torpedo for the Indian Scorpene submarines. The company has an ongoing cooperation with India’s Bharat Dynamics in the underwater systems sector. A different division of the Indian company – Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd has obtained from Oto Melara a licence to produce 76mm naval cannons. This licence could be extended to cover production of 127mm cannons, which are currently the subject of a tender process for installation on the Indian Navy’s new class of destroyer.

One of India’s leading vehicle manufacturers, Mahindra & Mahindra, is expecting to capture up to 60% of the military vehicle’s requirements estimated at $5 billion over the next decade. The bids are likely to be made through the company’s subsidiary Mahindra Defense Systems by forming joint ventures with global equipment manufacturers.

Indo-Israeli Relations Tightened

Relations between Israel and India have improved in the last decade, particularly after the Kargil war, when Israel rushed special assistance to aid India in time of war. Since then, India invested massively in military buildup, becoming Israel’s largest defense export destination in Asia. Bilateral relations, which were sofar based on government-to-government basis, have recently been expanded to the industrial and business sector, as Israeli defense industries are establishing Joint Ventures (JV)s to promote their interests in the subcontinent, improving their ability to meet New Delhi’s new offset regulation. Some of these JVs were announced at DefExpo 2008 exhibition in February.

Rafael announced preliminary agreement to establish a joint venture company with Bharat Electronics Ltd, India’s largest defense electronics company. The new JV will focus primarily on defense electronics associated with missile systems. Elbit Systems already has a JV with BEL, focusing primarily on electro-optics and thermal imaging systems. Last year Elbit Systems has also launched the HALBIT JV with Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) and and Merlin Hawk Associates Pvt Ltd, focusing on avionics parts and simulation systems for military and commercial applications.

Israel Aerospace Industries has an ongoing cooperation with several Indian companies, among them cooperative development and international marketing associated with helicopters and other aerospace systems; IAI recently also chose an Indian satellite launcher to carry its latest radar equipped spy satellite Tecsar into orbit. This week IAI signed an memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Tata Group, for the establishment of a JV associated with aerospace and defense. The joint company will focus on development, production, and providing customer support for a wide range of products, including missiles, unmanned systems, radars and electronic warfare systems used for military and homeland security applications. Other joint activities are still shrouded by secrecy, under the Indian-Israeli defense cooperation agreement.

Tata Industries announced an agreement for jointly exploring opportunities with Urban Aeronautics, an Israeli designer of innovative vertical take-off and landing aerosystems. Tata has also decided to invest in the Israeli company. Tata is interested in local production and marketing of Urban Aviations’ Fancraft technology for the Indian market. Urban Aviation is exploring several applications of the Fancraft technology, including a twin turbine powered transportier capable of carrying 12 people, a single turbine powered unmanned aircraft for with payload capacity of 250 kg and a small, electrically powered surveillance mini UAV.

The following articles are included in this review:

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets
New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower
Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow
Singapore Establishes a Networked Air Defense Capability
Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation
Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities
Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style
India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008

Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

The Commander of the Israel Air Force, Maj. General Elyezer Shkedy discussed the role of the air power in confronting challenges in fighting terror, speaking at the 4th Global Air Power Conference held in Singapore on Feb 18. The Israeli general presented some of the achievements of the Air Force, the results of meticulous preparations that started following the 1991 Gulf War, when Israel was pounded by repeated attacks of Iraqi SCUD missile, which neither Israeli, nor the U.S. led coalition forces could track, locate or destroy.

During the second war in Lebanon, in 2006, the Israeli Air Force managed to destroy within few hours, the entire long and medium range missile force secretly deployed by Hezbollah, hidden in protected, secured locations throughout the country. General Shkedi illustrated the complex and challenging aspects of fighting asymmetric warfare, with the Israeli Air Force engaging enemy targets as they seeked shelter near, or within populated areas, in mosques, schools or hospitals. To address those challenges, Israel developed unique capabilities enabling rapid decision making, with aerial platforms seeking to destroy time critical targets within less than a minute. According to Shkedi, almost every medium range multiple launcher rocket was hit and destroyed within 1-7 minutes from the time it launched the first rocket.
One such example was demonstrated in a video, showing a multiple rocket launcher firing only four rockets before it is hit and destroyed by Israeli precision guided weapons.

Other examples introduced by the commander, demonstrated electro-optically guided weapons, providing a crisp view of targets concealed in foliage, as the missile’s nose mounted camera unveils the hidden target as it closes-in for the kill. Neither the Second Lebanon War or the current ongoing conflict with the Palestinians in Gaza have provided decisive results but General Shkedi argues that the facts prove the viability of airpower in fighting terrorism – “As the Israel Air Force improved its process, gaining more significant role in the fighting over Gaza. This capability eventually led to a decision to withdraw from the Gaza Strip in 2005, in the so called ‘Disengagement’ which, unfortunately did not bring peace and quiet to the area. Since then, the Air Force was the dominant force in the area, culminating in 54% of the terrorist kills in 2007. “In specific operations the Air Force achieved 70% of the kills” said Shkedi.

He also emphasized that in the decision to employ airpower Israel did not compromise on reducing collateral damage and risk to innocent lives. As we improved our methods of operations, collateral damage was reduced from a ratio of 1:1 in 2002 to an average of 98 terrorists killed with a single innocent killed in the second half of 2007. This has happened while air activity over Gaza increased dramatically during this period.

However, Shkedi is cautious about emphasizing the counter-terror role of air power, while neglecting other levels of warfare. Air power has relative advantages in a limited, low intensity conflict. But this is only one facet of modern warfare – we are facing other challenges, including high intensity conflicts with neighboring countries where the Israel Air Force is required to establish air dominance, and more distant threats, from countries with whom we do not share borders, where air power provides the major relevant force.

The following articles are included in this review:

Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

“The fact that we are at war in Afghanistan has yet to be fully understood by the public and political system” (in Germany) said said Lt. General Klaus-Peter Stieglitz, Chief of Staff German Air Force speaking at the 4th Global Air Power Conference held in Singapore on Feb 18. He said German air operations in Afghanistan are going almost unnoticed as the new Luftwaffe is not involved in offensive or ground operations in this remote battlefield. However, this fact does not diminish the important role of the German Air Force in support of NATO ISAF. “We must emphasize and communicate the role of airpower as part of the toolbox needed to reach political objectives” he added.

General Stieglitz emphasized the role of airpower in operations in Afghanistan, providing an asymmetric dimension, by supporting ground operations with kinetic, non kinetic and psychological support, in addition to logistical and medical support, helping reducing the signature and ‘footprint’ of foreign military forces in the country without compromising mission objectives. In addition to the many challenges it faces, the German Air Force has to overcome continuous scrutiny regarding its very existence and role in national security, as political and public opinion are casting doubts and and uncertainty over the importance and necessity of airpower.

The German Air Force Chief considers Afghanistan as a “blueprint of asymmetric operations of the future’ as it has all ingredients of modern warfare, from full scale operations to peacekeeping and disaster relief. “One of the key aspects of asymmetric warfare, the ‘empty battlefield’ is clearly portrayed in this conflict, said Steiglitz, referring to the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) role that the German Air Force’s Tornado aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles are providing. Future enhancements of such capabilities are currently planned, with the introduction of new UAVs by 2010 and the fielding of future earth surveillance space assets in the future, both providing improved persistence and coverage.

“Networked, joint air capability is the right solution for such asymmetric conflicts, enabling scalable effects across the levels of engagement to achieve the political goals. In this context, airpower is vital to provide a small contingent force with measured and scalable support envelope, including mobility, ISR and firepower that are not readily noticeable to the casual observer. “In addition to employing kinetic effects, air power provides the basis for global mobility and sustainement of deployed forces, and the backbone for our medical evacuation, enabling our forces to hold at risk any aggressor or target. “The fact that we can do all that unrestricted by time, terrain or geographical boundaries is essential to our ability to asymmetrically overpowering our opponents (in the region)”.

