The MRAP All-Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) made its international debut at the International Armored Vehicles exhibition. The display was in accordance with the Pentagon’s plan to offer MRAP and M-ATV vehicles to allied forces, taking part in the ISAF coalition operations in Afghanistan.
Oshkosh also brought the new SandCat to London; the high-speed, highly-protected, highly-maneuverable vehicle that can be specifically configured to fulfill a variety of roles in any type of mission. The SandCat is tailored to meet operational environments, giving the perfect balance of mission performance, protection and payload to meet rigorous demands.
Iveco brought an enhanced and improved version of the Light Modular Vehicle (LMV), currently operational with several military forces in Afghanistan.
Total Mobility Vehicle is unveiling at the International Armored Vehicles a new family of vehicles designed for extreme off-road mobility. Known as the TMV 6x6M, the off-road utility vehicle is the first of a series of such vehicles, designed for military applications. A civil configuration is also in development.
The TMV 6x6M has an armour-clad, fully enclosed “bath tub” hull that houses all major components, offering significantly greater protection from mines and IEDs than conventional vehicles. Additional protection to the crew and passengers is provided by a composite cab and composite rear pod for troop carrying applications. the vehicle is designed to provide high levels of protection against ballistic threats.
The CV-90 Recce – developed by BAE System and proposed as a contender for the British FRES Scout Vehicle program, made its debut at the International Armored vehicles 2010 exhibition.
TMV 6x6M, the off-road utility vehicle is the first of a series of such vehicles, designed for military applications.
Iveco designed the LMV as a light and versatile command and liaison vehicle. The current version is heavier and more protected, adapted to more demanding roles.
Sandcat – originally designed by Plasan, is being marketed by Oshkosh as a command and utility armored vehicle.
Singapore’s StartechSystems Ltd. and the Israeli company Aeronautics Defense Systems have established a joint venture positioned to tap the growing market in Asia for unmanned systems. The JV, called Startech Aeronautics Pte. will provide operations and support of unmanned systems and will also provide manufacturing facilities for systems destined for the Asian market.
Aeronautics offers a range of aerial, land and naval unmanned systems, as well as supporting systems and technologies. Specialized in aerial surveillance, Startech, relies on in-house developed video processing technologies for services it provides to the government and commercial customers. “Startec has emerged as a global leader in intelligent vision which is key to unmanned vehicles and surveillance” said Dr. David K.M. Chew, Executive Chairman of Startech.“ He added that Startec will work wit Aeronautics to develop new applications for UAVs, addressing the growing civil and homeland security market, such as search and rescue, disaster response, anti-piracy and infrastructure surveillance. The company’s iFerret system used for airport safety and security surveillance could be integrated with existing UAV systems to provide advanced battle damage assessment, Chew said.
Aeronautics hopes its unmanned DA-42 surveillance aircraft being developed in association with Diamond Aircraft could find a market in the region. While the JV is craving its position in the market as a UAV service provider, it could also seize opportunities for cooperation, introducing its advanced sub-systems to a number of local initiatives with commercial, research and government operations integrated into smaller unmanned aircraft and unmanned boats, being developed in Singapore. ”This partnership is a major milestone for Aeronautics, as it establishes its position at the forefront of the Asian UVS market” Alon Weisz, Chief Business development at Aeronautics told Show News. “Both companies are technology oriented, and, together we create a game changing power in the market”.
Sukhoi T-50 PAK-FA made a successful 47-minute maiden flight on Friday 29 January 2010, taking off from Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airfield in Russia’s Far East, adjacent to the manufacturer’s site.
The aircraft was flown by Sukhoi test-pilot Sergey Bogdan. Sukhoi, the aircraft designer is expecting to complete flight testing and enter serial manufacturing by 2015, anticipating orders for at least 400 aircraft for the Russian and Indian Air Forces.
The flight went successfully meeting all its assigned tasks. “In the course of the flight we’ve conducted initial evaluation of the aircraft controllability, engine performance and primary systems operation. The aircraft had retracted and extracted the landing gear. The aircraft performed excellent at all flight-test points scheduled for today. It is easy and comfortable to pilot”, – said Sergey Bogdan.
After the initial test flights in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the next test flight program is planned to take place in the Moscow and Astrakhan regions.
The new fifth generation stealth fighter, known by Project Code Name T-50 PAK-FA (Advanced Tactical Frontline Fighter) is designed to compete with the US stealth fighters such as the Lockheed Martin built F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II.
Russia has been developing its newest fighter since the 1990s. India had joined the program in October 2007 and is expected to share 25% of the development cost. India will also be responsible for modifying the aircraft into a two-seater trainer and special-mission fighter, addressing specific Indian Air Force requirements.
The T-50 is expected to have an endurance of 3.3 hours, and a ferry range of 5,500 km. Its armament consists of new air-to-air and anti-ship missiles in addition to two 30mm cannons. The T-50 is powered by a pair of Saturn 117S engines – these modified AL-31F engines produced by NPO are rated at up to 14.5 ton thrust and are now also powering the new Su-35 multirole fighters.
According to the manufacturer, PAK-FA possesses a number of unique features, compared to previous generation fighters, as it is combining the functionality of both attack aircraft and fighter plane. The 5th generation fighter is equipped with brand-new avionics suite, integrating “electronic pilot” functionality, as well as an advanced phased-array antenna radar. This significantly decreases pilot load, allowing him to focus upon the completion of tactical missions. New aircraft on-board equipment allows real-time data exchange, not only with ground-based control systems, but also within his flight team. According to AviationWeek, the T-50’s avionics suite to be supplied by the Ramenskoye Design Bureau will include six processors and display suite; the full-scale phased-array radar is under development at the Tikhomirov NIIP design bureau.
