Innovative Generic Avionic Servers Provide the Core for a Comprehensive Avionic Upgrade Throughout the IAF Combat Fleet

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Oct 15, 2009

The Israel Air Force is embarking on an ambitious avionics enhancement program that has the potential to upgrade the air force’s entire combat fleet, including fighter, transport and helicopters, facilitating advanced network centric services and capabilities throughout the air force’s combat assets, new and old.

The upgrade will streamline the avionics levels of all the air force assets, from the future JSF, through the recently fielded F-16I to earlier fighter jets and attack helicopters. Unlike earlier upgrade programs, which required replacement of avionic units, the new avionic modernization will introduce a new ‘Generic Avionic Server’ (GAS) hosting new avionic applications, and acting as a ‘mediator’ between the air force’s network and the aircraft avionic system. IAF avionics experts consider this approach suitable to deal with most of the challenges derived by the rapid obsolescence of electronic systems, complex and long development and integration processes involving modern network centric applications, particularly when matched with equally complex, physically, energy, processing and memory challenged avionic systems.

Air force officials consider the implementation of ‘generic avionic systems’ could solve some of these challenges by simplifying system integration. Applications running on the new server will be loosely coupled, using the Data Distribution Services (DDS) standard to communicate data with legacy avionics and among themselves. Additionally, the generic computer will have to be integrated only once into each of the platforms, regardless of the upgrades to the network services. One of the applications the IAF could be considering is an air-force wide situational awareness application that will take advantage of network-centric communications, and data sharing to develop a tactical picture form known aircraft positions of friendly units as well as non cooperative targets. Utilizing the GAS approach for such an application, the air force will be able to leverage an application developed for fighter aircraft and implement it in combat helicopters, with minimum adaptation. Other applications could address accelerated and dynamic kill chains (‘sensor to shooter cycles’), and employment of in-flight network-based virtual training for joint forces (air, land, sea and C4I).

The IAF considers GAS to implement the hardware and generic system services referred as ‘horizontal’ services, maintaining ‘household’ services such as communications and displays controls. ‘Vertical’ applications will employ specific algorithms running mission specific services. When fully deployed, this separation will simplify and accelerate the evolution, integration and rapid fielding of new services, since new applications will be developed to run on ‘virtual machines’, which are both hardware and platform independent, designed to run on GAS rather than on the mission computer of each of the different aircraft types.

As part of the multi-year planning, the IAF conducted a thorough ‘mapping’ of all its avionic resources, to come up with a single piece of hardware that could match the space, power and cooling resources of all platforms. Next, the IAF launched a development program, to demonstrate the new capability. A single contractor will be selected to provide the systems to be implemented throughout the air forces units. Few weeks ago the IAF released the long awaited request for proposal (RFP) for the new computer, and received proposals from four Israeli companies: IAI, Elbit Systems, Astronautics and Rada.

The Air Force is planning to adapt state of the art standards based protocols, such as, running commercial based avionic operating systems, implementing a high level of reliability, thus benefit from mature avionic development environment and availability of proven hardware and software modules. The new computer will be replacing or augmenting the Digital Video Recording systems which are being fielded throughout the fleet. When fully implemented the new computer and its associated networking and display services will provide existing and new platforms with scalable growth capability. On board systems on all platforms, regardless of their age will gain seamless access to all the information on board, access to the airborne data network, including live video.

While the GAS is an ambitious undertaking, the Air Force is hopeful industry will address this new approach by developing new network-based applications on a runtime licensing basis. The IAF has already initiated ‘cooperation’ with potential ‘partners’ for such systems, and is seeking innovative ways to leverage application development as well. Officials consider the new approach will dramatically reduce the total cost of ownership for the airforce, in addition to minimizing the development and integration efforts required by the industry. The IAF is hopeful the industry will back the new avionic architecture, helping fulfill its potential, and generate a huge amount of applications, as the minimal entry level for generation of such has lessened.