General Stéphane Abrial, Chief of Staff of the French Air Force also referred to the conflict in Afghanistan as an important challenge and opportunity faced by the French Air Force, emphasizing the need for jointness and cooperation between the different services and coalition partners and, especially the role of modern air power as force multiplier in such force projections. According to General Abrial the Dassault Rafale, French Air Force leading edge fighter aircraft was proven as an instrumental asset for air projection and ground support, during its first deployment to Khandahar last year. The Rafale detachment sent to the Afghan forward base achieved 90% availability, assigned to show of force, ISR and attack missions using laser guided bombs. Few days ago the Rafales returned to Khandahar, this time equipped with France’s latest precision guided weapons – the ASAM made by Sagem.

For the future, General Abrial emphasized four aspects of modernization pursued by the French Air Force. The first priority is to replace aging C-135 tankers by new Multi-Role Tanker/Transport (MRTT). The first aircraft could be fielded by 2011, leading to a complete phasing out of the KC-135s by 2016. The long awaited replacement of the C-160 Transal fleet is planned with the future introduction of the Airbus Military A-400M medium transport aircraft. Some of the Transals will be 50 years old by the time they are retired. The French Air Force plans to field two additional Rafale squadrons by the end of this decade. In 2009 a new Rafale C squadron be operational and by 2010 the first nuclear capable squadron will be fielded. In the field of unmanned systems, General Abrial admits, France was a late starter. He expects more assets to become operational, leading, eventually to the introduction of mixed manned and unmanned ISR and combat assets in the foreseeable future. “We do not have an indication of the mixture of manned and unmanned assets”.

According to General Abrial, modernization, innovation and overmatch are critical for the success of modern air power. “We are not interested in fair fight”, he said, referring to the decisive role and precision, yet measured effects air power has in the modern asymmetric warfare. “Although the French Air Force is smaller today, and will continue to decrease toward the next decade, our capabilities were significantly increased” said General Abrial.

General Carrol H. “Howie” Chandler, commander, U.S. Force Pacific Air Force emphasized the global reach of the U.S. Air Force and its capability to support, sustain and cooperate with local forces addressing regional challenges. Instrumental for such capabilities is the “Global Vigilance” capability, provided by various assets including the growing fleet of Global hawk UAVs, which have already operated in Asia Pacific and continuously support ISAR operations in Afghanistan. The U.S. has been negotiating forward operations and basing of such assets in the region. ‘Global Reach’ is another capability pursued by the U.S. According to General Chandler, forward based C-17s ithat operated in the Pacific last year demonstrated the capabilities such assets can contribute in disaster relive and sustainment while bombers, such as B-1, B-2 and B-52 are frequently operated in the region demonstrating ‘global reach’ capabilities for deterrence. A major challenge for global force projection is command and control. The U.S. has established an air operations center in the Pacific and the Republic of Korea, while embarking on bilateral air operation centers in Japan and Australia, supporting air operations in those regions.

The following articles are included in this review:

Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

“We find ourselves facing a real and increasing need to address a broad range on non-conventional threats including terrorism, piracy, low intensity conflicts, natural disasters and pandemics.” said Teo Chee Hean, Singapore’s Minister for Defence addressing the air chiefs from 41 nations assembling for the 4th Global Air Power Conference held in Singapore, Fen 18, 2008. Mr. Teo Chee Hean referred to the widening spectrum of security challenges and the possible ways to address them. “These threats are not confined within borders and can spread rapidly. They can affect the security on not just a single country or region but could influence the entire international community – no single country can address these threats on its own” said the minister, referring to the need for more international and regional cooperation and collaboration.

“The inherent characteristics of air power – flexibility and mobility – make it well suited to meet today’s challenges” the minister said. “The peace and prosperity that Singapore, as a small nation, enjoys is very much underpinned by a peaceful and secure region and world.” He referred to the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) where Singapore has been an active member since 1971, collaborating with Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Two exercises are conducted annually under the FPDA agreement, an air defense and air operations exercise. Furthermore, the ongoing ‘Eye in the Sky’ maritime security program, jointly undertaken by Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore significantly improved security across the Malacca straits, a strategic maritime route carrying one third of the world’s sea trade and 50% of the world’s oil. “Since the inception of ‘Eye in the Sky’ in 2005 the incidence of sea robberies in the Malacca Straits has declined sharply” said Teo Chee hean. This contributed to the removal of the Malacca Straits from Lloyd’s list of war-risk areas in 2006.

Maj. General Ng. Chee Khern, Chief of RSAF addressed the regional and international cooperation as one of the cornerstones of Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) activities. “Sharing doctrine, concept of operation, software and even source code are vital elements of such cooperation” he said. According to General Khern, cooperation, in addition to air security, precision strike and information dominance are essential capabilities of the modern air power.

Air Marshal Subandrio, Chief of Staff Indonesian Air Force reinforced the point of regional security and defense cooperation in the region. Air Marshal Subandrio also emphasized the role of the air force as one facet of a three-tier national airpower strategy, which also extends to commercial air capability as well as aerospace industry. He underlined the key role of the air force supporting maritime surveillance, and environmental monitoring, such as fire protection of the rain forest. The Chief of Indian Air Force, Air Chief Marshal Fali Homi Major, Chief of Staff Indian Air Force also underlined the role of cooperation as part of regional and national security. He also addressed the broader scope of airpower in international politics, “There is a tendency to relate airpower with military power” said Chief Marshal Fali Homi Major, yet, “due to its universal applicability, small footprint and strategic effect, airpower has evolved to become the preferred instrument for power projection, to protect, deter, punish and assist the peace”.

To sustain these capabilities the IAF is modernizing its forces with the acquisition of new systems, modernization of existing platforms and sustainment and preservation of aging assets. Among the new acquisitions he mentioned the upcoming selection of new multi-role combat aircraft, fielding of Airborne Warning & Control aircraft, acquisition of new helicopters and two multinational development programs launched with Russia – the development of 5th generation fighter and medium range airlifter. He also said that India intends to leverage domestic commercial air capability to support the Air Force, as part of its thrust to improve indigenous technological and technical infrastructure. This thrust is also being improved by the mandatory technology transfer, and offset requirements set by the government, resulting in the establishment of new joint ventures between domestic and international industries.

A different view was presented by Air Marshal Geoffrey D. Shepherd AO, Chief of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). “The security situation in Asia Pacific is becoming more complex with threats ranging from illegal immigration, piracy and drug trafficking to international terrorism; the situation in the region has become the worst since the end of World War II” He said. According to Air marshal Geoffrey, the RAAF should transform itself from a tactical air force on a more ambitious “Strategic Air Force”, addressing threats and challenges on a regional and global scale. RAAF is preparing for such strategic missions by fielding new platforms, such as the C-17 Globemaster, new Multi-Role Transport Tankers (MRTT), Wedgetail Early Warning Aircraft and is planning to replace its fleet of P-3 Orion Maritime patrol aircraft. “If you don’t shape your environment it is being shaped for you (by international terrorism)” said RAAF Chief of Staff.

The following articles are included in this review:

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets
New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower
Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow
Singapore Establishes a Networked Air Defense Capability
Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation
Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities
Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style
India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008

Singapore Establishes Networked Air Defense – Singapore Airshow 2008

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

Based on the integrated capabilities of its fighters, multi-layered ground based air defense, early warning and command and control Singapore is planning to deploy a ‘Networked Air Defense” capability. To modernize and enhance its early warning and control capability Singapore is replacing its obsolete E-2C Hawkeye with four new Airborne Early Warning aircraft equipped with Israeli ELM-2085 Phased array radar (Phalcon) and SIGINT platform. The process is scheduled to span over 24 months.

In May 2007 Singapore officially confirmed its intention to buy four Gulfstream G550 special mission business jets, configured for Airborne Early Warning missions. These aircraft will replace four Northrop Grumman E-2C Hawkeye aircraft currently in service. The first aircraft is scheduled for delivery this year According to the Singapore MOD, the G550 AEW will be capable of flying 9 hours missions at an altitude of 41,000ft (12,500m). With a longer range and higher ceiling (up to 51,000 ft), compared to the Hawkeye, the G550 AEW will provide long-range detection of low-flying targets and better support long range strike fighters such as the new F-15SG.