Composites application and innovative technologies and aerodynamics of the aircraft, are measures applied to decrease the engine signature, providing for an unprecedented small radar cross-section, in optical and infrared range. This significantly improves combat effectiveness against air and ground targets at any time of the day, in both visible and instrument meteorological conditions.
PAK-FA program advances Russian aeronautics, together with allied industries, reaching an entirely new technological level. These aircraft, together with upgraded 4th generation fighters will define Russian Air Force potential for the next decades. “Sukhoi plans to further elaborate on the PAK-FA program, which will involve our Indian partners. I am strongly convinced that our joint project will excel its Western rivals in cost-effectiveness and will not only allow strengthening the defensive power of Russian and Indian Air Forces, but also gain access to a significant share of the world market”, – said Mikhail Pogosyan, Sukhoi Company Director General commenting on the launch of the flight test program.
BAE Systems, in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has completed the first successful test flight of a small, electric-powered Coyote unmanned aircraft system. The system deployed in midair from a 3-foot-long sonobuoy dropped from a P-3 aircraft. The flight, which lasted 49 minutes, marks a significant milestone in the development of the Coyote for military uses and scientific research.
The test flight funded by NOAA, used its WP-3D Orion aircraft, to explore the Coyote’s potential use in weather research. Future testing will assess the system’s suitability to be dropped into a hurricane or tropical storm to measure wind speed and other data critical to forecasting. “Small unmanned aircraft systems are important tools that can help improve our understanding of the environment,” said Lt. Cmdr. Nancy Ash, NOAA manager for the Coyote project. “The Coyote has demonstrated the potential to provide researchers with valuable observations of high-wind environments.”
About the Coyote:
The Coyote, developed by Advanced Ceramic Research, acquired last year by BAE Systems, was originally funded by the U.S. Navy and is currently undergoing certification through Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR). The three-foot-long, 58-inch wingspan electrically driven Coyote UAV is designed to be launched from the sonobuoy tube of a US Navy P-3C Orion or a helicopter, such as the SH-60, to provide 90 minutes ISR collection. At 12-14 lbs., the Coyote UAV has a cruising airspeed of 60 knots and dash airspeed of 85 knots being able to be launched and operate at altitudes up to 20,000 ft.
During freefall, the system is designed to emerge from a sonobuoy by a parachute, unfold its X-wings, and begin a directed flight path. Its flight is controlled via line-of-sight radio link (VHF or UHF), as far as 20 miles from the P-3 or helicopter controlling it. Equipped with sensors or cameras, it can perform intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions while the host aircraft remains in safe airspace.
Coyote is mission programmable from either the tactical officer’s or pilot’s station while still in the launch tube, using the existing tactical station hardware along with proprietary software. Once flying, Coyote follows an autonomous, pre-programmed path with real-time updates. Coyote UAV can carry either an electro-optical (EO) or infrared (IR) camera and data transmitter. The Coyote will support intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions deployed from maritime-patrol aircraft or anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters.
An MQ-1C Sky Warrior unmanned aircraft system from sits dormant in a hanger. The Sky Warrior aircraft has the ability to remain airborne for up to 24 hours straight to conduct continuous missions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Photo: U.S. Army by Sgt. Travis Zielinski.
The U.S. Army has begun operating the Sky Warrior MQ-1C drone in Iraq. The aircraft are operating as part of a Quick Reaction Capability (QRC) unit established by the training battalion at Ft. Huachuca, Az. Operating as a divisional asset, under the 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, (1st Cavalry Division, U.S. Division – Center), the QRC assists in developing and testing the concept of operation (CONOPS) of future divisional UAVs for the U.S. Army. The aircraft deployed to Camp Taji, Baghdad are the Phase 0 developmental aircraft, used for the test and evaluation of the MQ-1C. The Army is expecting to field production aircraft to the first divisions next year (2011). Sky Warrior, developed and produced by General Atomics, is a scaled-up version of the U.S. Air Force MQ-1A Predator.
After completing a 24-hour mission, an MQ-1C Sky Warrior aircraft from Quick Reaction Capability 1 makes a landing at Camp Taji, Iraq. Photo: Sgt. Travis Zielinski, 1st ACB, 1st Cav. Div., USD-C, U.S. Army
According to Capt. Travis Blaschke, from Spokane, Wash., commander of QRC1, the mission of QRC1 is to support the parent unit, U.S. Division – Center on all of their reconnaissance surveillance and target acquisition missions by providing aero-scout capabilities to the maneuver commander. As part of the Sky Warrior Test and Evaluation effort the unit continues to validate the MQ-1C for the program of record. “To date, the majority of the missions we are conducting involve the dissemination of full-motion video, which provides situational awareness for the commanders at battalion, brigade and even division,” said Blaschke. “We have been over-watching air assaults, cordon and searches; conducting reconnaissance and surveillance.”
An MQ-1C Sky Warrior unmanned aircraft system from sits dormant in a hanger. The Sky Warrior aircraft has the ability to remain airborne for up to 24 hours straight to conduct continuous missions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Photo: U.S. Army by Sgt. Travis Zielinski.
Along with the ability to conduct surveillance and fly well beyond a dozen hours, once testing is complete, the Sky Warrior will be armed with Hellfire missiles, which will add another dimension to its combat role. “This is an aircraft that can have different payloads,” said Blaschke. “It has the capability of actually looking out long distances in order to find the enemy in different ways. Whether it is using the image intelligence, using signal intelligence, using measuring intelligence, this platform can not only find the enemy but will ultimately be able to engage and neutralize the enemy.”
