JLTV Pathfinders: Hybrid Electric Powered JLTV Concept Vehicles Unveilled

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Nov 1, 2007

The USMC is expected to publish the JLTV request for proposal (RFP) at the beginning of the coming year, and select manufacturers for the new family of vehicles by the end of March 2008. Initial operational capability originally scheduled for 2010 was recently pushed back to 2012, as the services are focused on the acquisition of heavier and more urgently needed MRAP in the near term. Unlike the Mine Resistant Ambush P rotected (MRAP) vehicles, which are optiized for road mobility, JLTV is designed for all-terrain tactical mobility. The military is considering both diesel and hybrid electric propulsion for these platforms. This article reviews the hybrid versions and their benefits.

In contrast to the diesel powered vehicles, Textron Systems and General Tactical Vehicles, a joint venture between General Dynamics Lnd Systems (GDLS) and AM General are pursuing more ambitious approaches based on advanced hybrid-electric powered JLTV concept vehicle.

Advanced Ground Mobility Vehicle (AGMV) from GTV

GDLS and AM General invested over $10 million for risk reduction development and maturation of this vehicle and its innovative In-Hub Hybrid Electric Drive system. AGMV has unique protection attributes, combining a hexagon shaped armored capsule for mine protection while optimizing also for side blast deflection and small-arms protection. At a gross vehicle weight of 14,000 – 16,000 lbs with integral A kit armor, protecting against small arms, mines, IEDs and blast, the new vehicle can carry payloads of up to 5,000 lbs and be air transportable in C-130, CH-53 and CH-47.

The vehicle accommodates an adjustable suspension reducing the vehicle’s height to meet sealift transportation clearance of 76″. The variable suspension can also be used to adjust the vehicle’s ground clearance in the range of 8 – 26.5″, thus improving obstacle negotiation. AGMV has a top speed of 70 mph, acceleration (0-30 mph) of five seconds and range of 400 miles (running on hybrid). The vehicle accommodates seven troops meeting the US Army maximum requirement. The baseline vehicle is configured for a crew of two, and can be modified into one of five different configurations. These include a four door, combat tactical vehicle carrying five soldiers (including the driver), armed with a remotely controlled weapon mount, a similar version accommodates a command vehicle with a crew of five. Another version is the utility vehicle which carries a shelter, a reconnaissance vehicle carrying five to seven troops or 6×6 tactical load carrier.

Light Utility Hybrid (LUV) from MillenWorks

Another concept vehicle was developed by MillenWorks, displayed at both shows is demonstrating several critical technologies that could be integrated in future military vehicles. The company showed its light utility hybrid (LUV) vehicle, was developed by MillenWorks with support from TRADEC and national Automotive Center (NAC). The vehicle has a gross weight (GVW) of 18,500 lbs (8391 kg) and curb weight of 14,500 lb (6,577 kg). This air transportable vehicle can be carried internally in a C-130 aircraft and CH-47 or CH-53 helicopters.

LUV uses the Steyr Motors M16 VTI Combat diesel engine as a main engine for the parallel hybrid electric drive-train. The 215 hp engine develops torque of 400 ln/ft, coupled with an Eaton Autoshift 6 speed automated manual transmission in the rear and Klune V two speed gearbox is at the front. Two brushless, permanent magnet electrical engines are coupled in parallel to the transmission boxs, adjacent to each axle, augmenting the drive train with additional torque of 400 lb/ft each.

The electrical power contribute dramatic power surge for acceleration, obstacle negotiation and survivability, facilitating rapid egress from hot zones and reducing the chance of mobility kill due to combat damage. On idle, road travel or deceleration, the diesel charges two modular lithium ion battery packs which power the electrical drive motors. LUV has a top road speed of 76 mph (122 kph). It can accelerate from 0 to 30 mph (0-48 kmh) in 9 seconds. Its turning diameter is 9.1 meters. With a ground clearance of 18″ (46 cm) the vehicle can negotiate a vertical step of 21″ (60 cm.), gradients of 60% and 40% side slope LUV vehicle offers superior mobility, ride quality, and roll stability, utilizing semi-active Magneto-Rheological (MR) struts developed by MillenWorks.

Among the key technologies demonstrated with the new vehicle are the flexible drive-train, offering unique all-wheel drive reduced fuel consumption in urban driving and silent watch capability. Extensive onboard power is available to run electronic systems. LUV is fitted with basic armor (A kit) which can be upgraded with B-kit appliqué armor to meet advanced threats. The hull is designed as an interchangeable ‘safety cell’, protected by an integral armor and blast resistant V shaped hull.

Textron Marine and Land Systems is planning to utilize this platform to develop advanced component technologies for future tactical ground vehicles. The company recently announced teaming with Boeing to compete for the future JLTV production. Boeing is also the prime contractor for the US Army’s Future Combat Systems program, which includes seven manned ground systems to be powered by electric drive systems.
The U.S. Army Future Combat System (FCS) ground vehicle hardware development is already advancing to the next phase as the Army begins testing state-of-the-art hybrid propulsion technology on a new, fully loaded, fully integrated test bed called the “Hot Buck” developed by BAE Systems. Designed to test the US Army’s next generation hybrid electric destined for all Future Combat Systems vehicle platforms, the “Hot Buck” creates the same conditions that will exist in FCS ground vehicles, including space constraints, all of the anticipated primary and non-primary power load components, electric control, energy storage, cooling, filtration and other systems that will propel and power tomorrow’s fleet of Army ground vehicles. Subsequently to the “Hot Buck” testing, the new propulsion will be installed into an FCS Maneuver Ground Vehicle (MGV)-like platform known as the Hybrid Electric Reconfigurable Movable Integration Test bed or “HERMIT.”

Continued JLTV Pathfinder article – (part I): Combat Tactical Vehicle

Light but Protected – Near-Term HMMWV Replacements

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Nov 1, 2007

Vehicles and armor protection: Considering the excessive weight and challenging issues confronting strategic and tactical mobility, vehicle manufacturers are realizing that there is a potential gap between the ‘light’ up-armored HMMWV and the heavy MRAP, which could be exploited by a lightweight, ‘compact’ mine-protected armored vehicle, offering improved mobility without compromising protection. Two companies introduced such vehicles at MDM – Protected Vehicles with the new Protector and Force Protection, displaying the Cheetah.

Protected Vehicles Inc. introduced at Modern Day Marine 2007 the Protector – lightweight 4×4 mine-protected armored vehicle designed to replace up-armored HMMWVs for high threat missions. At maximum gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 14,500 lbs in the hard top version, the Protector, accommodating a crew of 8 (driver, commander and six troops) is optimized for missions where up-armored HMMWVs are not adequately protected, while the heavier MRAP does not have the required mobility and maneuverability to perform a wide diversity of missions. These could include urban combat, reconnaissance and patrol, transport for combat engineering teams, command and control and casualties evacuation.