Singapore will receive the first aircraft of this year, and all four are expected to be operational by 2010. No details were released about the electronic and radar suite to be installed in the aircraft, but, it is a known fact that the only system currently available for this platform is the Israeli IAI/Elta 2085 PHALCON radar, developed for four Israel Air Force G550 AEW aircraft known as Eitam, currently being delivered by IAI/Elta. The first aircraft was handed over by Gulfstream on September 2006.

The PHALCON suite includes four sensors – radar, friend or for identification system (IFF), Electronic Support Measures electronic intelligence (ESM/ELINT) and Communications Signal Monitoring / Communications Intelligence (CSM/COMINT) systems. All sensors are fed through a unique fusion technique, providing continuous cross-correlation of targets generated by all sensors, providing automated system-wide tracks of targets detected by each sensor. The multi-beam, electronically scanning phased array radar utilizes time-space energy management technique facilitating effective, multi-mode operations and coverage of 360 degrees using only four planar sections – two in conformal arrays, and two at the nose cone and tail sections.

Derivatives of this radar system are operational with the Chilean Air Force and are under final integration on IL-76 aircraft for the Indian Air Force. Israel Aerospace Industries developed the G550 AEW system as part of a broad range of special mission aircraft, based on Gulfstream’s jets. One of these is a SIGNT platform, developed by IAI’s subsidiary Elta Systems, for the Israel Air Force. For these applications Elta is offering the EL/I-3001 AISIS – Airborne Integrated SIGINT multi-role Airborne Integrated Signal Intelligence System (AISIS). The system is designed to monitor electromagnetic signals (mostly radars) and communication network environments from long-range, creating an ‘electronic order of battle’ picture of all relevant threats, providing up-to-date tactical and strategic intelligence feeding the nation’s intelligence database. AISIS can search, intercept, measure, locate, analyze, classify and monitor many types of ground, airborne and naval transmissions, characterized by short duration, variety of signal types and frequent changes in signals parameters.

A different special mission aircraft of the Gulfstream 5 platform is IAI’s MARS² – a multi-role airborne system designed to operate as a fast-deployment, all-in-one task force. MARS² enhances the situational picture available to theater commanders, with real time radar, imagery, electronic intelligence sensors linked on-board with command, control and communication (C3) functions creating intelligence and situational picture for effective battle command of special mission.

The following articles are included in this review:

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets
New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower
Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow
Singapore Establishes a Networked Air Defense Capability
Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation
Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities
Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style
India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008

Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow – Singapore Airshow 2008

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

ST Aero unveiled at the 2008 Singapore Airshow a number of new UAVs, including the vertical take-off and landing Fantail 5000, the Skyblade III electrically powered hand-launched mini-UAV, and Skyblade IV tactical small UAV capable to fly missions for up to 12 hours.

ST Aero displayed here a number of UAVs, including the vertical take-off and landing “Fantail 5000”, a 6.5 kg variant of the Fantail family of VTOL UAVs capable of operating at a range of 8 km and a maximum speed of 90 knots. This UAV can hover continuously for about 30 minutes. It represents a significant growth compared to the earlier Fantail 3000 version, which was quite limited by weather and wind conditions.

Another UAV developed in Singapore is ST Aero’s Skyblade III, a five kg vehicle following the general outline of the Elbit System’s Skylark I design (although Elbit denied any part in the Singaporean program). Launched by hand and supported by two soldiers, Skyblade III can operate at latitudes between 300 and 1,500 ft. All avionics, sensors, communications and the power source are contained in a large pod suspended below the tube-shaped fuselage.

Another member of ST Aero’s Skyblade family is the Skyblade IV, a V tail shaped 2 meter long tactical UAV with a wing span of 3.5 meters, this vehicle weighs 50kg on takeoff and carries up to 12 kg of usable payload. It can climb up to 15,000 ft flying a mission of 12 hours. The range of 100 km is limited mostly by line-of-sight communications. Skyblade IV will be equipped with an EO/IR payload. This UAV is expected to fly in 2009.

The Singapore Air Force is the lead operator of UAVs in the island city state. The air forces’ UAV command operates three squadrons, flying IAI/Malat Searcher, Heron and Elbit Systems/Hermes 450. The Singapore Army is expected to be the lead service for the smaller UAVs. Singapore is planning to field mini-UAVs as part of its land forces modernization but has not yet decided on which system to procure.

Following the induction of Hermes 450 into service with the Singapore Air Force; UAV wing, Elbit Systems introduced improved versions of its Hermes family, including Hermes 900, Hermes 450B and a modified version of the Hermes 450 fitted with a new engine, contributing to much improved payload capacity. The Hermes 900 was displayed in a full scale, 15 m’ wing span model representing the latest addition to the Hermes family of UAVs. The prototype is expected to fly this year. Haim Kellerman, general manager of Elbit Systems UAV activities, told Defense Update that the new Hermes will fully integrate with current Hermes 450 systems, offering users to extend their capabilities and assume more challenging missions, with longer endurance, and heavier payloads (the ‘900 will have a gross takeoff weight of 970 kg, carrying up to 300 kg of payloads). It is designed for all-weather operations it will use fully redundant, fault-tolerant avionics, and will be powered by fully-certified Rotax engine. The aircraft will be equipped with reconnaissance and surveillance payloads such as EO and SAR, communications intelligence or electronic signal intelligence collection systems etc. Over short and medium range missions, the system maintains secure, redundant line-of-sight (LOS) datalink as well as redundant satellite communications when employed on long range missions, beyond line of sight (BLOS).

The new Hermes 900 will be equipped with advanced features including built-in autonomous emergency procedures, Air Traffic Control (ATC) radio, radio relay and IFF transponder, effectively integrating the unmanned aircraft for flight in ATC controlled segregated airspace while safely sharing flight corridors with conventional air traffic. Auto-Takeoff and Landing (IATOL) system, effectively integrating the unmanned aircraft with certified for such missions enabling auto-landing even in alternate non-instrumented runways. The aircraft will be controlled by the Universal Ground Control System (UGCS), already used with Hermes family systems.

Hermes 450, the workhorse of the Israel Air Force UAV units was proven as an instrumental asset during the War in Lebanon in 2006. A new Hermes 450 unit delivered to the British Army, supported by Thales UK was urgently dispatched to improve reconnaissance and surveillance for the coalition forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. In total, in the recent years the Hermes 450 fleet surpassed 60,000 operational hours.

At the Singapore Airshow Elbit Systems displayed two of the Hermes 450 models – the Watchkeeper platform, also known as Hermes 450B and the evolved version of the Hermes 450 recently , equipped with a new R902 utilizing a wide rotary (wankel) engine block developed by Elbit Systems. According to Kellerman, the new engines can be retrofitted to the Hermes 450 aircraft in service. The engine has fuel injection system which further improved fuel consumption, an integral electrical starter, automatic takeoff and landing and remotely controlled brakes integrated in the landing gear, improving self sufficiency at forward operation bases. The introduction of the new engine improves power/weight ration of the platform, increasing gross takeoff by 17% (470 kg to 550 kg), providing for more fuel for extended mission endurance (adding about 10 hours), without relying on external fuel.

Development of the Watchkeeper is at the final phase. Addressing the UK requirements, this robust platform was designed with dual-payload system capability as a baseline. It is also designed to operate in cold, rough weather conditions, equipped with de-icing system. Watchkeeper is designed to comply with future visual and instrument flying rules in segregated airspace and through civilian air traffic corridors, and Elbit expects it will be fully certified for such missions.

The following articles are included in this review:

New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower – Singapore Airshow 2008

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

The inaugural Singapore Airshow was held from the 19 – 24 February 2008 at a brand new show site at Changi North. The new venue, coupled with a purpose-built exhibition hall, beautiful sea-front attracted over 35,000 trade visitors (90,000 guests over public days) and was well received among 800+ exhibitors from 51 countries. Backed by enthusiastic support from 59 of the world’s top 100 aerospace companies, and riding the wave of regional growth the Singapore Airshow was 40% bigger than past ‘Asian Aerospace’ airshows held in Singapore. The success of Singapore Airshow 2008 is evident from the strong show of support from exhibitors. 70% of them have already confirmed bookings for the Airshow in 2010.