The Sky Warrior also has the capability to point out targets for other aircraft – enabling them to hit their target while the Sky Warrior aims, said Blaschke. It can guide in a Hellfire from an AH-64D Apache attack helicopter or even Joint Direct Attack Munitions from an F/A-18 Super Hornet, F-16 Fighting Falcon or F-22 Raptor – making a hunter-killer team.
Two Soldiers (left and center) from Quick Reaction Capability 1and a civilian contractor from General Atomics Aeronautical Systems run the MQ-1C Sky Warrior aircraft through a series of preflight checks before conducting a 24-hour mission from Camp Taji, January 12, 2010. 12. Photo: U.S. Army by Sgt. Travis Zielinski
Raytheon has conducted the fourth guided vehicle test flight of the Standard Missile-6, clearing the way for the missile’s at-sea testing this year. The new missile will enhance naval platforms operating the Standard family of missile with enhanced over-the-horizon engagement capability.
a model of the SM6. Photo courtesy of the Raytheon company.
Introducing state-of-the-art signal and guidance control capabilities derived from the Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM), Raytheon’s SM-6 is remains compatible with existing Standard Missile family airframe and propulsion elements. The merger of these two proven technologies allows SM-6 to use both active and semi-active modes.
“The last year has been very important for SM-6,” said Frank Wyatt, Raytheon’s vice president of Naval Weapon Systems. “We demonstrated integrated fire control, concluded the land-based test flights and entered low rate initial production. Importantly, SM-6 continues to be on time and on budget and is now ready for sea.” “All GTV engineering test objectives were met, demonstrating the SM-6’s capabilities in this critical engagement,” said Wyatt. “With its over-the-horizon protection, SM-6 will provide the surface Navy with an increased battlespace against anti-air warfare threats. We now move forward with initial operational capability flights of this extended-range AAW system.”
INS Eilat (Saar V class corvette) seen passing the Bosphoros streits enroute the Black Sea, May, 2006. Photo: IDF
Israel is interested in acquiring two corvette size ships to extend its naval operational capabilities. Fielding the new IAI Barak 8 Extended Range Air Defense Systems, the new vessels are expected to become the world’s first ‘air defense corvettes’, providing the Israeli surface fleet independence of air-cover for the first time, enabling the Israeli vessels to deploy further away from their shores.
Originally the Israel Navy turned to the Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri and Thyssen Krupp Marine Systems (TKMS) in Germany for proposals. Construction or the assembly of the vessels by Israel Shipyards in Haifa has also been considered. The possible subcontracting of work to U.S. manufacturers, by benefiting from Foreign Military Sales funding has also been evaluated.
INS Eilat (Saar V class corvette) seen passing the Bosphoros streits enroute the Black Sea, May, 2006. Photo: IDF
Israel is said to be interested in a ‘stretched’ version of the MEKO A-100 corvette, a ship with a displacement of 2,200 tonnes. However, for such a vessel to become superior to the current Eilat class, the Israelis should opt for the latest, advanced stealth version of the MEKO CSL, which has already been designed for such specifications. The CSL will better adapt for the Israeli requirements for versatility, deck space and sensor placements.
MEKO CSL stealth multi-purpose corvette. Photo: ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems
A major obstacle for the potential deal is the recent acquisition of Blohm + Voss Shipyards – the shipbuilder of the MEKO Class vessels – by the Abu Dhabi MAR Group of the United Arab Emirates. In October 2009 MAR and TKMS announced the agreement to establish a joint venture ‘Blohm + Voss Naval’, for the design and manufacturing of naval surface ships – frigates, corvettes and offshore patrol vessels. Israel could find such move difficult to digest, accepting ‘Blohm + Voss Naval’ as a strategic supplier. Considering this obstacle, and well aware of the potential opportunities, TKMS and Israel should have worked out a solution to satisfy both the Germans and Israelis. A previous attempt to merge procurement of German vessels with Israel Navy acquisitions or the transfer of existing German Navy vessels to Israel have not materialize.
the LCS-1Freedom Class Litorral Combat Ship. Photo U.S. Navy
While the CSL model is still in a blueprint phase, MEKO A class corvettes are already operational with several navies worldwide. The joint operation comprising the TKMS Blohm + Voss Nordseewerke group, with Kockums in Sweden and Hellenic Shipyards in Greece has delivered more than 160 naval surface vessels since 1980. More recently South Africa has received four Valour class (MEKO A-200) large corvettes, Malaysia has ordered six Kedah class (MEKO A-100) corvettes and Germany received two of the fiveBraunschweig class 5 K130 corvettes on order. In addition, Poland plans to acquire up to five MEKO A-100 Gawron class corvettes.
MEKO has not been an obvious choice for the Israelis. The German Mehrzweck-Kombination (MEKO – short for ‘multi-purpose combination’) is 91 meter long vessel – only four meters longer than the existing Saar V class corvettes which are in service with the Israel Navy since the 1990s. The most attractive features of the German design being 25% larger volume (displacement of 1,650 tons) enabling the MEKO A-100 design potential endurance of extended missions at longer range, exceeding 6,000 nautical miles – 50% beyond the range of Saar V. Both vessels have a mission endurance of three weeks at sea.