Protector offers good off-road and cross-country mobility and a turning radius of about 5 meters. According to sources at PVI, the Protector is ready for production and although not yet meeting the full specs of JLTV, it has substantial growth-potential to meet such requirements in the future.

Unlike current MRAPs, the Protector is designed to operate equally on and off-road, is lightweight and small enough to be transportable in a C-130 and CH-47. Maximum road speed of 70 mph can be maintained even carrying maximum payload, with an operational range of up to 500 miles. The Protector comes with a choice of two diesel engines, a GM Duramax 6.6L turbo-diesel V8 developing 300 hp, delivering 540 ft/lbs torque, or a Cummins QSB 6.7L diesel, delivering the same torque.

The vehicle is offered in both, hardtop (fully protected) and soft top configurations. The hardtop version carries a payload of 7,000 – 9,500 lbs while the soft top can carry up to 12,000 lbs of payloads. Despite its low weight, Protector provides full protection from mines, IEDs and small arms. It is fitted with basic armor (A kit) protecting against small arms for the body and windows. Protector carries a weapon mount for 0.50 or M240/249 machine guns and provides rifle ports on all sides. The vehicle can be fitted with Hutchinson runflat tires and is protected from mine explosions, both under the wheels and centerline. Protection level can be enhanced to meet specific requirements. For example, a B kit protecting up to 0.50 Cal weighs about 1,100 lbs, and full IED, FSP and EFP protection would weigh up to 5,000 lbs.

Force Protection introduce the Cheetah

Cheetah, developed by Force protection Inc. is a 4×4 light armored protected vehicle designed for reconnaissance, forward command and control and urban operations. The vehicle uses a monocoque V shaped hull, external lightweight armor, internal spall liners and blast mitigation materials are used to protect the crew and vehicle from explosion by heavy mines under the vehicle or wheels (7.5 – 15 kg of TNT explosives). It also protects against roadside improvised explosive devices (RSIED). The basic vehicle is bulletproof against 7.62/51 cal. gunfire. The armor is upgradable to protect against larger calibers, including 0.50 Cal AP. Cheetah has a curb weight, (with basic armor) of 14,000 pounds, allowing for 10,000 pounds of payload. Its weight and dimensions allow for two vehicles to be air-transported inside a single C-130 Hercules. The vehicle is powered by a Cummins ISB series 300 HP engine running at 2800 rpm, accelerating the vehicle to 50 Mph in 13.5 seconds. At cruising speed of 65 Mph the vehicle can travel for 700 miles without refueling.

Personal Gear at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Personal Gear & Weapons: Advancement in personal protection and new assault rifle were two of the topics at teh 2007 Modern Day Marine expo. The new design considered for te future advanced combat helmet (ACH) utiizes face protection and improved ergonomics, contributing to better performance.

Protected Head Gear

The new trend in protective headgear offers face and eye protection, provided with future helmet designs and as add-on for current Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH). A typical system is the CM130 designed by Eye Tactical, and associated with Point Blank’s body armor. The mask provides additional facial and head protection from fragmentation and other debries caused by IEDs. The CM130 also provides level II and II 9mm bulletproof protection, augmenting the PASGT and ACH helmets. US Marines Systems Command is also evaluating a future Advanced Combat Helmet that will offer increased performance by adding face, neck and increased head protection. The new helmet uses a split-shell design featuring an air vent across the top, for heat stress reduction. It also employs a novel suspension, designed for improved stability, reducing weight adding comfort and impact protection. Interchangeable face armor components will make this future helmet adaptable to increasing threat levels. Among the latest protection device, one of the products bringing relief to many warfighters is the new ballistic groin protector from ArmorWorks, based on a similar, non-ballistic groin protector cup widely used by baseball players. The new ballistic cup is made from Kevlar is designed to protect warfighter’s sensitive body organs against fragments, small arms fire and impact. The product is anatomically shaped for the male and female groin area and its design ensures comfort over extended use.

Magpul Introduces the Masada Adaptive Combat Weapon

Magpul military industries, sofar ssociated with weapon’s accessories, unveiled their latest Masada assault rifle. The new weapon unveiled earlier this year at the Shot-Show was developed in only four months from scratchpad to a working prototype as a Magpul privately funded initiative. An evolution of the proven AR180 platform Masada utilizes a lightweight package optimized for mass production, This Adaptive Combat Weapon System can be rapidly configured to suite specific user’s requirements adjusting length, caliber, magazine compatibility, stock type, and fire-control setup. The current design is intended for assault rifle class cartridges including 5.56 NATO, 6.8 Remington and 7.62×39 (AK).

Counter IED Technologies at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Counter IED systems and solutions were premier highlights at MDM 07 but, since most IED exhibits were excluded from the media, Defense Update cannot elaborate further on this important topic. Yet, several systems did make it through to the public eye. One of the most popular systems, deployed by the thousands in Iraq and Afghanistan is the CREW IED jammer. CREW is one of the counter-IED programs managed by the DOD’s Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO). This vehicle-mounted electronic-warfare jammer is designed to prevent activation of Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIED) by disrupting radio communications over frequencies commonly used with wireless control devices such as car alarms, garage doors and cellular phones. CREW systems are one element of the DoD’s Joint Counter RCIED Electronic Warfare program.

Over a thousand CREW systems of an earlier version are currently operating in theater. These systems were delivered last year by EFW, as part of a rapid fielding effort made by JIEDDO. At MDM 07 and AUSA 07 the company displayed the latest upgraded version of the system, offering more sophisticated programming and power management enabling efficient operation of collocated communications systems. The new system utilizes the same antenna payload and mast of current CREW systems.

As threats are constantly evolving, counter-IED systems are also undergoing continuous evolution through a continuously ‘spiralling’ process. The current version is the CREW 2.1, produced by EDO Corporation. In 2007 the company won four orders for a total delivery of over 8,500 units to be delivered by mid 2008. Currently deployed in Iraq, vehicle mounted CREW systems will eventually be fielded with each of the military services of the Central Command Area of Responsibility.

Operating as a high power RF jammer, CREW is causing major disruption to friendly communications. Therefore, their use requires strict operational discipline, coordination and synchronization with other systems and nearby forces. Effective training is an essential step implementing such discipline. To enable realistic simulation of IED, counter IED operations, and minimizing unintentional jamming of friendly communications, Sierra Nevada Corp. designed the Jamming Effects Training Module, which replicates the congested RF environment already impacting friendly forces
communications. The company also provides other simulation devices simulating IED-triggering radios and devices, assessing countermeasure effectiveness and conducting casualty MEDEVAC procedures.