Singapore Airshow 2008 also attracted the largest delegation groups with 240 government and international delegations visiting over the 4 trade days. Among the visiting aviation industry leaders were 21 airline CEOs as well as the heads of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

The show closed on a high note with over US$13 billion in sales of aircraft and related equipment announced during show days. In addition, a further $2.6 billion was also generated from contracts for facilities and other services, demonstrating the surging growth of the region’s aviation industry at Asia’s largest-ever trade event.

f16b52_sing — New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore's Airpower

While Singapore’s appetite for new fighters is seemingly satisfied, it is always on the watch to keep its aircraft updated and operationally fully capable. Singapore is also planning to enhance the strike capability of its F-16s. The Ministry of Defense and Air Force are evaluating several proposals for advanced targeting pods to be carried on the new Falcons. Lockheed Martin and Rafael are competing on the planned procurement of a third batch of targeting pods to equip Singapore’s latest F-16 Block 52 aircraft.

Both companies are already contracted to supply targeting pods to the Singapore Air Force. Lockheed Martin was selected to equip the F-15SG with the Sniper Advanced targeting Pod (ATP), the most advanced system currently fielded with U.S. Air Force’s Air Combat Command units, flying on F-15Es, F-16s, A-10s, B-1s. The Sniper is also being integrated on the B-52 aircraft. Snipers have been selected to equip recently delivered F-16s and F-18s. Singapore already operates Rafael’s Litening pods with some of its F-16s. Rafael offered a more advanced system of the Litening, providing superior resolution, longer range, and better geo-location and geo-targeting precision. Singapore also operates the Pathfinder navigation pod (AN/AAQ20) on some of the F-16s. Singapore also operates older Lantirn pods on some of its US based aircraft used for training. Trying to meet capabilities currently available with other modern fighters, Lockheed Martin is offering a retrofit of an Infra-Red Search Track capability for their F-16. This device uses the IRST developed for the JSF in a podded installation derived from the company’s Pathfinder targeting pod.

Another pod unveiled at the show was the Indian SIVA Electronic Support System, developed by the Indian Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE). The pod weighs 100 kg can be carried by the Su-30 aircraft on standard rocket attachment point and is interfacing with the aircraft radar warning systems and avionics. The pod covers a forward arc of 60 degrees and provides target accuracy of 1-2 RMS. The SIVA pod will enable the Indian Air Force to conduct electronic reconnaissance missions and support air defense suppression missions by providing accurate targeting for radar suppression missiles and other guided weapons.

While targeting pods were developed and are being operated as an integral element of precision airstrike, in modern asymmetric warfare, they are commonly used for intelligence collection and ad-hoc target acquisition missions known as “Non-Traditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance” (NTISR). Singapore, like other modern air forces, is considering these capabilities for current and future forces. Both Sniper and Litening are already performing NTISR missions. In addition, Rafael’s tactical recce pod known as Reccelite provides high resolution imagery and more effective coverage, supperior to all targeting pods. Reccelite was used by the Israel Air Force during the recent war in Lebanon. Operational with Spanish and Dutch air forces, Reccelite is identical to the Litening in size and attachments, automatically activated on the aircraft similar to a ‘plug and play’ device. The Dutch air force operates the Reccelite pod with regular F-16s squadrons, deployed with mixed F-16 formations carrying either Litening or Reccelite pods.

Another modernization option looming for the F-16 is the SABRE (Scalable Agile Beam Radar), is a modular radar unveiled by Northrop Grumman. This AESA radar was derived partially from the AN/APG-80 developed for the F-16E Block 60 aircraft delivered to the UAE. While AN/APG-80 is already integrated on the F-16IN (offered to India) Northrop Grumman is offering SABRE as a retrofit for F-16 Block 50/52 models sold in large numbers in recent years. Since the new radar can be shaped and designed to fit in the nose of the F-16 and its power and cooling requirements are similar, Northrop Grumman considers it to be a natural choice to air forces operating the F-16, since the new radar is expected to be much superior to the current APG-68(V)9 radar. Furthermore, as the technology becomes mature, the reliability of AESA radars is expected to be significantly higher than current systems using a single high power emitter and mechanical steering. Raytheon is also offering AESA radars for new and upgraded F-15s. Singapore plans to integrate the AN/APG-63(V)3 AESA radar into the 24 F-15SG scheduled to enter production soon. Similar upgrades could take place in South Korea, particularly if Seoul decides to buy additional 60 F-15K as part of its future combat aircraft program. Other countries that could be using Raytheon’s AESA radars are India and Japan, both are considering the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet for future buys. Australia already selected the Super Hornet as an interim fighter aircraft, filling the gap until the JSF becomes operational.

The following articles are included in this review:

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets
New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower
Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow
Singapore Establishes a Networked Air Defense Capability
Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation
Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities
Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style
India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets

By

admin

-

Mar 1, 2008

In the forthcoming years, the Singapore Air Force will be operating a formidable air force flying over 130 combat aircraft, half of which are brand new (42 F-16C/D Block 52 and 24 F-15SG). The remaining are F-16 of various types. The next big program planned for the city state is to field 8-12 advanced jet trainers (AJT) to support the new jets. Singapore is expected to announce its decision by 2009/2010. It is not clear which companies responded to the Singaporean request for information, but the daily flight displays Aermacchchi M-346 and Korean Aerospace Industries (KAI)/Lockheed Martin T-50 at the Singapore Airshow are hinting about some of the possibilities.

BAE Systems is believed to be offering the Hawk AJT. This will be the second phase of Singapore’s pilot training revolution, after Lockheed Martin was selected to operate and maintain all basic training aircraft and facilities for the Singapore Air Force. This program is truly international. The whole program will be managed by a U.S. company. The Pilatus PC-21 aircraft are built in Switzerland (the first flew for the first time last month); operations are scheduled to begin in Australia this summer. Singapore is reportedly interested in a similar Public Private Partnership (PPP) to operate the AJT and the Ministry of defense is expected to release a request for proposal for training services integration package later this year.

The following articles are included in this review:

Singapore Formulates Requirements for New Advanced Training Jets
New Radars, Targeting Pods to Enhance Singapore’s Airpower
Unmanned Aerial vehicles at the Singapore Airshow
Singapore Establishes a Networked Air Defense Capability
Asia-Pacific Air Powers Address Asymmetric Threats & Cooperation
Afghan Missions Are Shaping NATO’s Priorities
Airpower Fighting Terror – the Israeli Style
India’s Arms Procurement Programs Discussed at the Defexpo 2008

US Air Force Selects KC-45A as KC-135 Replacement

By

admin

-

Feb 29, 2008

The U.S. Air Force announced the selection of Northrop Grumman (NYSE:NOC) to build its next-generation air-refueling tanker aircraft. The estimated $35 billion program calls for the production up to 179 new KC-45A tankers, to be built over the next decade. The KC-45A is based on the A330 Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) system, built by Airbus, a division of the European aerospace giant EADS. Northrop Grumman teamed with EADS to introduce the MRTT as a competitor to the US built KC767 proposed by Boeing. Northrop Grumman stressed that although the A330 is a European aircraft, the KC-45A will essentially be a US built aircraft – as it is supported by 230 domestic suppliers contributing about 60% of the platform’s content. Furthermore, the program will support more than 25,000 jobs in the USA. According to Northrop Grumman the manufacturing and support infrastructure for the KC-45A will create a new ‘aerospace manufacturing corridor’ in the Southeastern USA, creating 2,500 new jobs in and around Mobile Alabama, where the new aircraft will be assembled.

Australian A330 MRTT shown here refuelling Australian F/A-18 aircraft during a test flight. Photo via: Northrop Grumman.