The two versions of the Barak-8 extended air defense missile, developed by IAI. Photo: Defense Update
Israel is expected to be using the Barak-8 extended air defense missile systems on the new built corvettes. Having larger deck surface and a conformal mast means the new vessel could be equipped with more missiles than the current Saar V and, more important – its superstructure is well designed to mount the larger quad-face MF-STAR radar, while the Saar V will have to suffice with a radar employing a rotating antenna. The four-plane MF-STAR phased array radar will be able to support simultaneous operation of surface search, multiple anti-aircraft, anti-missile and surface attack weapons. The new vessel will also be equipped with various surface attack missiles, anti-submarine weapons and carry a helicopter on board. Given the Israel Navy’s enthusiasm and support of unmanned systems, it could also become a supporting platform for a various unmanned systems, including the Naval Rotary UAV (NRUAV) and Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) and Underwater Unmanned Vehicle (UUV), requiring adequate deck space and launching facilities for USV and UUV.
A major advantage of the latest MEKO design is its stealth capability. By employing technologies developed for modern German warships and the Swedish Visby class stealth corvettes, the MEKO designers achieved a reduction of about 75% on the ship’s infrared signature which has been achieved by elimination of the funnel, and instead hot exhaust gases are ducted through a horizontal system. The signature-reducing smooth hull plating and concealed deck equipment are the most obvious features of the futuristic stealth concept underlying the Visby class – which is a true “stealth ship”. These features are achieved by a water-jet propulsion system with a reduced stern wave, an underwater exhaust outlet, the use of non-magnetic GRP and the most advanced sensor technology. Seawater is injected into the exhaust duct to cool the exhaust fumes, before being expelled just above the waterline. Research on the Visbyconcept was started by the Swedish ship designer Kockums in the 1990s, now being part of the TKMS group. The MEKO CSL Corvette blends design features of the successful MEKO and VISBY Classes into a modular vessel that can be rapidly configured for different mission requirements, in terms of functionality and combat capability.
The Swedish Navy was the pioneer in advanced stealth design for ships. The Swedish Navy has recently received the first two Visby class corvettes, HMS Helsingborg is seen in the photo below. The know-how gained with the design of the Visby is in the latest MEKO CSL design. Photo: Kockums.
The MEKO A-200 Frigate SAN ISANDLWANA for South African Navy on a training mission in coastal waters. Photo: ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS)
Israel is interested in acquiring two corvette size ships to extend its naval operational capabilities. After analyzing the U.S. Littoral Combat Ship (LCS), Israel decided these vessels would be too costly. While each LCS would have cost $480, Israel was prepared to spend up to $300 per ship, which roughly corresponds with what the Malaysian Navy spent on a similar design (MEKO A-100 Kedah class). Yet, an obstacle that could hinder the potential sale is the recent acquisition of Blohm + Voss Shipyards – the shipbuilder of the MEKO Class vessels – by the Abu Dhabi MAR Group of the United Arab Emirates.
This picture shows a model of the latest MEKO CSL design, combining a larger, advanced stealth design derived from MEKO A-200 and Visby designs. Photo: TKMS
and delivered israel already deploys three medium size Saar V Eilat class corvettes, slated for an upgrade by 2011. The modernization will include the introduction of a new phased-array radar system and the replacement of current point defense missile systems with the Barak 8 extended air defense system. Fielding such new networked air defense capability will provide the Israeli surface fleet independence of air-cover for the first time, enabling the Israeli vessels to deploy further away from their shores.
Originally the Israel Navy turned to the Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri and ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) in Germany for proposals. Construction or the assembly of the vessels by Israel Shipyards in Haifa has also been considered. The possible subcontracting of work to U.S. manufacturers, by benefiting from Foreign Military Sales funding has also been evaluated.
Malaysia received the first two MEKO A-100 Offshore Patrol Vessels it ordered from Germany in 2003. The remaining four vessels were built in Malaysia, the last was delivered in 2009. F-172 Pahang, the second ship is shown In this photo.The MEKO A-200 Frigate SAN ISANDLWANA for South African Navy on a training mission in coastal waters. Photo: ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS)
Israel is said to be interested in a ‘stretched’ version of the MEKO A-100 corvette, a ship with a displacement of 2,200 tons. However, for such a vessel to become superior to the current Eilat class, the Israelis should opt for the latest, advanced stealth version of the MEKO CSL, which has already been designed for such specifications. The CSL will better adapt for the Israeli requirements for versatility, deck space and sensor placements. (read more about the Meko A class and MEKO CSL)
A major obstacle for the potential deal is the recent acquisition of Blohm + Voss Shipyards – the shipbuilder of the MEKO vessels – by the Abu Dhabi MAR Group of the United Arab Emirates. In October 2009 MAR and TKMS announced the agreement to establish a joint venture ‘Blohm + Voss Naval’, for the design and manufacturing of naval surface ships – frigates, corvettes and offshore patrol vessels. Israel could find such move difficult to digest, accepting ‘Blohm + Voss Naval’ as a strategic supplier. Considering this obstacle, and well aware of the potential opportunities, TKMS and Israel should have worked out a solution to satisfy both the Germans and Israelis. A previous attempt to merge procurement of German vessels with Israel Navy acquisitions or the transfer of existing German Navy vessels to Israel have not materialize.
Being a loyal supplier of naval equipment for many years, Germany is considered a safe choice for Israel. Germany already provided two Dolphin class submarines to Israel at no cost and waived part of the cost for the remaining three. The reason for the generous German gesture is the understanding that claims for increased compensation for remaining survivors of the holocaust will be deferred.