Integrated Sensor/Weapons for IED Defeat

Countermeasures are only one facet of combating IEDs. An RG-33 MRAP displayed at MDM 07 demonstrated another step forward in the defeat of IEDs, based on the location, identification and disruption or initiation of the suspected object from a safe distance.

AAI introduced here an IED standoff detection system based on a lightweight, mobile ground-penetrating radar installed on a manned route-clearing pathfinder or robotic platform. The system can locate metallic objects hidden beneath the surface or at the roadside, these include mortar bombs or artillery shells rigged as IEDs. The radar can detect such objects at a significant distance ahead and around the vehicle (about 300 ft 100 meters)providing standoff safety and ample early warning for intervention by explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) neutralization elements.

The engagement of IED from a distance requires an integration of powerful electro-optical payloads and remotely operated weapon stations, Two systems were demonstrated here – an RG-33 MRAP based system utilizing an observation and surveillance mast produced by Gyrocam systems and BAE Systems’ Lemur remotely operated weapon station and a system integrating two of Elbit Systems products, a mast-mounted EO payload and the ILWS remotely operated turret, integrated on a counter-IED HMMWV technology demonstrator, which also employed a new version of teh CREW Counter-IED jammer.

Vertical Lift at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Among the aviation programs promoted at the 2007 Modern Day Marine expo were the new CH-53K Sikorsky, and FireScout Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VT-UAV) from Northrop Grumman, which was presented for the first time as a weaponized platform, loaded with a quad launcher carrying Viper Strike weapons. Models of Sikorsky’s future helicopter versions based on the X2 coaxial rotor propulsion system included a VT-UAV, an attack helicopter which could become a future successor for the AH-1W Cobra and an assault helicopter platform, a potential successor to the UH-60 helicopter. A new concept from Boeing highlighted a future pulsejet powered hevy lift VTOL platform, capable of carrying medium armored vehicles weighing up to 30 tons. Advanced PulseJet Vertical Lifters Boeing is studying a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft that could lift heavy payloads of up to 30 tons, utilizing innovative ‘advanced pulsejet’ propulsion. While basic pulsejet is well understood (it was implemented in the 1940s with the V-1 flying bombs) Boeing patented this concept for vertical takeoff and lending applications, combining separate axial and vertical propulsion sources. The vertical propulsion source includes pulsejet engines located in separate augmentor bays fitted with having apertured walls to equalize pulsejet thrust. Embedded within the aircraft structure, multiple PulseJet engines ‘banks’ will be used to control the aircraft attitude, ascent and pitch and support the structural loads. By using separate axial and vertical thrust sources and pulsejet engines for vertical thrust, aircraft speed, payload and operating range are improved while a loss of one or more lift engines is mitigated by the remaining engines offering redundant and resilient VTOL capability over any terrain. According to Boeing, typical operating distance of such aircraft could be in the 500 – 1,500 nm range, cruising at a speed of 300 – 450 mph. Boeing considers various platforms utilizing the novel VTOL propulsion, including manned aircraft lifting payloads of 20 – 30 tons, and small manned or unmanned platforms, lifting payloads of 1,500 – 10,000 lbs (0.75 – 5 tons).

X2 VT-UAV

Sikorsky released preliminary details about a new unmanned aerial vehicle designed for vertical take-off and landing (VT-UAV) based on its latest X2 technology. The helicopter-like attributes and high speed (up to 250 kt cruise speed) enable multi-mission flexibility and grouth potential. This aircraft will be designed to carry mission equipment payloads of 300 lbs at a maximum gross takeoff weight of 5,600 lbs. (enhanced up to 6,200 lbs GTOW). The vehicle will utilize Sikorsky’s X-2 technology comprising twin four-blade counter rotating rotors and a pusher propeller, both powered by a single 1,800 shp engine. The VT-UAV will be able to operate autonomously at ranges of 200 nm, performing ISR missions of 4 hours (time on station). Alternatively, an armed/attack version could carry 14 advanced precision kill weapons (APKWS) or four Hellfire missiles on armed recce missions or perform crisply missions, carrying up to 1,000 lbs or cargo over 100 nm radius of action.

Panoramic Vision Systems at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Panoramic Vision is becoming a common requirement for modern combat vehicles. A number of systems were displayed at the Modern Day Marine expo, most systems are based on an integration of video images provided from multiple staring cameras (CCDs) into a panoramic view of the vehicle’s surrounding. Panoramic vision systems are considered an essential element for perimeter protection and situational awareness. SA can be further enhanced with the addition of gunshot detection systems and remotely operated weapon stations (RWS) covered in a separate section of this report.

Boomerang III Acoustic Gunshot detector

The latest version of the Boomerang acoustic sniper detection system operates on stationary or moving vehicles (up to 60 mph), detecting fire sources by processing the gunshot’s haracteristic acoustic signature, determining the relative shooter’s bearing, elevation and distance. Boomerang III usually processes a gunshot solution within less than a second. To minimize false alarms, the system responds only to gunshot trajectories passing within 30 meters of the sensor mast and shooters firing at maximum effective weapons ranges. The system also filters gunshots fired from the vehicle, signals picked from road bumps, door slams, vehicle backfires, firecrackers, wind effect and radio noise etc.

MPSVS from EDO

Multi-user Panoramic Synthetic Vision System (MPSVS) from EDO Corp offers 360 visual situational awareness for crew collaboration and threat engagement. The system uses multiple video cameras installed in a ring mount attached to the base of standard CROWS weapon stations. The system enables the crew to remain ‘buttoned up’ while being fully visually aware and engaged. The system provides 360 stereo 3D images in day and night, under all visibility conditions. A unique capability offered by the system is the use of video change detection for route clearance missions, where previously collected video streams ‘change detection’ algorithms are employed to past (recorded) and live feed, detecting suspicious objects along the route of march. MPSVS can be integrated with counter-sniper systems such as the Boomerang III, to facilitate effective sniper engagement. It also performs passive target designation, which can be use to direct the weapon station or remote weapons. The panoramic coverage enables the crew to constantly survey their perimeter, regardless of the weapon’s line of sight. They can track multiple targets simultaneously in queue for engagement by the weapon station. The system has an integral ‘combat playback’ capability, enabling review of critical events, allowing for the identification of suspicious elements in real-time or during debrief.