More than a KC-135 Replacement

According to the US Air Force the KC-45A will introduce a significant increase in performance, compared to the current KC-135. Furthermore, as a secondary role, it will be able to fly passengers, cargo, casualties and fuel over long distances. The aircraft will therefore expand the U.S. air force’s flexibility to support operations in distant theaters. Its mission endurance and range could be further extended by aerial refueling from other tanker (current KC-135s partially support such capability today). The KC-45A will have the capability to carry an air refueling pod on each wing. It will be equipped to support US Air Force aircraft, as well as US Navy, Marines and aircraft operated by allied air forces. Since different refueling systems (boom and probe) are employed by the Air Force and Navy aircraft, the current KC-135s must be set up for each specific task before takeoff (only 20 of the KC-135s are geared for this capability today). The KC-45A will be equipped for both systems on every flight and also will have connections for wing pods. When wing pods are installed, it will be able to refuel two probe-equipped aircraft, such as those flown by Navy and many allied aircrews, at the same time. In this configuration it will cut almost in half the amount of time it takes a four-ship formation to cycle across the tanker. The new tanker will also be able to download fuel to storage bladders on the ground, supporting ground vehicles, reducing some of the burden and vulnerability from ground bound supply convoys. To improve its survivability to guided surface-to-air missiles, the aircraft will be equipped with defensive therefore expanding its capability to operating from or within dangerous environments that current tanker aircrews usually avoid.

The new Air Refuelling Boom System (ARBS) developed for the A330 shown during a test flight on an A310. The boom was recently tested for the first time offloading fuel to an F-16. Photo: EADS. According to Air Force Gen. Arthur J. Lichte, commander of Air Mobility Command based at Scott Air Force Base, Ill., if the program will progress on track the first test aircraft should be flying by 2010. Air Mobility Command provides the U.S. military with passenger, cargo, tanker and other aircraft support.

The Air Force should receive the first group of operational KC-45A aircraft around 2013. The Air Force is awarding Northrop Grumman an initial $1.5 billion contract for the design and development of the KC-45 system, and the delivery of four KC-45 test aircraft. This contract also includes five production options targeted for 64 aircraft at $10.6 billion. 128 Future orders are expected to bring the total program value up to $35 billion.

Boeing Files a Protest Calling for GAO Review of the Air Force’s Decision

As part of the selection process, the air force compared two proposals, provided by Boeing and Northrop Grumman. The evaluation compared the two platforms along nine key performance parameters and five evaluation factors: mission capability, proposal risk, past performance, cost/price and an integrated fleet air refueling assessment performance in a simulated war scenario. Next week the Air Force is planning to debrief both bidders about the process and how each proposal fared in the evaluation.

The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA) complained about the delay and filed a request to receive an immediate debriefing. According to Mark McGraw, vice president – 767 tanker programs, their proposal should have been lower than the competitor, “Based on values disclosed in the Air Force press conference and press release, the Boeing bid, comprising development and all production airplane costs, would appear to be less than the competitor” he said. Boeing viewed the tanker competition as ‘must win’ top priority program. “We bid aggressively with specific focus on providing operational tanker capability at low risk and the lowest total life cycle cost,” said McGraw. Boeing hints that there may have been factors beyond those stated in the RFP, or weighted differently than originally planned, during the evaluation and decision process. “It’s important for us to understand how the Air Force reached their conclusion” said McGraw.

Following a debriefing on the decision by the Air Force on March 7, 2008 Boeing officials spent three days reviewing the Air Force case for its tanker award. A rigorous analysis of the Air Force evaluation that resulted in the Northrop/EADS contract led Boeing to the conclusion that a protest was necessary. Based on the review Boeing announced it plans to file a protest asking the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to review the Air Forces’ decision. “Based upon what we have seen, we continue to believe we submitted the most capable, lowest risk, lowest Most Probable Life Cycle Cost airplane as measured against the Air Force’s Request for Proposal,” Jim McNerney, Boeing chairman, president and chief executive officer. “We look forward to the GAO’s review of the decision.”

Following the certification of the Japanese KC-767 tanker, Boeing delivered two KC-767 aerial refuelling aircraft to the Itochu Corp. for Japan’s Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). Japan has ordered four convertible freighter 767s, providing flexibility in carrying cargo or passengers while maintaining its primary role as an aerial refueling tanker. It features Boeing’s advanced aerial refueling boom and Remote Aerial Refueling Operator (RARO II) system. Boeing is scheduled to deliver the remaining two refueling aircraft in 2009 and 2010. Italy has also fur KC-767 on order. The first is scheduled for delivery this year.

Boeing recently delivered the first two KC-767 tankers to Japan. Photo: Boeing

Joint Heavy Lift (JHL)

By

admin

-

Feb 25, 2008

Bell and Boeing are working on a new quad tilt-rotor design for the planned Joint Heavy Lift (JHL) transport aircraft. The design utilizes the ’tilt-rotor’ concept already proven on the CV-22 Osprey, The new aircraft will be capable of operating anywhere in the battlefield, lifting 25-32 ton cargo, representing a Stryker armored infantry carrier, an FCS ground maneuver vehicle or a Marine Corps Light Armored Vehicle (LAV). The aircraft will be able to operate straight from a ship’s deck or forward staging area, cruising at a speed of 275+ knots over 2100 nm unrefuelled, with 19 tons of cargo. Its operating ceiling will be around 25,000 ft, above most air defense and MANPAD threats (an artist concept is shown below).

Another team pursuing JHL is led by Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] which announced teaming with Karem Aircraft Incorporated. The new design will utilize Karem Aircraft’s Optimum Speed Tilt-Rotor (OSTR). This concept is considered one of the three approaches selected by the Department of Defense (DoD)’s Joint Heavy Lift program office to receive a Concept Design and Analysis extension contract. Lockheed Martin’s effort will be led by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics’ Advanced Development Programs organization (The Skunk Works). An artist concept of this design is shown at the top of this page.

The third technology considered by the Army for JHL, is the X2 coaxial rotor system developed by Sikorsky Aircraft. An X2 powered aircraft will be capable of hovering, takeoff and land vertically, maneuver at low speeds, and transition seamlessly from hover to forward flight like a helicopter. In a high-speed configuration, one or more ‘pusher props’ is included in an integrated auxiliary propulsion system to enable high speed with no need to physically reconfigure the aircraft in flight. (A model of the High Speed Lifter is seen in the photo below)

The High Speed Lifter will utilize both counter-rotating vertical lift system and propellers for forward movement at speeds up to 245 knots

Additional articles in this review:

Tactical Image and Intelligence Exploitation Systems

By

admin

-

Feb 25, 2008

Miniature Video Recorders and cameras

PhotoTelesis from Symetrics Industries group developed lightweight video recce system (LVRS) which is currently in service with special forces. The image acquisition and transmission device integrates image processing, storage, display, annotation and management functions. The whole system can be packed in low weight, compact system called the Military MicroRIT (MMR) or operate in a ruggedized laptop. For applications requiring covert image acquisition by even smaller systems, Sekai Electronics introduced a smaller device called MTE-100 Ultra Compact Camera Recorder. This matchbox sized miniature device provides the same image quality of the TMC-100 but has an integrated battery for 30 days standby or 3 hours continuous recording. It also supports a local area network wireless (LAN).

Panoramic Vision

RemoteReality introduced at AUSA Winter its latest version of 360 degree visual awareness sensor, a single camera covering all directions, all the time with continuous video coverage. RemoteReality is offering its system for security systems, as well as for manned and unmanned vehicles, offering enhanced situational awareness, integration with weapon targeting and improved navigation.

Advanced Workstations for Intelligence Analysts

Lockheed Martin is promising to revolutionize the way intelligence analysts and planners see the world and work with imagery data. For image processing and exploitation at a large scale, the company is promoting its version of analyst workstations, implementing the Global Visualization Services (Global ViSe) and Analyst Roundtable. Global Vise is creating an immersive visualization tool vastly improving the understanding situations and managing operations. The system is integrating layers upon layers of discrete data in an intuitive and dynamic interface, eliminating the need to access each database individually. Users can access images, targets or reports using ‘point-and-click on geographically represented map, aerial photo or design.

Overwatch, now an established member of the Textron Systems group, is implementing its software applications with the workstations the Army is deploying for operating with the Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A) segment of the joint DoD wide intelligence network. The U.S. Army is accelerating DCGS-A upgrades to improve the level of military intelligence support in theater. Upgrades planned within the next 24 months will streamline deployed systems with V3 configuration which will establish commonality and interoperability among analysts, focusing intelligence efforts on analytical thinking instead of repetitive data entry, and reduce training burdens by eliminating tools with similar capabilities. This version will also incorporate the AXIS Pro link analysis software from Overwatch, a new link building tool assisting analysts to discover and extract information more effectively and distribute it faster to the supported units.