Extending Intelligence to the Edge

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Oct 15, 2009

Network-centric information systems bring time, context sensitive intelligence closer to the warfighter

To handle the masses of data and imagery streaming from the field, new tools are developed to assist battalions, companies and platoons to obtain, process and use intelligence and operationally relevant information. Such systems streamline, automate, and simplify tasks undertaken by ordinary soldiers and officers, transforming every staff and Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) to an expert. Such systems are being fielded as low as the platoon level, assisting mission preparation and debriefing, as well as terrain surveying, while at the company level they assist in the creation of better situational awareness and understanding the ‘human terrain’. Operating as network linked services, such systems are effectively supported by networked intelligence services operating at the higher echelons, intuitively suggesting links and relevance of different pieces of information collected from different databases and systems, in search of relevant information.

For example, a new application developed under the DARPA Tactical Ground Reporting System (TIGR) program is designed to automate intelligence collection and reporting at the company and platoon. The new application was unveiled by General Dynamics C4 Systems. TIGR is designed as a map-based geographic information system, enabling users can also track dynamic changes with the system – the data TIGR uses is dynamic information – new structures being constructed, destroyed bridges or new obstacles. TIGR manages this dynamic tactical landscape using before/after photos and updated imagery to provide an up-to-date view of the battlespace. As a networked system, TIGR accesses many servers over the military global information grid, enabling users to receive information from multiple sources, and understand the context of local events within the ‘big picture’. The system is designed primarily for counterinsurgency operations, enabling collection and dissemination of fine-grained intelligence on people, places, insurgent activity and understanding the ‘human terrain’. Meetings with religious leaders, encounters with local villagers or business owners can be recorded and shared in TIGR. The system has been tested this year in Afghanistan and is scheduled to be fielded to more units in 2010.

Another system, soon to be fielded with engineers teams and platoons is the ENFIRE Instrument Set, Reconnaissance and Surveying system, developed by Northrop Grumman. The system is designed as a map-based reporting system, supporting the processing of engineering field reconnaissance – currently done in a complex, manual process reserved only to few skilled professionals. Designed under the guidelines of the Army’s ‘Every Soldier is a Sensor’ (ES2) initiative, the system enables engineering reports to be created by infantry squads equipped with the ENFINE kit. The system employs several lasers, GPS position locators and tablet PC and other devices, assisting the team in recording and measuring roads, bridges and obstacles, charted on digital maps that update the ‘terrain’ information layer displayed on the unit’s digital situational map.

Company Intelligence Support Team (CoIST) system, developed by Textron Systems’ subsidiary Overwatch of the Textron Group are being employed to manage and exploit this information, to better assess asymmetric threats in the area of operation (AOR), by mapping events, behavioral and social activities, highlighting patterns and links with potantial intelligence value. Utilizing diversified sources such as signals intelligence and identification information gathered in routine roadblocks and traffic checks, tracking and intercept of mobile phones, CoIST gathers and analyzes information with cross-reference with patrol reports and ground sensor data, through the integration with TIGR system and current messaging and reporting systems. CoIST maintains a local, sharable database of trackable entities such as people, events, vehicles, phones etc,. Based on this information, the system builds formatted high value target intelligence packages within seconds, assisting time critical actionable decisions.

coist_overwatch — The Company Intelligence Support Team (CoIST) displayed here on a laptop PC shows the various models developed by Overwatch Tactical Operation's products, including integrated map and real-time video feeds received in real-time from unmanned systems via OSRVT, video and images retrieved from teh database, and a graphical link analysis tool showing relationship between relevant entities. Photo: Overwatch / Textron Systems.

CACI, a specialist in biometrics-based services has introduced an integrated system fusing biometric data (fingerprint, iris, face recognition DNA etc) with biographic identity attributes and relationship information from both structured and unstructured data, including free text.