ODR HV from ODF Optronics

Another omni-panoramic vision system was displayed by ODF Optronics through their US representative Mistral. The system uses multiple cameras integrated in a bulky sensor pod installed on the vehicle’s roof. The system includes four to six cameras and a single, rotatable high resolution camera, which provides ‘close-up’ viewing of targets of interest. The capture of the omni-directional scene is performed simultaneously from all cameras, staring over a 360 deg. without the need to rotate an imaging device. The system, an evolution of the omni-panoramic mast-mounted camera introduced in 2004, enables multiple users to watch the vehicle’s surroundings simultaneously, each with a specific region of interest or allows for single user surrounding assessment. The rapid ‘stitching’ of pictures, performed in real time and on the move, require significant image processing. Pre-processing is performed on the sensor pole while the remaining is performed on the system’s ‘black box’ or operating computer, which can also be utilized for video motion detection, enabling perimeter protection for ‘silent guard’ mission, offer obstacle avoidance when driving or reversing in narrow urban terrain and offering ‘close-up’ views of specific areas of interest, regardless to where the vehicle or sight is pointing at. This camera is controlled by the operator, and is aimed at locations designated by the controller. Panoramic vision systems are currently considered for installation in various combat vehicles, including the MRAP.

Unmanned Ground Systems at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Robotics and remotely Controlled Weapons: A number of unmanned ground vehicles, remote weapon stations (RWS), panoramic vision systems and ancillary equipment were on display at MDM and AUSA, representing the growing interest in these systems. RWS are becoming integral element in modern combat platforms – not only on armored vehicles, but also on tanks, aircraft, and naval crafts and even robotic platforms, where RWS are empowering telepresence with lethal power, as robots are assuming more and more combat roles.

Mobile Fusion’s Scout Ball

Lockheed Martin hosted several robotic platforms. One of these applications was the Scout Ball, a baseball size sphere made of LEXAN, weighing less than one kilogram. Scout Ball is equipped with visual and IR cameras, microphones, position sensors, signal processing and data recording. This ball can see, hear and store information as it monitors its surroundings. The Scout Ball was developed by MobileFusion and is designed for military, law enforcement and firefighting applications. The Scout Ball system includes two spheres and a monitor based on a Toughbook 30 laptop and a battery charger. The Scout Ball can also be used as an unattended mobile sensor, attached to an aerial or ground robot. (See also Eyeball-1 and SpyBall)

VIPeR from Elbit Systems

Elbit Systems introducing at MDM 07 the latest version of its Versatile, Intelligent, Portable Robot (VIPeR). This small robot was developed for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) within the framework of its Portable Unmanned Ground Vehicle (PUGV) program, and in close cooperation with The Israeli Ministry of Defence’s Directorate of Defense R&D (DDR&D). Following operational evaluation, the IDF plans on fielding VIPeR in its infantry platoons. The VIPeR is one of te robotics platforms considered for the IDF future dismounted combat team. It will be able to carry a small electro-optical payload, acoustic sensors and light weapons. (See also SpyRobot RW and PacBot Early)

Segway RMP Another robotic platform displayed at LM was the Segway Robotic Mobility Platform (RMP). Segway offers several platform models, from the lightweight (70 lbs/32 kg) two-wheeler RMP50, designed for smooth, flat indoor or outdoor surfaces, to heavy duty 157 lb (71 kg) dynamically stable two-wheel RMP 200 ATV and the RMP 400, a 240 lbs (109 kg) four wheel robot designed for extremely tough operating conditions, over rugged terrain. One of the unique characteristics of the Segway robots is their high payload to weight ratio. For example, the small RMP 50 weighs only 70 lbs (32 kg), but has a maximum payload capacity of 75 lb (34 kg). The RMP 400 has even better ratio – at a curb weight of 240 lbs (109kg) it can carry 400 lbs of payload (181 kg). These robots are designed to operate at a range of 10 – 15 miles (16-24 km) at an off-road speed of up to 18 mph (29 km/h). The RMP robot is powered by 48 NiMh batteries while the larger models use multiple Saphion lithium-ion battery packs. Both versions require battery recharging for 8 – 10 hours. Although these are well adapted to harsh field conditions, the batteries temperature tolerance limit their operational use from -10 to +50 C. This range could be expanded by using different batteries, which could be more suitable for sub-freezing conditions. (Some Saphion cells operate as low as -20C).

MAARS Weaponized RobotFoster-Miller, Inc. (QinetiQ North America subsidiary) introduced at AUSA the Modular Advanced Armed Robotic System (MAARS), representing the company’s mature concept for operational, weaponized combat robot. MAARS is powerful and agile system designed specifically for the military and first responders. Compared with the company’s current SWORD and TALON robot, MAARS packs a more powerful platform, designed to carry heavier loads including the fully functional Small Caliber UltraLight (SCUL) remote weapon system from Precision Remote, mounting a 7.62 M240B machine gun or a 0.5 Cal Barret high power anti-material sniper rifle. MAARS also introduces significantly improved Digital Control Unit offering improved situational awareness, command and control. The controller provides improved weapon control functions, better aneuverability, mobility, lethality and safety.

The complete MAARS system weighs about 350 pounds. The chassis is constructed as a uni-body frame fitted with easier battery and electronics accessibility. Other features include a larger payload bay, higher torque, creating faster ground speeds and improved braking. An EOD MAARS will be equipped with a new manipulator arm having a nominal 100 lb lift capability. The arm can quickly replace the turret mounted M240B weapon, literally transforming from a remote weapons platform to an Improvised Explosive Device (IED).

Command and Control Systems at the Modern Day Marine Expo

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Nov 1, 2007

Command and Control : MDM provided an interesting insight into the advanced command and control systems developed for and by the USMC. The centerpiece of the C4 display was provided by General Dynamics C4 Systems, demonstrating the future Command Operations Center (COC) for the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Command and Control center, as well as the latest communications, information processing and distribution applications. Dismounted C2 systems and Command and Control On-the-Move (COTM) were demonstrated by a number of exhibitors. Another facet of C4ISR discussed here was image intelligence – different providers demonstrated innovative applications, including unattended ground sensors, GPS cameras operated by patrols, elevated mast-mounted payloads etc.

The Marine Combat Operations Center (COC)

Numerous COC are employed by US Marine Corps Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) units deployed in Iraq and more systems are being delivered to support other units operating worldwide. Of 271 systems ordered, GD has already delivered 102. The COC is designed for rapid deployment, using trailers mounting a power and environmental support unit, with another trailer packing all servers, routers and other communications and networking support. Outside at the main display at the exhibition grounds at Quantico, a large tent accommodated a typical Combat Operations Center (COC) was erected. The display provided a unique insight into the Marine Corps’ current and future command and control elements comprising the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Command and Control center.

Networking inside the COC utilized high speed Ethernet or wireless networks, using the Secure Wireless Infrastructure System (SWIS) developed by General Dynamics (GD) Information Technology. SWIS operates Secure 802.11 wireless LAN solution to extend wireless connectivity to high security (NSA Type 1 encryption) applications, including field deployable military command and control. Further exploiting this secure wireless connectivity, GD is offering a number of military oriented computing devices supporting
internet, email, chat, phone video streaming and conferencing. Typical devices include the GoBook VR mini laptop, GoBook tablet PC and pocket PC devices.