SAIC is also introducing the Champion, Counter-Intelligence, Human intelligence (CI/HUMINT) advanced modernization program. While information generated by automatic or manually controlled sensors is flooding the network, HUMINT information sources are less abundant. Separating valuable information from ‘chaff’ is difficult and work intensive and most often, the flow of HUMINT slows down to a mere trickle, in contrast to the information flood coming from networked sensors. The Champion program has addresses this shortfall. While the HUMINT collection process remains unchanged, Champion optimizes the reporting of critical intelligence, by tagging and referencing the relevant elements in the reports, applying XML-tagging routines, providing geo-referencing and enabling web services. This process improves the analyst’s link to intelligence collection across the tactical level and up to the national level. The program has already demonstrated improvement in reporting capabilities with the current portal-based service providing geo-referenced visualization of the collection operations management mission. This portal is being transitioned into an operational system and is expected to become a fully integrated system next year (FY09).

Warfighters take a four-dimmensional Introductory tour of the battlespace

A different image processing system is currently in development at SAIC. The 4DAR is a photorealistic application, accurate down to the graffiti on buildings walls simultaneously presenting three-dimensional photorealistic terrain, intelligence data and time (the fourth dimension of 4DAR). The system enables soldiers to see, experience and understand their future areas of operations – from the boots on the ground perspective – even before they leave home station.

MWIR Compact Modular Imager from L3

L3 Communications developed a Compact Modular Imager (CMI) utilizing a 20µm 640×512 Indium Antimonide (InSb) Medium Wave Infrared (MWIR) focal plane array (FPA) operating in the 3.6 – 4.95 µm spectral band . To take full advantage of the new FPA, a new linear dewar cooler design was incorporated offering over 10,000 hours of operation. The sensor is mounted in a rugged open frame module enabling simple integration into multisensor payloads and weapon platforms. The sensor provides 14bit real-time digital data output at up to 60Hz frame rate and uses standard RS422 serial interface for full remote operation. According to L3 Com, higher frame rates are achieved using an addressable window mode. The FLIR has a C)2 notch filter to minimize atmospheric interference to further enhance the MWIR performance in high humidity conditions.

Laser Illuminated Cameras Extend the Soldier’s Vision

As the demand for imagery is increasing, users require better vision, from longer range under the most difficult conditions, as sensors are challenged by sharp contrasts, low light levels, obstruction and interference. As specialist in high performance digital imaging systems, Intevac Inc. is offering a line of digital image intensifiers (DI2) and laser illuminated viewing and An infrared camera based on the Digital Image Intensifier (right) from Intevac. Phto: Tamir Eshel ranging systems, addressing the needs for compact, high performance vision at the tactical level. The E3010M DI2 is a self contained sensor module specifically designed for integration into imaging systems such as head or helmet mounted displays, rifle sights and small EO/IR surveillance systems. The sensor incorporates a compact, integrated element ensemble, including an SXGA (1280×1024 pixel) electron-bombarded CMOS sensor, high voltage power supply, low voltage power supply, FLASH memory (which also contains image correction parameters). The sensor operates in the 500-900 nm band (GEN II GaAs photocathode) and has a dynamic range supporting ‘twilight to starlight’ conditions. It can also work in daylight condition while the high voltage is switched off, operating in the Near IR (NIR) band.

Comparison of infrared camera and Laser Illuminated Viewing and Ranging (LIVAR) camera, both pictures are taken from a range of 600 meters. LIVAR uses Short Range Infrared enhanced with laser illumination, to deliver a detailed, sharp image under dificult lighting conditions. Image: Intevac.
Intevac is also introducing the Laser Illuminated Viewing And Ranging (LIVAR) – Short Wave IR (SWIR) based cameras, integrated with a laser illuminator to form a long-range viewing and ranging system, that can work in parallel t a FLIR device. SWIR sensors can effectively penetrate battlefield osbcurants, windshields and windows, in day and night, overcoming many of the limitations that earlier systems demonstrated when operating in asymmetric warfare scenarios. In an integrated FLIR/SWIR/LIVAR system, the FLIR is used as the primary sensor for threat detection, spotting a potential target at long range. As the target gets within the LIVAR range, the system sets the gate range for target location and then provides high-resolution digital stream of images for positive combat identification Using range-gated laser illumination, the system contributes to positive stand-off combat identification and high resolution imagery.

The laser operates in ‘eyesafe’ wavelength band. LIVAR 500 is designed as a compact integrated sensor, for integration in mounted or dismounted applications. The LIVAR 500 uses a TE Photocathode (EBCMOS) focal plane array with 640×480 element matrix with spectral response range of 950-1650 nm.

Medium Range EO Infrared sensor System (MREO) for FCS Vehicles

The Medium Range EO Infrared sensor System (MREO) will be used on the manned combat system (MCS) and Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV), as well as the armed robotic vehicle – assault light (ARV-A-L) unmanned system. It will provide the ‘eyes’ of the ground-based platform. This stabilized, day/night networked multi-sensor includes a mid-wave thermal imager (MWIR), color/low-light TV and laser illuminated imager. The MWIR sensor is based on L3 communications’ 640×512 matrix, 20 micron dual-aperture IR camera. The system has a three-axis stabilization in pitch, roll and yaw, maintaining stable line of sight while on the move, or when elevated on a mast, remotely controlled by the crew or via the vehicle’s network communications, by external platforms or dismounted soldiers. The operator can control the system manually, as imagery from the sensor, with video from color daylight or low-light video monitored on the vehicle’s user screens. The image is presented in high resolution over a panoramic, medium/narrow and super narrow FOV.

The multifunction laser can assists the crew in long range target identification (supported MWIR laser gated imaging). As a multi-function laser it also provides rangefinding and target designation; the system provides far target locations (FTL) of all targets tracked by the system. It provides target location and designation for on-board weapons as well as external effects. In an automatic mode the system feeds the thermal and visible imagery to the automatic aided target recognition (AiTR) processor, which classifies and prioritizes the imagery to highlight multiple air and ground targets, discriminated and tracked under all weather and visibility conditions. The MREO sensor can be mounted on the turret surface or elevated on a telescopic mast.

Being part of the planned 2nd and 3rd ‘SpinOut’ phases, MREO is expected to become a standard sensor package to be fielded throughout the U.S. Army’s tactical mobile units in the next decade. The system uses the modular, miniaturized Common Electro-Optical Electronics Unit (CEEU) for image processing and control. This COTS based processor provides automatic tracking, interface the sensor, vehicle’s systems and on-board C4ISR systems, range, positioning and geo-location, as well as image recording, storage and distribution services. Another module, handling the systems power intensive functions is the power and servo controller.

Additional articles in this review:

AUSA Winter Exhibition Review 2008
Armored Vehicles at AUSA Winter 2008
Hightech Gear for the Dismounted Warfighter
Defense Electronics at AUSA Winter 2008
Scalable Response Means More Choices for the Warfighters
Tactical Image and Intelligence Exploitation Systems
Joint Heavy Lift (JHL)

Scalable Response Means More Choices for the Warfighters

By

admin

-

Feb 25, 2008

General Dynamics Ordnance and tactical Systems promoted both lethal and less than lethal means for force protection. The company is offering a 66mm grenade system with a range of less than lethal munitions firing smoke countermeasures and multi-spectral obscuration, and counter-personnel non-lethal effects. The grenades are used for detection avoidance, acquisition avoidance and hit avoidance against directed and guided weapons. Used as counter-personnel non-lethal effects, these grenades can be fired from increased standoff with placement accuracy for controlling or dispersing crowds and denies or secures certain risk areas.