Germany already delivered three submarines while two are still under construction. These new subs utilize Air Independent propulsion (AIP) systems enabling the Dolphins to remain submerged for several weeks. Israel’s submarines are believed to be equipped with underwater-launched cruise missiles, capable of striking land targets at long range. With such capability, Israel possesses a potential ‘second strike’ capability that could establish a viable deterrence against unconventional missile attacks from adversaries such as Iran. Extended endurance provided by the AIP could improve the survivability of such strategic missile submarines, enabling them to maintain combat patrols in the region of the Arabian Sea, maintaining strategic Iranian targets at risk. (Continued…)
The Singapore Airshow 2010 is opening today, could signal the rebound in Asian aerospace market, after a difficult year. 800 exhibiting companies from over 40 countries have gathered for the event, among them 62 of the top 100 global aerospace companies. More than 85% of the 2008 exhibitors are back this year although some big names have skipped this year’s event. The organizers are reporting an increase in the number of national pavilions from 18 in 2008 to 22 this year, as New Zealand, Switzerland, Romania and Russia have joined as national group displays.
Big Show, Big Names…
Among the aircraft participating in the flight display are the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) F-16C and AH-64D Apache, flying in a formation, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) F-111G Aardvark, performing its famous the trail-blazing “Dump and Burn” (dragon breath) fire stunt and a U.S. Air Force A-10. Also on display are two jet trainers – the T-50 jet trainer from the Republic of Korea, and Aermacchi M346 of Italy. Both are contenders for the Singaporean future jet trainer program, augmenting the Swiss Pilatus PC-21 which has already been selected. Eurocopter EC130 also participated in the flying display.
On the static display, visitors can examine one of four new airborne early warning aircraft (AEW) that have joined the RSAF since 2008. The Gulfstream built G550 Conformal AEW (CAEW) was equipped for the AEW mission by Israel’s IAI Elta Systems. Other Singapore Air Force aircraft at the show include the F-16 Block 52 Falcon built by Lockheed Martin, the Boeing CH-47D Chinook helicopter and Elbit Systems’ Hermes 450 unmanned aerial system.
Among the big names on site are Lockheed Martin, Boeing, EADS, Honeywell, Northrop Grumman, Goodrich and Rolls-Royce. Asian aerospace giants are also expected, including Japan’s Mitsubishi Aircraft – developer of the Mitsubishi Regional Jet; together with Liebherr-Aerospace and B/E Aerospace, they will make their debut at Singapore Airshow 2010.
The national Singapore Pavilion has grown dramatically adding 50% in exhibit space with displays spanning over all business areas, including aerospace, armored vehicles, unmanned systems, naval systems and electronics.
The Russian exhibit is positioned mainly around the civilian activities of Sukhoi, a leading member of the Russian United Aircraft Company (UAC). Both Russia and China are promoting here their advanced jet trainers (Yak-130 and K-8), positioned as competitive, affordable offering to many Asian air forces. China is also promoting a wide range of unmanned aerial vehicles for military, scientific and commercial applications.
All leading Israeli defense industries are here sharing space in the Israeli national pavilion, organized by Israel’s Export and International Cooperation Institute. IAI, Elbit Systems, Rafael and IM are here, as well as a few smaller companies – armor specialist plasan, hydromechanical engineering and Pentagon 2000, providing logistics support for aerospace and unmanned systems, as well as the SDS group of companies.
Adjacent to the airshow, Asia Pacific Security Conference (APSEC) 2010 took place, co-organized by the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) and SAe.
Defense Update is covering the Singapore Airshow with a special review, and on-site news flashes. A detailed post-show report will also be available shortly after the show ends.
For past year Asian Aerospace reports please refer to:
The Namer Infantry Combat Vehicle is expanding the Israeli Merkava into a family of vehicles. It also represents the latest version of the ‘heavily armored infantry combat vehicle’ – specially modified, highly protected personnel carriers, pioneered by the Israelis back in the 1960s. Beginning with few M-4 Sherman chassis, stripped of their turrets to become highly survivable mobile command posts for Israel’s armored divisions, the concept further developed in the 1980s, as turretless Centurion and T-55 tanks were modified into highly survivable patrol vehicles, combat engineer vehicles and armored infantry carriers.
The Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) is not a new concept. In fact, Israel is 30 years behind the world in adopting the IFV. However, the Israeli design is not even close to what the world is used to see in an ICV. While modern militaries adopted the ICV (or Infantry Fighting Vehicle – IFV) in the 1980s – the U.S. Bradley, British Warrior, German Puma, French AMX-10P, Spanish Ascod, Swedish FV-90 are all IFVs – the Israeli Army resisted the idea of relying on compromise between a tank that lacks adequate protection, and an armor personnel carrier that cannot take a full squad. The Israelis could afford to wave of the IFV since their indigenous super-heavy Merkava tank could deliver most of the capabilities the IFV could, but do it bigger, stronger and tougher. Armed with a full-sized 120mm cannon, and spacious enough to carry an infantry team the Merkava provided the armor elements the integral infantry support they needed. For infantry mobility the Israelis opted for ‘hybrid’ design, modifying several hundreds T-55 hulls into protected infantry carriers known as Achzarit (Hebrew: ruthless). For more than 20 years these vehicles provided the protected mobility for the Israeli infantry, but could not measure up with the fast moving Merkava Mk 3 and 4 tanks.
The IDF ordnance corps, responsible for the Merkava production has been working on a Merkava based APC for over 10 years, but development was slow due to lack of funding and support from the MOD. In the early 2000s the IDF was keen to buy wheeled armored vehicles, and was considering the acquisition of the U.S. Stryker, German built Dingo 2 or indigenous designed Golan.