GD C4S also demonstrated its latest digital radio switching system at the COC. The Distributed Scalable AccessNet (DSAN) a Voice over IP (VOIP) softswitch facilitating intercom support and seamless connectivity through network-connected radios. DSAN can be implemented on stand-alone access points or as an overlay on standard workstations, enabling users equipped with DSAN applications or monitors to control multiple radios transceivers, conduct phone conversations and conferences (supporting the H.323 industry standard) contacting local users on the intercom, from a single
user-interface.

The live display also provided an insight into the company’s field deployable command and control solutions. A typical application for the COC is the Marine Air Ground Task Force Command and Control (MAGTF-C2) center. Within the MAGTF-C2 environment, information is integrated, aggregated and distributed from disparate C2 and ISR systems to users at all echelons – ranging from the command center to the individual soldier. The MAGTF-C2 concept allows for visualization of a complete air/ground picture, improving Marine planning and execution, while supporting joint forces interoperability. The system utilized General Dynamics C4Systems’ common viewer, facilitating three-dimensional air/ground views and two-dimensional collaborative environment developed for the US Army style ‘Command Post of the Future” (CPOF) system. CPOF applications will be introduced in the standard COC in upcoming months, and are expected to substatianlly improve work efficiency at the COC through collaboration and maintenance of constantly updated COP. Such applications could also be shared, to a limited extent, with command and control of combat elements on the move, considered for deployment in the upcoming months.

In a different display Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Office of Naval Research introduced a collective display of their Joint Battlespace Viewerm (JBV) developmental effort, a 3D visualization program providing a whole-earth representation on a modern PC. Users can view any spot on the Globe, with image resolution of up to 10 cm. These images can be integrated with 3D models and layered information. The present demonstration included live video from UAV embedded in real-time onto satellite imagery. JBV is already used by the First Marine expeditionary Force (I MEF) in Iraq.

SelectFocus Tools

In another display associated with the future combat operations center, GD C4Systems outlined the benefits of advanced image processing applications for Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) support, using the company’s SelectFocus applications. These include the SelectFocus Mosaic video mosaicking application, creating a ‘panoramic’ image in near-real-time from pre-stored or live video sequence. Through processing, SelectFocus compensates for camera translation, rotation and illumination variations generating a coherent image. The system’s output is translated into standard image format, hence dramatically reducing the amount of data (or bandwidth used).

A different application, called SelecFocus Image conducts smart compression of high resolution images, facilitating image distribution over ultra-low-bandwidth communications channels (suitable for basic Iridium channels bandwidth of 2.4 kbps). This application uses a modified JPEG 2000 image coder compressing images with multiple Regions of Interest (ROI). These sections are defined by the analyst and preserved with optimal detail and resolution throughout the compression process. To ease collaboration between analysts the system integrates IP-based transmit and receive functionality for one-touch image transmission and text messaging to any
networked user. SelectFocus applications are being considered for integration in the COC environment by 2008.

Other command and control elements were highlighted by Northrop Grumman. The
company is offering Windows-based applications designed for standard PCs, enabling users at different echelons to create and share a Common Operating Picture (COP) across multiple workstations, in stationary, moving and dismounted combat environments and among multiple agencies. The company developed the Command and Control PC (C2PC) platform enabling USMC users to create and share tactical information and integrate it with information accessed through COP from the Global Command and Control System (GCCS) server. A subset of the system is implemented on Windows Mobile, the Command and Control Compact Edition (C2CE). This Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)- based device enables mobile users to share and edit the COP, while supporting local functionality such as reporting users position, location, navigation and situational awareness.

Command and Control on The Move

Lockheed Martin is developing a fleet of mobile operations centers called C2AMMO, focused on enabling C2OTM for a variety of missions and users, including military, federal and commercial applications. The vehicle can support commanders at all echelons, facilitating network access, sharing a broad common operating picture, or used as a self-sustained network node, support local operations and small units, for example, a platoon leader’s command vehicle supporting dismounted troops with local communications, cross-unit collaboration and access to higher echelon network.

The system is integrated in a Hummer H1 testbed, integrating computing, tactical radio,
wireless data (including 802.11 wi-fi, 802.16 WiMAX and secured 802.11 WLAN) and satellite communications systems. The vehicle carries low-profile on-the-move SATCOM terminals operating in the Ku and L band. The commander’s workstation consists of a detachable tablet PC, which automatically synchronizes with the network when dismounted to ensure operational continuity. Testing and evaluation of C2AMMO systems began in 2006, and in 2007 the system already participated in several joint-forces exercises including Joint Fires, and the Air Assault Expeditionary Force exercise
planned for fall 2007. Different C2 On-The-Move application integrated in a HMMWV was demonstrated at MDM 07 by DRS.

500SE-M GPS Enabled Tactical Camera

In June 2007 Defense Update covered the USMC use of compact digital cameras on patrols to collect and support generating HUMINT and IMINT intelligence through routine patrols. At MDM 07 Geo Tactical Solutions introduced a GPS embedded camera offering many details making reconnaissance and intelligence collection and report preparation a simple and intuitive process. Offering a complete geo-tactical solution, the 500SE-M GPS cameracomes in dust, drop and a waterproof impact resistant package with a large 2.5″ screen showing the images taken with superimposed grid position. This information is recorded and stored with every picture taken. After the mission, images are downloaded and processed on a laptop. The report wizard coming with the package, tracks all images plotting the mission’s trail, from GPS track-log ‘breadcrumb’. Each image automatically provides a hyperlink viewed on Google Earth or the military equivalent FalconView. The selected images are imprinted with relevant metadata and embedded into reports.

Vehicle Recovery in Combat

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

Urban combat environment can be particularly dangerous to soldiers remaining in disabled vehicles. Rapid recovery is therefore imperative, and military users are examining many alternatives to facilitate rapid, safe recovery of disabled or damaged vehicles without putting the crew or rescue teams at unnecessary risk. A number of systems were on display at MDM 07, reflecting simple but effective vehicle recovery solutions.

A simple Front Protective Bumper (FPB) designed by IbisTek for the HMMWV is designed to push stalled vehicles or other stationary obstacles from the roadway. The FPB can be installed in 60 minutes, without special tools, welding, and drilling or vehicle modification. Several accessories designed for the FPB include various assemblies, wire cutters and a ‘vehicle push assist system’ (VPAS) designed to soften the contact with smaller vehicles without damaging either vehicles and prevent two-wheel vehicles from going under the HMMWV.