Other systems, such as the NetReveal services developed by BAE Systems’ subsidiary Detica provide intelligence agencies an automatic processing and access to huge volumes of information. The system enables analysts and investigators to study associations and links between objects of varying formats and origin, gaining an insight and develop situational awareness and understanding in rapidly unfolding scenarios, where large volumes of inbound, multiple format intelligence is arriving against a historic back drop of millions of data items and reports. NetReveal identifies and highlights entities over multiple domains, for example, correlating between two groups of people who called a certain phone number and drove a specific car – two sets of events that are not linked to each other but together, create a ‘network’. The system automatically generates such ‘networks of intelligence’ using free text, structured and unstructured data. All elements are correlated with geospatial and time dimension to enable ad-hoc analysis of historic and current information, mined from every accessible sources, including human intelligence and open sources. This process dynamically suggests associations between entities, highlighting links or anomalies, unveiling underlying trends that analysts have not been aware of before.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

New Eyes for the Mounted Platoon

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Oct 14, 2009

The Mast Mounted System (MMS) developed jointly by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin is a networked sensor suite considered for inclusion as part of the U.S. Army’s modernized Brigade Combat Teams (BCT). MMS enables armored reconnaissance vehicles to acquire and share sensor images and videos across the platoon and up the chain of command. Information generated by the MMS supports both the host platform as well as the platoon’s ‘system of systems’, contributing to a wider ‘common operating picture’ shared across the unit’s elements. The MMS could become part of the proposed Stryker Recce Vehicle. The system is mounted on a five meter telescopic mast, and operated by the crew or remotely, through command and control services or dismounts soldiers.

cmms — A typical display of the CMMS developed by Lockheed Martin showing an ortho-photo based situational screen, with two targets (yellow dots) depicted on a panoramic image. Each of the targets is also displayed in the 'target chips' vignettes, with the relevant data. Wide-area search and long-range multi-spectral sensor performance provide the crew with both the location and high-resolution imagery of potential threats and targets. Interrogation of the “target chips” enables positive identification and increased survivability. It also provides the capability for Warfighters to determine enemy intent. Photo: Lockheed Martin

The system can operate over simultaneous modes – Passive, wide area search scans objects of interest over a large area in seconds, displaying a panoramic view offering accurate target detection and location.

360° continuous by multi-spectral sensors provides target identification at ranges greater than enemy detection ranges, and provide accurate target location. The sensor elevates on a five meter telescopic mast, enabling operation from stealthy, stationary positions or on the move.

One of the system’s key advantages is the Central Electronic Unit signal processor (CEEU) performing, target tracking, recognition, and target location processing. The CEEU also performs single- and multi-target tracking, executing rate commands to keep the sensor automatically on target.

cmms_ausa — The CMMS sensor displayed at the AUSA 2009 exhibition on a modified Stryker. Photo: Defense-Update

The processor also performs aided target recognition (AiTR) to automatically and rapidly detect, recognize and prioritize targets of opportunity and military interest in the sensor’s field of view. Advanced algorithms such as Scene Assisted Non-Uniformity Correction (SANUC) are employed to improve image quality at long range. The multi-sensor system operates continuously day and night, in poor weather, and under impaired visibility conditions such as man-made lighting, dust, smoke screens and battlefield fires.

The EO payload employs multi-spectral and low-light level sensors mid-wave infrared and laser illuminated imager, providing wide, medium, narrow and ultra-narrow fields of view. Laser designation capability is used for directing precision fire. The system is controlled from a large flat panel display, presenting panoramic, multi-window displays of the MMS video and external sources, such as UAV imagery or Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS).

uncovered_cmms_sensor — The CMMS sensor is housed in an armored casing providing environmental and battlefield protection. In this picture it is seen without this armored cover. Photo: Lockheed Martin.

Combat Experience, Changing Requirements are Driving MRAP Enhancements

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Oct 14, 2009

matv_tests — M-ATV vehicles undergoing testing in the high desert of Western USA prior to shipment to Afghanistan. Photo: Oshkosh Defense.

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: While M-ATV is being introduced in Afghanistan, 14,000 MRAP vehicles are still in theater, performing a wide range of missions. These vehicles were primarily prepared to protect troops from direct fire, improvised explosive devices and mines, performing as convoy escort. MRAPs are used optimally for security and stability operations, in high threat areas, where they provide protected mobility for counter-IED teams and support medical evacuations from hot battle areas. But these vehicles are ill-prepared for combat engagements. Given their limited maneuverability, questionable performance in urban area and problematic traverse of unimproved roads, bridges and water canals, MRAPs are challenging operational planners and commanders flexibility to the limit.

command_mrap — A company command 4x4 MRAP Cougar vehicle demonstrated at the General Dynamics stand at AUSA 2009. Photo: Defense Update.