During the second Lebanon War of 2006 the Israelis bitterly learned several important lessons that have been forgotten in years of low intensity warfighting. They few infantrymen travelling in the back of the Merkava tank could not perform as effectively as a cohesive unit. Realizing the infantry need a vehicle dedicated for their mission, providing protection and mobility as good as the tank, but far beyond what the current vehicles could deliver. In 2007 it became clear that the only design that could meet the IDF requirement in time and on budget would be the Namer. It took two years to process the initial order through the MOD bureaucracy, but, by mid 2009 the first infantry company at the Golani elite infantry brigade was formally equipped with the new vehicle, replacing the Achzarit that was previously used by the brigade. Today, the Namer program is a major element in the IDF land forces’ five-year modernization plan. Eventually, the IDF plans to field hundreds of Namer ICVs, providing the infantry with the level of protection and mobility matching and even exceeding those of the latest Merkava Mk 4 tanks.
The 13th Infantry Battalion of the Golani Brigade was the first Israel Defense Forces (IDF) unit to convert from the T-55 based Achzarit armored infantry carrier to the new Infantry Combat Vehicle – the Namer. With the Merkava tank and new Namer ICV, the IDF is expanding the Merkava platform into a family of combat vehicles, to include a tactical support vehicle, armored MedEvac, an Armored Recovery Vehicle (ARV) and, potentially, future weapons carriers.
Namer is not a modified Merkava. It uses the basic design and components of the tank, but designed from baseline as an optimized infantry combat vehicle. The new vehicle represents a different concept in IDF armored vehicles – as for the first time the infantry is receiving a dedicated vehicle specially designed for their mission, rather than a modified tank. Despite the basic similarities, At a fully loaded combat weight of 60 tons, this vehicle is almost as heavy as a Merkava Mk 4 tank. This fact underlines the most important factor in the Namer design – its superior protection and mobility.
The Namer program is a major element in the IDF US$60 billion ‘Tefen 2012’ five-year modernization plan currently underway. Eventually, the IDF plans to field hundreds of Namer ICVs to equip its elite infantry brigades, providing the infantry with the level of protection and mobility matching and even exceeding those of the latest Merkava Mk 4 tanks. The Israel MOD is planning to produce the orders for the entire Namer production by 2012, pressing the local production capacity beyond the limits. To meet this ambitious goal Israel is considering moving material sourcing as well as final assembly to the USA. Among the manufacturers being considered are BAE Systems and Textron Systems. This plan is facing significant opposition within in Israel, as many fears its long term effect means the elimination of Israel’s armored vehicles production capability, which will also damage the country’s ability to rapidly reconstitute vehicles damaged in combat.
The Namer is equipped with a remotely operated weapon station, fitted with electro-optical observation and sighting systems, and ‘see-through armor’ optics providing the crew 360 degrees view around the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with a 0.5″ heavy machine gun mounted on the weapon station; a secondary, manually operated 7.62mm machine gun and a 60mm mortar are also included. The rear access door which also acts as a ramp has a transparent firing port for a sniper, utilizing a design originally developed for the Merkava tank. Smoke dischargers are located on both sides of the vehicle. The vehicle is designed to receive the integrated Iron Fist Active Protection System (APS) currently under development at IMI.
The superior base armor and the availability of add-on armor modules provide the vehicle with a protection level unprecedented among contemporary armored fighting vehicles (AFV) and, in some areas, even exceeding that of the latest Merkava Mk4. Much of the armor modules are developed by IMI which was selected to produce the advanced armor suite for the Namer. This advanced armor provides balanced protection to the front, sides and roof. Internally, the seating arrangement enables good protection from blast effect, utilizing protected belly and ‘floating’ seats (not rigged to the floor). The forward mounted engine leaves room for a large rear access ramp, and provides a spacious internal configuration for the fighting compartment.
Spacious internal space is also a by product of the Samson remotely controlled weapon system (RCWS). The flat roof provides effective observation by the optronic sensors, even from closed hatches. The Namer utilizes an ergonomically designed driver’s compartment, similar to that of the Merkava tank, fitted with large vision blocks and electro-optical driver’s viewing devices enabling effective performance under all visibility conditions. Safety equipment includes blast-absorbing seats for the crew and an internal fire suppression system. At least four remotely controlled video cameras are used to provide the crew, driver and commander with unobstructed peripheral view. The new vehicles enables effective operation in “buttoned up” conditions over extended durations, offering spacious interiors, rapid access and dismounting of troops. The new vehicle utilizes much of the advanced command and control systems developed for the IDF ground forces digitization program (Zayad), the vehicle will be supporting the new Battle Management System for the dismounted Infantry, designed by Elbit Systems to support the dismounted ‘Integrated Advanced Soldier’ (IAS) system.
Currently configured as an infantry carrier, the Namer is actually the forerunner of a new family of heavily armored vehicles, designed to support the combined arms fists of IDF brigades. Among the versions envisioned are the armored infantry support vehicle, equipped with remotely operated turret mounting a 30mm automatic cannon and 7.62mm coax, two multi-purpose guided missiles, and 60mm mortar. This vehicle is typically equipped with two minipop stabilized multi-sensor payloads, enabling two operators (commander and gunner) to effectively employ ‘hunter killer’ combat techniques. The current design of the Namer is already prepared to carry the heavier weapon station, offering protected storage for weapons separated from the fighting compartment and strengthened roof able to carry the extra loads. Since the new installation will not penetrate the fighting compartment, the vehicle will retain its infantry carrying capability even with the new weapon kit.