Taser introduced the Shockwave – a command-activated area denial system. The baseline Shockwave unit is a command activated, 6-shot device that covers a 20-degree arc with 25ft XP TASER electronic control device (ECD) cartridges. When activated, Shockwave units saturate the defended area with the Taser devices which incapacitate personnel with reversible, non-lethal effects of the Taser Neuro Muscular Incapacitation (NMI). When deployed in a stacked configuration, each activation of the fire control button commands the array to sequentially fire rows of TASER cartridges via a smart addressing system . As a protective measure when waves of target sets are encountered, additional 5-second exposures are administered to already expended rows with each firing. Shockwave deployment keeps previously targeted personnel down and incapacitated while subsequent target sets are engaged – a truly scalable defense in depth capability. Multiple Shockwave units can be stacked or ‘daisy-chained ‘ to form longer or wider barriers, or allow for more than one salvo to be fired, as required by the mission. Taser Internaional is planning to release the Shockwave for pilot evaluations in the summer of 2008.

Among the lethal types of ammunition GD-OTS developed for the 40mm weapon family is the M1001 High Velocity Canister Cartridge (HVCC). This grenade is loaded with 113 flechettes darts (2″ long), which are dispersed after the cartridge is fired, producing a close pattern densely covering an area 100 x133 cm, at a distance of 50 meters, or about 5×5 meter at a distance of 100 meters. The HVCC is designed for use with the MK19 Grenade Machine Gun. It is highly effective even against protected personnel (such as soldiers wearing body armor), the M1001 can be fired from stand-off range or from close range.

Advanced warheads are one of the domains mastered by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GDOTS). At AUSA Winter 2008 the company unveiled the K-Charge a patented multipurpose shaped charge warhead. The K-Charge design is scalable from shoulder fired weapons to fixed and portable land-based delivery systems, to air delivered systems from aircraft and helicopters. The compact design packs the same lethal effect of comparable diameter, heavier and larger warheads. The patented design uses multiple detonation points, either peripheral or central detonation point to shape the size and effect of the penetrator. K-Charge is currently used with the Javelin missile, and Enhanced Fiber-Optic-Guided missile and is being integrated with the Precision Attack Missile and Mid-Range Munition (MRM).

Another missile looming on the horizon is the Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM), building on key technologies developed for the Joint Common Missile (JCM) program cancelled by the U.S. Army few years ago. JAGM will have a range exceeding 20 km, more than doubling the current Hellfire range. This missile will carry an integral internet protocol (IP) based data radio, providing access to ‘targeting during fly’, from multiple sources. The missile will utilize a the tri- mode seeker, matured with the JCM program. This seeker will provide precision targeting capability with fire-and-forget technology against moving or stationary targets in smoke, dust or poor weather. Its warhead will be designed as a common, multi-purpose warhead, effective against a wide target set including armored threats, maneuvering boats, bunkers and other targets including use in urban warfare scenarios.

Another ‘Hellfire extender’ is the P44/P42 offered by Lockheed Martin. This missile was developed internally funded by its own resources. This missile will enable ground forces to extend the effect currently generated by the Hellfire II missile over a range of more than 70 km. These missile can be deployed and fire from an MLRS or HIMARS rocket carrier. With P44/42, an MLRS unit will be able to score a direct hit at a moving target traveling at a distance of 40 km within 2.9 minutes.

Additional articles in this review:

AUSA Winter Exhibition Review 2008
Armored Vehicles at AUSA Winter 2008
Hightech Gear for the Dismounted Warfighter
Defense Electronics at AUSA Winter 2008
Scalable Response Means More Choices for the Warfighters
Tactical Image and Intelligence Exploitation Systems
Joint Heavy Lift (JHL)

Defense Electronics at AUSA Winter 2008

By

admin

-

Feb 25, 2008

Since its first deployment in the early 2000s, the Army’s FBCB2 command and control system was proven as one of the most valuable command and control combat assets. Incorporating the latest developments in digital information processing and networking, DRS Technologies, the hardware subcontractor for Northrop Grumman, began shipments of the new generation of the fully militarized FBCB2 JV-5 computer system, which will run the FBCB2 applications on armored vehicles. The new computer uses multi-core processing units, increased memory and has expansion capability to allow future technology improvements. In the past years DRS supplied over 50,000 earlier versions of the computer systems for the FBCB2 program.

Thales Offers Imagery on Demand

Networking is becoming a critical component in modern battle and the ability to collect, distribute, share, and exploit intelligence, imagery and situational understanding is one of the fastest growing applications utilized over those networks. To support these capabilities Thales Land & Joint Systems is introducing a new family of services called Imagery on Demand (IoD) providing a range of products optimized for image dissemination. These scalable products are designed for deployment on manned and unmanned aircraft, armored vehicles, naval vessels and even operate as hand-held items by dismounted soldiers. Thales’ IoD products are designed to handle and transfer digital video over tactical radios, tactical data-links and any IP based communications channel. Systems are ranging from PMC IoD or 3U Compact PCI cards (weighing only 150 or 230 gram respectively) that can be integrated as modules in wearable, or airborne computers, to heavier modules weighing 15-20 kg, used on ships or armored vehicles. IoD functionality includes data integrity, forward error correction and delay-tolerant networking (DTN) supporting targeting applications. the system provides numerically lossless image compression and interactive compression adaptable to real time, non real time, narrow-band and interactive applications. Data relay support and remote sensor platform storage are also provided.

WIN-T Progress

Another hot topic at AUSA Winter 2008 was the U.S. Army’s new battlefield called WIN-T. This network will provide on-the- move, high speed, high capacity backbone communications network, linking the warfighters on the battlefield with the Global Information Grid (GIG). The Warfighter Information Network – Tactical (WIN-T) network introduces a mobile, ad-hoc, self-configuring, self healing network, using satellite communications (Satcom) for beyond-line-of-sight on-the-move (OTM) communications, robust network management and high bandwidth radio systems to keep mobile forces connected, communicating and synchronized. Recently restructured, the program will begin deployment soon with Increment 1, supporting fixed and stationary command elements with ‘Satcom on the halt’. The follow-on Increment 2 phase to be fielded next year will support two new waveforms – the NCW and Highband Networking Waveform (HNW) supporting high capacity line of sight communications. It will also introduce Satcom on-the-move (OTM) capability on command vehicles (HMMWV). The next phase will be ready for testing by 2011, and will be fully operational with FCS units.

JTRS Debuts the Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW)

Another element of FCS connectivity demonstrated at AUSA Winter 2008 was the joint tactical radio network (JTRS) Ground Mobile Radio (GMR), which was demonstrated with the new wideband networking waveform (WNW) capability developed specifically for FCS. Seven applications were simultaneously run, sharing live streaming video, data and voice over the network operated among four locations, at the Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Rockwell Collins and BAE Systems’ display booths. WNW establishes secure, internet-like network capability with deployed units, operated while on the move or in stationary positions. GMR is a family of common, modular software programmable tactical radios designed to run multiple waveforms, simultaneously supporting different communications functions. The standard GMR set demonstrated here included two radio channels and two RF power amplifiers, attached to a system controller, all mounted on a common chassis and attached to a remote control console, designed for vehicular application. The current set was designed for demonstration and developmental purposes only and does not represent the future tactical radio configuration. Eventually, all modules will be packed into a single case which will offer modularity, configuration flexibility, high reliability and ease of use.

On-The-Move Satcom Terminals

The new requirement for Satcom on the move represents a big opportunity for manufacturers of satellite communications terminals, particularly those offering low-profile antennae positioning designed for vehicular applications. At AUSA Winter, Cobham and EMS Technologies displayed such systems. A new Satcom product at the show was the Satlink KA10 developed by WindMill International and displayed at the EMS DS&S booth. This compact, lightweight and portable global broadcast service receive only unit. Weighing only 23.5 lbs (about 12kg) and operating from standard (BA5590), vehicle batteries of AC power, KA10 is set up in five minutes and can automatically acquire satellite signal in less than eight minutes. Once locked on the satellite beam it demonstrated full data rate transfer of up to 29.5 Mb/sec. The terminal can support Type 1 cryptographic processing (up to top secret level).

Additional articles in this review:

AUSA Winter Exhibition Review 2008
Armored Vehicles at AUSA Winter 2008
Hightech Gear for the Dismounted Warfighter
Defense Electronics at AUSA Winter 2008
Scalable Response Means More Choices for the Warfighters
Tactical Image and Intelligence Exploitation Systems
Joint Heavy Lift (JHL)

Is the Turkish Army facing a “Tora Bora” War in Kurdistan?