As soon as the first vehicles arrived in theater, modifications and improvements were considered, bringing protection to match the evolving threats. It was soon realized that the basic vehicle provides good protection, but needs other improvements. The heavy vehicle required much higher driver proficiency, with better training and familiarity with emergency handling. Other enhancements address field repair of damaged and disabled vehicles, as the recovery of such paralyzed behemoth becomes a daunting task for combat service support teams. These missions required calling in the Army’s heaviest recovery assets – the M88s Hercules which are typically supporting heavy brigades. New recovery vehicles and systems are currently in evaluation to fill this gap.

Electronics HUB Upgrades for MRAP

Among the MRAP enhancements displayed at AUSA 2009 was the HUB vehicle tactical functions management system, introduced by Force Protection. Installed as an add-on to standard MRAPs, the HUB integrates multiple electronic systems on the vehicle, including multiple surveillance and reconnaissance payloads, remotely operated weapons system, mission computers, radios, blue force tracking devices, GPS, acoustic fire detection systems, IED jammers, multiple radios and intercom – all are linked through the ‘vehicle network’ to enable the crew – driver and commander to operate the systems from the cabin.

The HUB network enables flexible vehicle reconfiguration, improved power management, applications of systems health monitoring and improving technical support. Enhancement and modification of the systems on board becomes more feasible with such systems, as the vehicle can better adapt to changing mission requirements. It also improves the integration and interoperability between the different systems optimally allocating spectrum and power resources among competing resources (for example, jammers and radios). The HUB also provides flexible access and task sharing within the crew members, monitoring the different systems, sensors, sectors and communications channels for every soldier.

New Eyes for the Mounted Platoon

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: The Mast Mounted System (MMS) developed jointly by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin is a networked sensor suite considered for inclusion as part of the U.S. Army’s modernized Brigade Combat Teams (BCT). MMS enables armored reconnaissance vehicles to acquire and share sensor images and videos across the platoon and up the chain of command. Information generated by the MMS supports both the host platform as well as the platoon’s ‘system of systems’, contributing to a wider ‘common operating picture’ shared across the unit’s elements. The MMS could become part of the proposed Stryker Recce Vehicle. The system is mounted on a five meter telescopic mast, and operated by the crew or remotely, through command and control services or dismounts soldiers.

The system can operate over simultaneous modes – Passive, wide area search scans objects of interest over a large area in seconds, displaying a panoramic view offering accurate target detection and location. 360° continuous by multi-spectral sensors provides target identification at ranges greater than enemy detection ranges, and provide accurate target location. The sensor elevates on a five meter telescopic mast, enabling operation from stealthy, stationary positions or on the move.

One of the system’s key advantages is the Central Electronic Unit signal processor (CEEU) performing, target tracking, recognition, and target location processing. The CEEU also performs single- and multi-target tracking, executing rate commands to keep the sensor automatically on target. The processor also performs aided target recognition (AiTR) to automatically and rapidly detect, recognize and prioritize targets of opportunity and military interest in the sensor’s field of view. Advanced algorithms such as Scene Assisted Non-Uniformity Correction (SANUC) are employed to improve image quality at long range. The multi-sensor system operates continuously day and night, in poor weather, and under impaired visibility conditions such as man-made lighting, dust, smoke screens and battlefield fires.

he EO payload employs multi-spectral and low-light level sensors mid-wave infrared and laser illuminated imager, providing wide, medium, narrow and ultra-narrow fields of view. Laser designation capability is used for directing precision fire. The system is controlled from a large flat panel display, presenting panoramic, multi-window displays of the MMS video and external sources, such as UAV imagery or Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS).

Hightech Road Warriors

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Oct 14, 2009

tradec_unmanned_convoy_gdrs — Photo below: a convoy comprising of three vehicles, two unmanned T2 light vehicles and an armored control platform, utilizing a modified Stryker demonstrates a combined manned-unmanned semi-autonomous operation during the AUVSI 2009 unmanned systems demonstration at Webster Field, August 2009. Photo: Defense Update.