Beyond the Merkava tank and Namer ICV, the Merkava family of vehicles also includes a tactical support vehicle, providing maintenance and support for the combat team. An armored ambulance is also being configured, replacing the vulnerable M-113. Preparations for both missions are already configured in the Namer design. For medical evacuation under fire, every Namer is being fitted with a collapsible stretcher carriage facilitating rapid and efficient battlefield medical evacuation. The IDF also plans to field a Namer designed as an Armored Recovery Vehicle (ARV), supporting Merkava and Namer formations. The Merkava based ARV will be able to tow a fully loaded Merkava tanks, augmenting or replacing the M88 ARVs.
Traditionally, the communications relay was considered a secondary mission on a platform deployed on other missions, resulting in reduced performance and availability. However, with the introduction of lightweight, robust and autonomous platforms, capable of deployment from austere and unprepared sites, UAVs can now perform this mission, close to the forward units. Unlike the costly electro-optical sensor package, often exceeding the cost of the aerial platform itself, an airborne relay payload can be produced at a low cost, resulting in a reasonably priced mission platform, that can be operated by signals units of Army or Marine brigades. Such a capability could dramatically expand communications links, primarily over rugged, mountainous or urban terrain. Industry sources have indicated that such aerial radio relay UAV could evolve into an acquisition program addressing near-term operational requirements, to support U.S. Army operations in the Afghanistan. Industry has been addressing these requirements with early demonstrations of new platforms – ideally suited for forward deployment.
An airborne relay can effectively connect to units operating in mountainous area, where terrestrial radio communications are typically masked and screened by the terrain. The CRP operates in the UHF/VHF bands, supporting a variety of frequencies and waveforms, including Single-Channel Ground-Air Radio System (SINCGARS), extending the range between users for voice and data communications, including chat text, instant messaging and imagery.
Harris-supplied Falcon III radios have been operating in Shadow 200 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as part of an airborne relay system, extend the distance of terrestrial communication. The Shadow 200 carries two Falcon III single-channel SINCGARS combat net radio sets mounted in special fairings on the UAV’s tail booms. The U.S. Army first deployed the Communication Relay Package-Light (CRP-L) in Iraq in mid-2007. Flying at a typical altitude of 14,000 ft. above sea level, the CRP-L system extended the range of tactical communications to around 170 km, far beyond the line-of-sight range of VHF or UHF radios. The Shadow is operated in a similar role supporting the Marine Amphibious Brigade in Helmand, Afghanistan.
Thales is also offering the Lightweight Multiband Airborne Radio, (LMAR) designed specifically for UAVs. This module packages two AN/PRC-148 JTRS Enhanced MBITR (JEM) type radios into an airborne-qualified Air Transport Radio (ATR)-style enclosure specifically targeted at airborne VHF/UHF communications/relay payload applications. LMAR has been designed for integration as part of the mission payload of aerostats, tactical UAV, High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) and Extended Range/Multi-Purpose (ER/MP). Thales is also developing a dedicated version of the LMAR for the British Watchkeeper program. This module is designed to support dual independent radios or handle retransmission with crossbanding configuration. The LMAR has integrated co-site filtering reducing interference from other electromagnetic emissions on the platform. It also supports integrated IP/VoIP facilitating easy integration into airborne network topologies.
In July 2008, such JEM based relay was employed to provide connect users more than 300 miles apart, using their organic radios. This relay was integrated into the solar-powered Zephyr UAV, developed by QinetiQ and funded jointly by the U.K. Ministry of Defence and the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S. DoD). On that flight the solar-powered plane has set an unofficial world endurance record for a flight by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), as it stayed aloft, non-stop, for 82 hours and 37 minutes, exceeding the record set by the Global Hawk in 2001. The radio relay specially designed for this test consisted of a four-radio solution (AN/PRC-148 JEM) capable of providing two retransmission demonstration systems at less than five pounds including radios, retransmission cables, and antennas.A different aerial relay concept being explored by the U.S. is the Combat SkySat, a US Air Force Space Battlelab initiative that utilizes two Thales AN/PRC-148 radios supporting warfighters in a theater of war as well as emergency and first responders in disaster area.
More recently Boeing subsidiary InSitu has demonstrated the Integrator unmanned aerial system carrying and operating the communications relay payload (CRP) utilizing Harris Falcon III (AN/PRC-152) radios. Harris Corporation is one of InSitu’s team members for the U.S. Navy/Marine Corps Small Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (STUAS)/Tier II competition. Earlier in 2009 Northrop Grumman has demonstrated this capability with the Bat flying wing UAV. The company is developing common ground control architecture for the Bat, a new launcher, air vehicle enhancements including a new engine and new mission payloads, among them the airborne relay module.
The Eurocopter group was created in 1992 with the merger between the helicopter divisions of Aerospatiale-matra (France) and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (Germany). By a process of successive integrations, Eurocopter has become Europe’s leading fully-integrated aeronautical group and is, at present, composed of three entities: the parent company, Eurocopter, the German subsidiary, Eurocopter Deutschland; and the Spanich subsidiary, Eurocopter España. This ultimate configuration has enabled the group to have unified command structures, while at the same time respecting the national identities of the partner nations. Among the military models are Fennec, EC-635, EC-645, Panther, Cougar, NH-90 and Tiger.
In contrast to the MGV that relied on a revolutionary networked integrated system for its operation, the GCV will be able to operate with the Army's standard Battle Command control and communications suite. The photos above and below show the FCS network implemented in simulated vehicle environment for the evaluation tests of the first FCS increment systems. Photos: US Army
By 2017 the Ground Combat vehicle is expected to begin replacing the M2/M3 Bradley Infantry Combat Vehicle. At a later stage it could also be configured to address other mission packages. The following chapters outline some of the aspects of the program, defined by U.S. Army Vice Chief of Staff General Peter W. Chiarelli,as the most important combat development and acquisition decisions we will make over the next seven years”.