Recovery under fire (RUF) system designed by the Israeli automotive accessories specialist Tal&Hadas enables vehicle recovery during combat operations, specifically in dense urban terrain. The RUF enables tow vehicles to recover RUF equipped disabled vehicles without manual support, thus eliminating the need for warfighters to leave the protected vehicles and expose themselves to hostile fire. The RUF kit can be mounted on a vehicle within fire minutes, withoutspecial tools. During the recovery the towing vehicle can approach the disabled vehicle at wide angles, and maneuver effectively in narrow streets. Tal&Hadas are currently offering the system for the HMMWV, Zeev (Ford 150 based armored vehicle), the David armored Defender, and armored Storm (Jeep based) light vehicles. A heavier version designed for the MRAP will be completed by December 2007.

A different solution is the tow-bar designed for the HMMWV by IbisTek. This compact telescopic assembly weighs about 60 pounds and can be rapidly installed, connected to existing pintle and tie down hooks, to recover up-armored HMMWVs at maximum vehicle weight under combat conditions. The standard IbisTek tow-bar can be used to tow loads up to 17,500 lbs over long distances. Compared to chain or tow strap, requiring the driver to stay in the towed vehicle, the tow-bar provides a more effective and safer combat recovery method.

Up-Armored HMMWV Modifications

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

As MRAP is about to be fielded in mass, and more protected alternatives are considered for the HMMWV, this veteran vehicle is still operating in large numbers, continuously beefed-up with more armor protection and modifications. Some of the add-ons developed by BAE Systems were on display at MDM. The latest add-on armor applied to the HMMWV has improved side protection by heavier FRAG 5 / FRAG 6 armor kits. Several accessories designed to make life in an up-armored HMMWVs more tolerable were introduced recently.

Urban combat environment can be particularly dangerous to soldiers remaining in disabled vehicles. Rapid recovery is therefore imperative, and military users are examining many alternatives to facilitate rapid, safe recovery of disabled or damaged vehicles without putting the crew or rescue teams at unnecessary risk. Combat recovery systems were designed for the HMMWV on display at MDM 07, reflecting simple but effective vehicle recovery solutions.

Another essential accessory is the electrical door assist mechanism, designed to operate the u-armored door weighing over 400 kg (applied with FRAG 6 kit). This mechanism, introduced by BAE System’s mobility and protection systems (formerly Armor Holdings) can operate the door on level ground or up to 17 deg slope (30%), opening or closing it within five seconds. Another system that became too heavy for manual operation is the gunner protection kit. An electric traverse kit moves the turret at up to 6 rpm, under all inclinations, therefore improving the gunner’s situational awareness and response even under difficult conditions. The traverse mechanism is powered by rechargeable batteries offering independent operation regardless of the vehicle’s condition. BAE Systems also proposes an improved air conditioning and integrated cooling systems, designed to reduce the temperature in the simmering cabin to bearable 82 F (29 C) and further reduce the crew’s temperature to 60-70 F (15-21C), utilizing water circulating cooling vests.

Urban Assault System (UAS)

STAG, a specialty vehicles and application maker introduced at MDM 07 the Urban Assault System installed on a HMMWV, the system enables troops to ascend securely and safely to rooftops or up to a third floor (26 ft/8 meters). The assault ladder is supported from raised assault decks mounted on the vehicle. The system weighs 578 lbs. UAS can be installed and configured for use on any HMMWV within 20 minutes, using standard tools.

Protecting Against Blast

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

Blast protected seats are becoming a hot product among services tasked with Global War on Terror. Vehicle designers recognize the need to protect vehicles, passengers and crews not only from bullets, mines and IEDs, but also from the devastating blast-effects suffered by occupants during such attacks. Potential applications of such seats are in the new Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles and future Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), as well as for Strykers, M915, M113, HMMWVs and the new Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) and FutureCombat System’s Manned ground Vehicle (MGV).

Several companies presented blast protected seat technologies at Modern Day Marine and AUSA 07. For example, ArmorWorks displayed two types of blast attenuating seats of the ShockRide series. The company offers individual, folding high-back troop seats as well as driver and commander’s seats with rigid base. Both types are fitted with blast attenuating straps and frame. ArmorWorks also designed bench seats offering improved protection as well as a gunner’s post mounted seat which offers four point restraint harness and flip-up mechanism, improving comfort, access and survivability.

Global Seating Systems (GSS) introduced their modular ‘soldier safety platform’, based on modular seats, fitted with contoured high-back and adjustable head rest, and removable side bolsters or central panel, comfortably accommodating canteens or backpack hydration systems (camelbacks). The seat cushion is fitted with mine blast/IED slam-down and blast-mitigating technology. A single point restraint release allows for quick emergency egress.

BAE Systems also produces different designs for mine blast, driver/passenger and troop seats. These seats can absorb energy pulses exceeding 400 G by employing vertical, fixed load wire benders providing five inches of downward stroke. (9″ or 23 cm in the troop seats). The troop seats use hinged pan for stowage when not in use. The energy absorbing system uses four point restraint, integral headrest and shoulder cushion.

Another type of blast protected seat is produced by Plasan Sasa and installed in the MaxxPro MRAP vehicle produced by International. The troop seats are suspended from the roof and walls by elastic cables, retaining standard restraint harness for quick release and comfort, particularly when used by troops loaded with full combat gear.

Transparent armor has also become an issue, with the demand for improved situational awareness and vehicles are already designed with multiple, armored windows which, alas when required to maintain the same level of protection as opaque armor, must contribute to excessive vehicle weight.

At MDM and AUSA ArmorWorks demonstrated its latest version of transparent armor made of monolithic Polyurethane polymer, offering about 15% reduction in aerial density compared with blast fragmentation protected glass while offering another important advantage – unlike conventional armored glass, the transparent Polyurethane window does not shatter on impact and maintains optical clarity and high transparency even after multiple hits (characteristic of IED damage).

The new material is compatible with night vision goggles and is provided for airborne (helicopter windshield) and vehicular applications.

Specialized Off-Road Mobility

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

The US Marine Corps is looking for a light strike vehicle transportable internally in CV-22, CH-53 and C-130. Such vehicles will enable Marine recon units to carry out long range deep penetration raids and long-range patrol missions. The Internally Transportable Vehicle (ITV) is conducted through a joint program with the U. S. Special Operations Command; the Marine Corps being the lead service. At Modern Day Marine 07 several vehicles were displayed claiming for this title.

An established ITV platform is based on a derivative of the M151 vehicle known as ‘Growler’, produced by General Dynamics for a number of USMC missions requiring airborne mobility. The Growler was designed either as transport vehicle or ‘pickup’ style flat-bed for utility transport. One of the most mature applications is the Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS), for which the smaller utility vehicle version of the Growler was selected to serve as a prime mover towing the EFSS mortar, carrying its crew and basic ammunition load. The Corps is expected to field the first EFSS unit by the end of 2007. A stretched version of the Growler configured to carry four fully equipped troops is proposed as a long range recon and strike vehicle, self sustained on long missions extending over 3 – 10 days. The vehicle can be equipped with a ring-mounted weapon, such as an M2 machine gun or Mk19 automatic grenade launcher and secondary M249 SAW.