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: The Army’s newest acquisition – M-ATV , was displayed in a shining new example at prime contractor’s Oshkosh booth at AUSA 2009 before it is shipped to the dusty war torn battlegrounds of Afghanistan. Nearby, Oshkosh displayed a Technology Demonstrator (TD) hinting about what the future applications of tactical vehicles could be – this M-ATV like vehicle was featuring autonomy, exportable power on demand and all-terrain mobility. The TD is equipped with the TerraMax system, integrating sensors, artificial intelligence and drive-by-wire technology to function in autonomous, leader-follower or manually driven modes.

road_warrior_robots — The Autonomous Remote Control HMMWVs (ARCH) modified with TORC Technologies' plug-in PowerHub drive-by-wire system converts the HMMWV into a tele-operated lead vehicle. (Photo: Torc Technologies)

Unlike the big and yellow TerraMax truck robot that participated in the DARPA Challenge, the TD is better configured for military operations, and actually looks like an ordinary M-ATV. Its sensors are concealed, and control systems are installed as an integral kit, converting the standard vehicle into an autonomous one. Such vehicles could be operating in manned-unmanned convoys, reducing the vulnerability, manpower and protection assets needed to supporting logistical operations in the combat zone. Another system being tested by Oshkosh in the TD vehicle is the Command Zone – a multiplexed electronics system that controls and diagnoses all major vehicle systems, allowing its major components to work together efficiently. The vehicle is fitted with the ProPulse hybrid-electric propulsion system, capable of supporting forward deployed units with electrical power. In this configuration, the hybrid propulsion system can provide 60 kVA of electrical power.

oshkosh_td_closeup — This Technology Demonstrator vehicle developed by Oshkosh demonstrated autonomous mobility, power generation and enhanced maintainability. Photo: Defense-Update

Another advanced technology truck demonstrated by Oshkosh is the Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) A3 series featuring ProPulse diesel-electric drive technology which improves fuel efficiency by at least 20 percent over current HEMTT models. The vehicle uses an on-board electrical generator delivering up to 120 kW of military-grade AC power. The By eliminating the driveshaft and differentials, the Propulse system employs electrical motors to drive the wheels, clearing enough space for Enhanced Load Handling System (ELHS) that can be flown in and unload from a C-130. Oshkosh has already produced three prototypes of the vehicle, used for durability testing. One of the proposed configurations of this platform is the Mobile Centurion – a mobile version of the counter-rocket and mortar gun, protecting high-value site defense. The C-130 transportable HEMMT A2 provides cross-country mobility for logistics support carrying loads up to 13-tons. HEMMT A4 is currently in production, featuring long-term armor strategy (LTAS) A-kit cab which can be upgraded to LTAS B-kit when required.

Lockheed Martin is also developing technology to support a mixed manned-unmanned convoy, through the Convoy Active Safety Technology (CAST) – a kit-based platform that can turn a conventional truck into an autonomous member of convoy with a push of a button. Utilizing the company’s developed AutoMate sensor and actuator kit, CAST enables the trucks operating in a convoy to maintain lateral and longitudinal position along the road and relative to the leading vehicle. Autonomously avoiding obstacles, and maintaining constant interval between vehicles, these robot trucks will improve convoy safety, security, survivability and sustainment, reducing crew fatigue, eliminate rear-end collisions. The system has already been integrated in FMTV and M915 vehicles, performing convoy operation of five vehicles. CATS is designed to support movement at speeds of 50 mph on paved roads and 35 mph on dirt roads, operate in day and night, under limited visibility conditions, and handle split autonomous and rejoin maneuvers, when required.

These vehicles were recently demonstrated their autonomous convoy mission capability at a three day Robotics Rodeo event organized by the U.S. Army III Corps at Ft. Hood, sponsored by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC). Some 30 companies participated in the demonstrations, which included remotely controlled, autonomous, leader-follower performance. Among the companies demonstrating such systems were Autonomous Solutions, teamed with Boeing on the development of a remotely controlled vehicle technology; Kairos Autonomi demonstrating the Pronto 4 Strap-on Autonomy System, converting an ordinary car into a tele-operated or semi-autonomous vehicle. TORC Technologies demonstrated how a convoy tele-operated lead vehicle can perform dynamically in a convoy protection missions, absorbing attacks of roadside bombs without risking human lives. SImilar man-unmanned teaming was also demonstrated by General Dynamics Robotics Systems.