Protection and Mobility – the Highest Priority
GCV should meet the protection, network and mobility requirements in a single vehicle, designed with growth potential and be capable to adapt as the technology matures and enemy learns, and operate effectively across the full range of military operations. While the protection of the MGV was based, in part, on hit avoidance, mobility and area dominance – hence, it could excel mainly in open terrain – the GCV will have good cross-country mobility similar to the Bradley, with a baseline requirement of 30mph off-road speed (compared to the Bradley’s 28mph). However, it will offer superior survivability and performance, particularly operating in confined spaces like in urban combat. The Army would like its future GCV to have the blast protection level equal to the MRAP, improving its current protection, particularly against large IEDs. Base level protection of the vehicle could vary, and will be scalable to threat and mission. Emphasis will also be given to crew and troops protection, through an enhanced ‘force protection’ package which will address survivability from blast, fire protection and other aspects. Overall, the protection and survivability of the vehicle should be equal to or better than any current combat platform.
In contrast to the MGV that relied on a revolutionary networked integrated system for its operation, the GCV will be able to operate with the Army's standard Battle Command control and communications suite. The photos above and below show the FCS network implemented in simulated vehicle environment for the evaluation tests of the first FCS increment systems. Photos: US Army
A unique feature of GCV will be the situational awareness provided by full 360° observation from within the vehicle, and the hemispheric protection utilizing ‘hit avoidance systems’ – new features currently unavailable in most armored vehicles. Providing enhanced protected mobility to warfighters means soldiers can dismount vehicles closer to the objective, an attribute that can be translated to reduce individual combat loads, lighter body armor, availability of firepower, networking and equipment closer to the dismounted troops. Mission survivability is also becoming an important factor in the GCV design, with its electronic systems and networking designed to retain mission functionality, even when network support is degraded or interrupted.
Equipped to Support Networked Operations
Supporting open architecture networking is not a futuristic vision, says General Chiarelli, it is essential today, to enable troops to operate in formation with other units and within coalitions with other services, international alliances and with non- military agencies.
According to Col. Brian McVeigh, Product Manager for manned systems integration, the networking connectivity should enable task organization at the lowest levels, while better supporting the integration of assets from echelons above the brigade, to increase combat power and effectiveness of the small combat units.
The networking aspect of the new vehicle has not been detailed yet, but according to an earlier assumption, it will not be designed to operate the FCS System of System Common Operating Environment (SOSCOE), since the computing and power requirements of that system are far beyond those slated for the GCV. The current requirement is to support the Army Battle Command Network Systems, integrate and support soldier systems and ‘provide access to joint capabilities’. For example, the system should support integration with unmanned systems, integrate mounted warrior systems, and supporting dismounted networking providing adaptive access points and connectivity to remote and dismounted elements.
Operability and Sustainability
As a new and modern vehicle the GCV should deliver higher sustainability levels and consume less fuel than the Bradley or other vehicles of similar weight and power. The Army requires it to meet the availability rates of the current Stryker. The new vehicle should also provide for adequate exportable power to sustain on-board systems, battery charging for soldier systems and other external applications.
Outlining the vehicle’s Operational Design Principles (ODP), Col. Mike Smith, Director of the Mounted Requirements at the Army’s Maneuver Center of Excellence emphasized some of the new capabilities the Army expects from the new vehicle. Transportability is an important requirement that was somewhat neglected in recent acquisitions. Although overall dimension and weight are dictated by air, sea, highway, and rail restrictions, the Army has decided not to limit the vehicle by the dimensions of the C-130, which, in the past, have restricted many designs. Therefore, air mobility will be provided by much more spacious C-17s. Nevertheless, the vehicle design should maintain modular and reconfigurable concept to support different lift assets and mission profiles.
How much Firepower?
Not much has been publicized regarding the weaponry to be used but apparently, unlike the Bradley or MGV, the GCV is not designed for a balanced firepower – mobility – protection triad and is not emphasizing kinetic capabilities. The three-man crew and the inclusion of dual-sight configuration hints at a baseline turreted configuration, yet the type and caliber of the primary and secondary weapons are still classified. The Army has only stated that the weapon suite will comprise of lethal and non-lethal means to maintain freedom of operation through a wide range of combat environments, including urban terrain and among civilian population.
As explained by Col. Smith’s statement, the GCV’s lethality will be derived from its capability to operate distributed assets, mixed formations of different platforms and the integration with assets provided by other elements. These could become guided artillery, precision attack missiles, guided mortar fire or weapons delivered by aircraft, helicopters or unmanned systems. As more variants are developed, different configurations of the GCV will be armed to defeat similar enemy vehicles – armored infantry vehicles and weapon carriers of different types, but this capability will also be considered primarily for self protection – the offensive aspect of the GCV firepower is the precision of application of combat power delivered by supporting elements.
Diehl Defence has teamed up with Skysec to develop a drone interceptor. Diehl works with Skysec’s subsidiary, Skysec Defence, to modify the original civilian-oriented net-arresting interceptor into a hard-kill system suitable for military missions....
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Some of this week's highlights include:
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Welcome to the latest episode of Defense-Update News Summary! In this episode, we dive into this week’s developments in defense technology, military acquisitions, and strategic partnerships worldwide.
Some of this week's highlights include:
Elbit Systems...
Elbit Systems has signed a 1.5-billion-shekel (approximately $400 million) contract with Israel's Ministry of Defense to establish an aerial bomb manufacturing bombs for the Israeli Air Force. In the past, the government-owned IMI operated...