Another light tactical vehicle is proposed by the armored tactical vehicle (ATV) manufacturer Polaris Defense. The company offers the Ultra Light Tactical Vehicle with a 40 hp engine powered by gas or JP8 fuel. This vehicle configured to carry a crew of four seated side by side, is rated for payload capacity or towing of up to 1,500 lbs. The rear flat bed can be configured to carry specialist equipment such as combat recon, surveillance, sensors, or anti-tank missiles (Javelin), ammunition, supplies and litter racks for casualty evacuation.

A different transporter concept pursued by Lockheed Martin is the Squad Mission Support System (SMSS), an optionally driven robotic platform, based on high mobility ATV. SMSS weighs 4,000 lbs and has a payload capacity for up to 1,000 lbs of cargo. It can travel about 100 miles on road, or half that range cross country. The system has tele-operated, autonomous and supervised operating modes.

At AUSA 2007 BAE Systems and specialty vehicle maker SRATS unveiled their cooperation in transforming the militarized rock crawler specialty vehicle into serially produced military vehicle. SRATS which stands for “Specialized Reconnaissance Assault and Transport System (SRATS)” covered by Defense Update last year, was designed to excel in extreme off-road driving conditions. These vehicles combine commercial ‘rock crawlers’ and sand rail technologies, enabling near vertical rock climbing or rubble field traverse (maximum grade climb of 80%). The vehicle also has high acceleration and speed, sustaining high speed chase or fast egress from a hot target area. The first SRATS were completed last year (2006) as ‘proof of principle’ vehicles for the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), creating much interest among special forces. The military was ready to order over 100 of them, but then interest expanded beyond the special forces, and the Army’s Rapid Equipping Force (REF) is now interested in producing thousands of these vehicles. This potential motivated the small UTAH based SRATS company to approach BAE Systems to team for the development and production of a new armored version.

Raytheon’s entry into the light strike vehicle field is also based on an off-road racing and extreme rock crawler derivative. But Raytheon decided to take innovation one step further introducing a powerful hybrid electric drive system, with the all-terrain vehicle called Hy-DRA (Hybrid Defense Recon Assault vehicle). The vehicle uses a diesel engine to power a generator, driving four in-hub motors for the four wheel drive. While moving in ‘stealth mode’ HyDRA can achieve speed up to 35 mph. Otherwise, hybrid powered (diesel and electrical) sustained speed top 125 mph. The hybrid electric drive offers good fuel efficiency of about 35 mpg. The vehicle can carry an M2 (0.50 Cal) or Mk-19 or minigun on a turret mount and an M240/249 on a swing arm. The vehicle has a curb weight of 2,400 lbs. carrying a crew of three, and a complement of weapons and supplies, HyDRA is internally transported in a CV-22 Osprey, CH/MH-53, CH/MH-47 and C-130. It is capable of towing 1.5 tons or carrying heavy loads of up to half a ton. Besides its role as primary propulsion for the vehicle, the four 40hp motors can also perform as generators, providing 30 kW of power for external use.

JLTV Pathfinders: Hybrid Electric Powered JLTV Concept Vehicles Unveilled

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

The USMC is expected to publish the JLTV request for proposal (RFP) at the beginning of the coming year, and select manufacturers for the new family of vehicles by the end of March 2008. Initial operational capability originally scheduled for 2010 was recently pushed back to 2012, as the services are focused on the acquisition of heavier and more urgently needed MRAP in the near term. Unlike the Mine Resistant Ambush P rotected (MRAP) vehicles, which are optiized for road mobility, JLTV is designed for all-terrain tactical mobility. The military is considering both diesel and hybrid electric propulsion for these platforms. This article reviews the hybrid versions and their benefits.

In contrast to the diesel powered vehicles, Textron Systems and General Tactical Vehicles, a joint venture between General Dynamics Lnd Systems (GDLS) and AM General are pursuing more ambitious approaches based on advanced hybrid-electric powered JLTV concept vehicle.

Advanced Ground Mobility Vehicle (AGMV) from GTV

GDLS and AM General invested over $10 million for risk reduction development and maturation of this vehicle and its innovative In-Hub Hybrid Electric Drive system. AGMV has unique protection attributes, combining a hexagon shaped armored capsule for mine protection while optimizing also for side blast deflection and small-arms protection. At a gross vehicle weight of 14,000 – 16,000 lbs with integral A kit armor, protecting against small arms, mines, IEDs and blast, the new vehicle can carry payloads of up to 5,000 lbs and be air transportable in C-130, CH-53 and CH-47.

The vehicle accommodates an adjustable suspension reducing the vehicle’s height to meet sealift transportation clearance of 76″. The variable suspension can also be used to adjust the vehicle’s ground clearance in the range of 8 – 26.5″, thus improving obstacle negotiation. AGMV has a top speed of 70 mph, acceleration (0-30 mph) of five seconds and range of 400 miles (running on hybrid). The vehicle accommodates seven troops meeting the US Army maximum requirement. The baseline vehicle is configured for a crew of two, and can be modified into one of five different configurations. These include a four door, combat tactical vehicle carrying five soldiers (including the driver), armed with a remotely controlled weapon mount, a similar version accommodates a command vehicle with a crew of five. Another version is the utility vehicle which carries a shelter, a reconnaissance vehicle carrying five to seven troops or 6×6 tactical load carrier.

Light Utility Hybrid (LUV) from MillenWorks

Another concept vehicle was developed by MillenWorks, displayed at both shows is demonstrating several critical technologies that could be integrated in future military vehicles. The company showed its light utility hybrid (LUV) vehicle, was developed by MillenWorks with support from TRADEC and national Automotive Center (NAC). The vehicle has a gross weight (GVW) of 18,500 lbs (8391 kg) and curb weight of 14,500 lb (6,577 kg). This air transportable vehicle can be carried internally in a C-130 aircraft and CH-47 or CH-53 helicopters.

LUV uses the Steyr Motors M16 VTI Combat diesel engine as a main engine for the parallel hybrid electric drive-train. The 215 hp engine develops torque of 400 ln/ft, coupled with an Eaton Autoshift 6 speed automated manual transmission in the rear and Klune V two speed gearbox is at the front. Two brushless, permanent magnet electrical engines are coupled in parallel to the transmission boxs, adjacent to each axle, augmenting the drive train with additional torque of 400 lb/ft each.