For more coverage see Mark Rutherford‘s feature on CNET Military Tech News.

Panoramic Visions for Vehicles

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: 360° surveillance provides effective situational awareness for armored vehicles crew. Perimeter surveillance utilizing peripheral cameras is becoming common with modern combat vehicles, employing forward looking thermal ‘driver vision enhancer’ and tail mounted camera covering the rear area. Adding side looking cameras to each flank complete the system’s 360° coverage. Individual images can be inspected by different crewmembers or be joined together into a panoramic view combining the detailed images, shared and displayed to all crew members.

Fused Vision Tailored for Tactical Vehicles

BAE Systems is offering a complete kit providing peripheral vision for tactical vehicles. ‘Fused Vision System’ (FVS) provides both forward and rear viewing imagery. The FVS consists of an imaging sensor module combined with the front marker-light assembly and blackout drive lamp and containing the fusion engine, the driver’s output display module, and the central interface module. For forward imagery, the modified marker light assembly is integrated with an uncooled, long-wave infrared sensor, a visible/near infrared camera, and an image fusion engine. The long-wave thermal imagery enables operation in complete darkness, supporting the daylight/low-light camera by eliminating blooming or halo. The combined sensor provides an improved situational awareness compared to thermal imagers as it covers the near infrared spectral range, where laser pointers, tracers, and target markers can be seen. The system’s 40° field of view parallels the properties of the Driver’s Vision Enhancer (DVE) for similar drivability. Rear visibility is provided by the Check-6 infrared camera system that is molded into the vehicle’s taillight housing. The rear view gives the driver and crew situational awareness for everything from backing up the vehicle to buttoned-up battlefield operations.

cougar_nightstalker — A Cougar MRAP vehicle equipped with a Nightstalker surveillance system . Photo: IEC Infrared Systems.

Panoramic Scanner

HGH Infrared Systems has developed the IR-360 – a high sensitivity, high speed cooled infrared camera which sweeps over 360° in one second, detecting and tracking multiple moving targets, in day or night, through fog, smoke or haze, detecting human movement in real time, beyond 1,000 meters. The system provides continuously updated 360°. thermal surveillance, providing automatic intrusion alerts, pointing to the target with GPS and vector data, and guiding other systems through the ‘slew-to-cue’ functionality, remotely directing long-range observation systems or weapon stations to engage the target. The system can be coupled with thermal/visual imaging system to support more detailed surveillance.

VipIR improves Thermal Vision

System can be integrated with the advanced VipIR embedded image processing system developed by IEC Infrared Systems that dynamically processes the image to present an optimal view under all visibility conditions. The VipIR supports for color visualizations of different thermal levels, to highlight specific elements in the image. This capability becomes useful when using the system’s digital zoom in ‘picture-in-picture’ investigation mode. When viewing a human target, concealed objects under the cloths can be viewed, as the system performs ‘smart fusion’, showing thermal imaging details superimposed on the background picture only with the ‘pixels of interest’, leaving the entire picture uncluttered.

XM-501 NLOS – Non Line Of Sight Missile System

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Oct 14, 2009

The XM-501 Non Line Of Sight Launch System (NLOS-LS) will begin fielding with the first Brigade Combat Team in 2011. The system provides a unique, flexible, platform-independent precision engagement system, empowering light and heavy brigades with immediate and responsive precision fires against moving and stationary targets and against surface targets at sea. The system employs the Precision Attack Missile (PAM), designed to follow preprogrammed flight paths and in-flight target updates.