By

David Eshel

-

Feb 25, 2008

As the US War in Iraq seems to diminish into acceptable proportions late 2007, a new crisis is arising in Iraq’s north, as Turkish Armed Forces started a massive land operation against PKK into Kurdistan before. Led by the Turkish Army’s 7th Corps, commanded by General Bekir Kalyoncu, a division sized force, supported by armor and airpower, is rapidly moving into a sofar limited area of some 35-40 kilometers, before entering into the mountain hideouts of the PKK. Alas, the latter will be quite a different ballgame.

Ankara’s move, which has been anticipated for months, is about the last straw, that President Bush can swallow, in his already strained relations with the newly elected Turkish administration. A highly sensitive issue was barely forfended last October, over the controversial Armenian issue, which brought Ankara and Washington onto a dangerous brinkmanship situation.

The Turkish incursion is quite embarrassing to Washington, which has tried hard to avert such action, as Kurdistan remained the only peaceful region in wartime Iraq. Moreover, the US military, in its effort to pacify Ankara, submitted precision intelligence on PKK locations, through aerial photography and satellite imagery, so that any Turkish action would be limited in sporadic point-target operations, but preventing large-scale offensive operations. Now, with the damage already done, the US and the Iraqi central government are most eager to play down the extent of the invasion or at least, keep it within its proportions. However Kurdish leaders, which are aware of Ankara’s hidden strategic agenda for years, are convinced that the aim of the present Turkish attack is to undermine the Kurdish region, which enjoys autonomous rights close to statehood. Ankara has always regarded the semi-independence of Iraqi Kurdistan and the Kurdish claim to the oil city of Kirkuk, as providing a dangerous example for Turkey’s own Kurds, who are equally yearning for some kind of autonomy.

But for the US forces in Iraq, the logistical situation could become disastrous. About 70 percent of the air cargo that reaches the U.S. Army in Iraq originates in Turkey, as does about 30 percent of the fuel used by the army. If the border crossing is closed, or the Kurdish area becomes a war zone, the logistical supply line could be disrupted. Moreover, the Kurds are liable to decide to remove their thousands of top trained Peshmerga soldiers serving alongside US and government troops in the Baghdad region, to fight against the Turks, significantly undermining the ability of the American forces in Baghdad and its surroundings to confront the challenges still awaiting them. A destabilizing situation in Iraq’s north would also become a nightmare to US military planners, now that “post surge” conditions further south seem to be improving substantially.

To place the situation in geo-demographic perspective: about 30 million Kurds live in the mountainous regions of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey, making them the Middle East’s largest ethnic group without a state. Of these, some 15 million Kurds living in southeastern Turkey have warned that a prolonged Turkish incursion into Iraq would exacerbate tensions with the Ankara government.

In fact, the Turks may be biting off more that they can chew in its new Kurdistan adventure. The Turkish army alone is unlikely to do much damage to the PKK, which has several thousand fighters hidden in a mountainous area that has few roads, currently covered with snow drifts, making tracks virtually impassable.

Even further east, the mountainous region, where the PKK and an Iranian-Turkish guerrilla group known as PJAK operate, is super-tough terrain, with peaks of more than 11,000 feet. An Islamic terrorist group, allegedly affiliated to Al Qaeda, Ansar Al Islam, used it as a base to attack Iraqi Kurds before the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. When the Kurdish Peshmerga fought Saddam Hussein’s formidable army, even the Iraqi government never had firm control over this difficult region, says a veteran Kurdish guerilla leader. “Even Saddam Hussein with chemical weapons couldn’t get people out of that area”, General ‘Mam’ Rostum, a commander of the government loyal Iraqi-Kurdish militia, the Peshmerga, agrees. His own fabled fighters could not dislodge the PKK, he says, “because of the topography, and the PKK is fighting with guerrilla-warfare tactics.” Moreover, the main bases of the PKK are along Iraq’s border with Iran, notably in the rugged Qandil mountains to the south of where the Turkish troops are currently operating. This massive mountain range, between 120 and 150 km (75 and 90 miles) north of the regional capital Arbil, stretches from the tip of southeastern Turkey along the border with Iran.

It is an area described by Iraqis as a natural fortress with its tall peaks, deep valleys and forests that make the perfect terrain for guerrilla warfare. It is here that the Turks could expect stubborn resistance from the Peshmerga, the army of Iraqi Kurdistan with decades of experience fighting a guerrilla war against Saddam.

Turkish leaders in Ankara should remember another war, which was fought under similar conditions. On Christmas 1979, Russian elite paratroopers landed in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. The country was already in the grip of a civil war. The prime minister Hazifullah Amin, tried to sweep aside Muslim tradition within the nation and he wanted a more western slant to Afghanistan. This outraged the majority of those in Afghanistan as a strong tradition of Muslim belief was common in the country. Thousands of Afghanistan Muslims joined the Mujahideen – a guerilla force on a holy mission for Allah. The Mujahideen proved to be a formidable opponent. They were equipped with old rifles but had knowledge of the mountains around Kabul and the weather conditions that would be encountered there. The Russians resorted to using napalm, poison gas and helicopter gun ships against the Mujahedeen – but they experienced exactly the same military scenario the Americans had done in Vietnam. Nearly a decade later, the proud Soviet Army was forced to retreat shamefully, a move which put the end of seventy years of the grand Soviet empire. Is Ankara really so keen to enter into a similar high risk adventure?

The answer may be in an equally risky fighting “entente” with Iran. Indeed, another front may open soon towards the east, as fighting could start by Iran against its own Kurdish rebels. The Kurds have manifested an independent spirit throughout modern Iranian history, rebelling against central government efforts to restrict their autonomy during the Safavid, Qajar, and Pahlavi periods. Another Kurdish uprising took place in 1979, following the Revolution at Mahabad, which became the center of Kurdish resistance. But Ayathollah Khomeini had already warned key Kurdish leaders that any attempts at dismantling Iran would be met with the harshest response, and he sent elite counter-insurgency units to the north. As result, fighting raged with the Iranian military battling Kurdish peshmerga forces from the Free Life Party in the Sardasht region of eastern Iran. Kurdish forces managed to defeat forces of the Tehran regime and even captured a military barracks of the Revolutionary Guards in the village of Mazra! Furious over its setbacks, the Guards used attack helicopters against crowds of demonstrators in the Iranian Kurdish town of Saqqez, killing 13 demonstrators and wounding more than 200. But the fighting did not stop. Last August, An Iraqi Kurdish group shot down a IRGC chopper killing eleven members of its crew. As result, Iranian forces were deployed near the Iraqi town of Haj Omran. Iranian and Turkish artillery shelled suspected guerilla outposts inside Kurdistan and further cross-border operations were conducted, coordinated between Turkish and Iranian military commanders.

Veteran journalist and Iran expert, Ken Timmerman was at the front in Northern Iraq, in the Qandil Mountains, last October reporting on how Kurdish insurgents of the PJAK were bringing the fight inside Iran. Timmerman had uncovered a veritable alliance between Turkey, a NATO member and alleged U.S. ally and the Revolutionary Guards of Iran to try and destroy the Kurdish insurgency against the Islamic republic.

The risk, Middle East analysts warn, is that Turkey might become drawn into a wider conflict with Iraqi Kurds even if it initially sought to conduct a small-scale operation, and that other countries, including Iran, which has a long anti-Kurdish tradition, might also feel emboldened by Turkey’s move, if initially successful. American intelligence experts warn, that a major Turkish military offensive, coordinated with Iran, could open a Pandora’s box for the Iraqi fiasco turning it into a regional quagmire, with other countries, such as for example Saudi Arabia, or even Syria, starting to fight inter-ethnic wars on Iraqi territory.

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

New Naval Systems

Opening to International Cooperation

Joint Ventures Announced

Indo-Israeli Relations Tightened

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

The following articles are included in this review:

EDITOR PICKS

POPULAR POSTS

POPULAR CATEGORY