The electrical power contribute dramatic power surge for acceleration, obstacle negotiation and survivability, facilitating rapid egress from hot zones and reducing the chance of mobility kill due to combat damage. On idle, road travel or deceleration, the diesel charges two modular lithium ion battery packs which power the electrical drive motors. LUV has a top road speed of 76 mph (122 kph). It can accelerate from 0 to 30 mph (0-48 kmh) in 9 seconds. Its turning diameter is 9.1 meters. With a ground clearance of 18″ (46 cm) the vehicle can negotiate a vertical step of 21″ (60 cm.), gradients of 60% and 40% side slope LUV vehicle offers superior mobility, ride quality, and roll stability, utilizing semi-active Magneto-Rheological (MR) struts developed by MillenWorks.

Among the key technologies demonstrated with the new vehicle are the flexible drive-train, offering unique all-wheel drive reduced fuel consumption in urban driving and silent watch capability. Extensive onboard power is available to run electronic systems. LUV is fitted with basic armor (A kit) which can be upgraded with B-kit appliqué armor to meet advanced threats. The hull is designed as an interchangeable ‘safety cell’, protected by an integral armor and blast resistant V shaped hull.

Textron Marine and Land Systems is planning to utilize this platform to develop advanced component technologies for future tactical ground vehicles. The company recently announced teaming with Boeing to compete for the future JLTV production. Boeing is also the prime contractor for the US Army’s Future Combat Systems program, which includes seven manned ground systems to be powered by electric drive systems.
The U.S. Army Future Combat System (FCS) ground vehicle hardware development is already advancing to the next phase as the Army begins testing state-of-the-art hybrid propulsion technology on a new, fully loaded, fully integrated test bed called the “Hot Buck” developed by BAE Systems. Designed to test the US Army’s next generation hybrid electric destined for all Future Combat Systems vehicle platforms, the “Hot Buck” creates the same conditions that will exist in FCS ground vehicles, including space constraints, all of the anticipated primary and non-primary power load components, electric control, energy storage, cooling, filtration and other systems that will propel and power tomorrow’s fleet of Army ground vehicles. Subsequently to the “Hot Buck” testing, the new propulsion will be installed into an FCS Maneuver Ground Vehicle (MGV)-like platform known as the Hybrid Electric Reconfigurable Movable Integration Test bed or “HERMIT.”

Continued JLTV Pathfinder article – (part I): Combat Tactical Vehicle

Gearing Up For the Joint Light Tactical vehicle

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Nov 1, 2007

Modern Day Marine Expo / AUSA 2007

The USMC is expected to publish the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) request for proposal (RFP) at the beginning of the coming year (2008), and select manufacturers for the new family of vehicles by the end of March. Initial operational capability originally scheduled for 2010 was recently pushed back to 2012, as the services are focused on the acquisition of heavier and more urgently needed Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle (MRAP) in the near term. However, all officials are stating that JLTV and MRAP are two different vehicles, providing for different missions. While MRAP is addressing more urgent gaps in force protection, JLTV is fulfilling current and future requirements for all-terrain tactical mobility, maneuverability, sustainability as well as air transportation and strategic mobility (including sealift).

The JLTV specifications will be focused more closely on the replacement of specific vehicles such as the HMMWV, offering balanced and improved capabilities, in mobility, protection and performance. An important parameter for the JLTV success will be its reduced life-cycle cost. The new family of vehicles will use of common spare and repair parts at the sub-assembly and component level, facilitating optimized management of logistics (parts inventories), maintenance and support.

Armor protection is one of the key elements of the future JLTV program. All JLTVs are expected to be protected against explosions and mines and IEDs utilizing V shaped hulls, although this specific design has not been made mandatory. The basic vehicle will also be bulletproof, addressing specific A kit requirement is to be defined by the military. Since baseline armor is part of the vehicle, additional armor weight represented by the add-on B-kit, will facilitate net protection, since all the structural elements and attachments carrying the appliqués armor kit will already be provided in the baseline. (Further reading: JLTV Pathfinders – CTV)

CTV technology Demonstrators

The Combat Tactical Vehicle (Technology Demonstrator) is a six passenger combat variant within the JLTV family of vehicles. The Nevada Automotive Test Center (NATC) is developing a technology demonstrator for the combat tactical vehicle (CTV), under contact for the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The vehicle is undergoing performance testing and Marine Corps evaluation at NATC proving ground in Nevada. The tests incorporate comprehensive cross country mobility and ballistic testing of several armor solutions, to be integrated into the vehicle’s final design.

Lockheed Martin unveiled its version of JLTV at the Modern Day Marine (MDM) and AUSA exhibitions in October 07. The company is leading a team with BAE Systems to provide high volume assembly and armor manufacturing; Alcoa will support vehicle design and JWF Industries to produce various assemblies. Other suppliers include Axletech, Lotus, Cummins and Allison transmission. The vehicle is designed with “MRAP-like” survivability and protection based on ‘modular’ survivability.

At AUSA 07 Oshkosh displayed their JLTV utility vehicle (JLTV-UT) technology demonstrator. The vehicle is expected to begin testing at the NATC before the end of 2007. Since Oshkosh based its concept vehicle on mature technologies, they decided to focus on conventional diesel engine rather than hybrid electric propulsion. According to Oshkosh, this is what the USMC client is conveying. A similar approach has been adopted by Lockheed Martin for their JLTV vehicle, unveiled in Washington DC in early October, at MDM and AUSA 07.

Hybrid Electric Powered JLTV Concept Vehicles

In contrast to these diesel powered vehicles, General Tactical Vehicles, a joint venture between General Dynamics Lnd Systems (GDLS) and AM General is pursuing a more ambitious approach introducing their Advanced Ground Mobility Vehicle (AGMV), promoted as a JLTV concept vehicle. GDLS and AM General invested over $10 million for risk reduction development and maturation of this vehicle and its innovative In-Hub Hybrid Electric Drive system.

A concept vehicle developed by MillenWorks, displayed at both shows is demonstrating several critical technologies that could be integrated in future military vehicles. The company showed its light utility hybrid (LUV) vehicle, was developed by MillenWorks with support from TRADEC and national Automotive Center (NAC). The vehicle has a gross weight (GVW) of 18,500 lbs (8391 kg) and curb weight of 14,500 lb (6,577 kg). This air transportable vehicle can be carried internally in a C-130 aircraft and CH-47 or CH-53 helicopters. Textron Marine and Land Systems is planning to utilize this platform to develop advanced component technologies for future tactical ground vehicles. The company recently announced teaming with Boeing to compete for the future JLTV production. Boeing is also the prime contractor for the US Army’s Future Combat Systems program, which includes seven manned ground systems to be powered by electric drive systems. (Further reading: JLTV Pathfinders – Hybrid Electric Vehicles)

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Advanced Ground Mobility Vehicle (AGMV) from GTV

Light Utility Hybrid (LUV) from MillenWorks

Continued JLTV Pathfinder article – (part I): Combat Tactical Vehicle

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Continued JLTV Pathfinder article – (part I): Combat Tactical Vehicle

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