Using the two-stage boost-sustain rocket motor and GPS/INS to navigate to the designated target area, PAM can reach targets at a maximum range of 40 km. At close proximity to the target the missile employs automatic target acquisition and terminal guidance system, using the uncooled imaging infrared or semi-active laser seeker, to hit the target with high precision. The PAM can also be directed to hit a specific location, utilizing GPS/INS guidance to navigate to the predefined grid coordinates. The missile is loaded with high explosive shaped charge with fragmentation wrap, defeating armored and soft targets alike. Each Command Launch Unit (CLU) contains 15 ready to fire missiles and one computer and Communications System (CCS) handling the system’s networking and control.

paradrop_nlosls — The XM-501 Non-Line of Sight Launch Missile System (NLOS-LS) Command Launch Unit can be deployed by a variety of means, including by parachute, sling-loaded from a UH-60 helicopter, or by truck (top) The system is operated unattended, and can be reloaded by hand. Photos: US Army

Operating as networked assets, CLUs are operated as unattended units, remotely controlled directly by the supported unit. The CLU can fire missiles individually or dispense all missiles at a rapid succession in 5 seconds intervals. Being platform independent, loaded CLUs can be positioned at forward operating bases or pre-positioned in forward areas to support an unfolding operation. CLU can be moved on tactical vehicles (HMMWV) or medium trucks (FMTV), sling loaded under UH-60s or air-dropped form C-130.

By late 2009 the XM-501 performed a live test flight demonstrating the full capability of the Precision Attack Missile (PAM) using a live warhead. The missile was launched from the NLOS-LS container launch unit (CLU) and used its on-board, semi-active laser seeker to detect, lock on and destroy a stationary BM-21 rocket launcher at a range of 38 kilometers (23.5 statute miles). “The success of this test means we’re only steps away from putting this capability in the hands of soldiers and sailors” Said Scott Speet, executive vice president of NetFires LLC and Raytheon’s NLOS-LS program director.

“This test proves NLOS-LS is going to revolutionize the BCT’s ability to strike targets with beyond line-of-sight lethality for both stationary and moving targets,” commented Col. Doug Dever, the U.S. Army’s NLOS-LS project manager. NLOS-LS takes targeting information from the command and control cell and sends it to the NLOS-LS CLU’s computer and communications system for initial missile targeting. The missile can also use the command and control cell’s targeting information for in-flight updates.

During the test, the PAM missile received a tactical representative target location error, joined the network with its on board radio and operated as a node on the net throughout the flight. Prior to impact, the missile sent back a terminal target image to the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System.

Information Systems Help Warfighters Grasp the Human Terrain

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: An important aspect of military operations in counterinsurgency and stabilization operations is understanding the ‘human terrain’ – the environment which the unit is operating in. Deciphering this subtle social matrix is an anthropological challenge, and has never been part of the military commander’s skill set. However, these social domains are the terrain on which asymmetric conflicts are fought and won, and as such, military commanders should be prepared to assess the situation, avoid obstacles and seize the ‘high ground’, by solving some of the issues most concerning and critical to the local population.

In recent months Human Terrain Teams (HTT) have been embedded with combat units in Afghanistan, assisted with tactical, geospatial systems to learn, understand and interact with the local population. HTTs consist of soldiers, trained sociologists and anthropologists and regional experts, supported by U.S. based center of expertise providing a ‘Reachback’ pool of knowledge. Assisted by advanced technology, officers are able to rely on new software tools developed under the ‘Mapping the Human Terrain (MapHT) – a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) managed by the Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD). The system transforms random and disconnected events into more predictable and actionable decision-making process. The HTS program is the first systematic application of social science research at the tactical brigade level. MAP-HT is currently undergoing evaluation in Afghanistan and is scheduled for fielding with all teams through 2010.

Part of the Human Terrain System (HTS), MapHT is developed by BAE Systems, implementing the Tactical Ground Reporting System (TIGR) for reporting and services derived from Distributed Common Ground Systems – Army (DCGS-A), developed by Overwatch Technology, for data management and retrieval.

MapHT provides commanders with an understanding of socio-cultural information that can be integrated into the decision making process, assessing course of action within the cultural and social context of the target area. The system accesses and generates a situational understanding from surveys, interviews, patrol debriefs, human intelligence from local sources, ethnographic reports etc. Preparing and reporting on Shura meetings with local elders and religious leaders, encounters with local villagers and business owners. Post event reports can be shared with other elements in the area, having access to similar TIGR map-based reporting systems. Utilizing various analysis tools and access to expert and specialist support, commanders can develop more focused courses of action, apply feedback tools to measure and assess ‘human terrain’ operational effectiveness which assist in further improving the system’s operational model.

Mobile Survivable Vehicle – New Siblings Expand the ASV Family

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Oct 14, 2009

asv_scout — The ASV based armored scout vehicle shown with elevated sensor mast. Photo: Textron Systems.

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: Textron Systems took the AUSA opportunity to introduce a new and upgraded version of the M1117 family – designated ‘Mobile Survivable Vehicle’ (MSV). Textron engineers have increased the vehicle’s gross weight by 18%, to 38,000 lb, allowing an increase in spent armor protection and added payload capacity (220% increase). The vehicle has beefed-up exterior armor and appliqué composite armor interior. Better protection is also the result of the redesign process, for example, the utilization of blast deflection surfaces and non-structural elements designed to blow off during mine event. Elevating the vehicle has increased ground clearance by 44% and the larger; protected wheel wells have been vented and strengthened to provide better blast protection. The side windows and windshields were enlarged, providing better situational awareness from within.

The crew and passengers have individual blast protected seats. The vehicle is equipped with a more powerful 365 hp diesel engine, bringing the heavier vehicle to the performance level of the original Armored Security Vehicle (ASV) scout – road speed of 100 km/h (65 mph) and 0 – 80 km/h (50 mph) acceleration in 30 seconds. The new 4×4 vehicle also retains the ASV’s mobility and obstacle negotiation performance, The MSV is equipped with 16 inch tires, and independent suspension. Other M1117 models introduced by Textron Systems include an armored personnel carrier. The vehicle is based on the baseline ASV, extended from 237 to 261 inches (6.0 to 6.6 meters) seating two crew members and eight troops.

This year the company has developed and tested an enhanced combat survivability kit for the ASV and its new variants. The kit comprises several protection enhancement designed to fit all ASV variants. The kit includes taller and higher rated suspension, larger (16 inch) tires, increased track, anti-lock brakes, improved seating and restraints and secure door/hatch system. Another variant proposed by Textron is the Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Target Acquisition (RSTA) vehicle – employing the sensor pod designed for the U.S. Army Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter (ARH). The 5-axis stabilized payload comprises a high resolution Safire LV FLIR with power zoom optics, daylight/low-light CCD, laser rangefinder and laser illuminator used for target marking and counter-sniper surveillance. The sensor is mounted on a telescopic mast, recessed in an armored stowage bustle. The two-man turret also mounts two weapons – an automatic grenade launcher and coaxial machine gun.

Engineer Platoons to get new Gear for Terrain Reconnaissance and Surveying

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Oct 14, 2009

A new system, soon to be fielded with U.S. Army engineers teams and platoons is the ENFIRE Instrument Set, Reconnaissance and Surveying system, developed by Northrop Grumman. The system is designed as a map-based reporting system, supporting the processing of terrain reconnaissance – currently done sporadically through a complex and laborious manual process reserved only to few skilled professionals.

Current procedures require soldiers to be physically at a target to take measurements of road curves, bridges, minefields or buildings. ENFIRE, designed under the guidelines of the Army’s ‘Every Soldier is a Sensor’ (ES2) initiative, enables engineering reports to be filed by infantry squads equipped for the job. The system employs a short distance laser rangefinder to take measurements from remote locations. A long range Laser Range-Finder (LRF) is used to take bearing and distance from the users location at a range of up to six kilometers. Used in conjunction with the Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) and ArcMap geographical database software, ENFIRE users are able to create overlays of bridges, roads, hasty minefields and locations of IEDs plotted on digital maps as they collect the information related to these targets. Digital images and short video files can also be attached to the report for more details.

Netreveal – Networked Intelligence Reveals Hidden Links

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Oct 14, 2009

NetReveal services developed by BAE Systems’ Detica, provide automatic processing and access to huge volumes of information, suggesting association and links between objects of varying formats and origin. Enabling analysts to gain an insight and develop situational awareness and understanding in rapidly unfolding scenarios, intelligence agencies can process large volumes of inbound, multiple format intelligence, dynamically and automatically comparing it to a historic back drop of millions of data items and reports in search of hidden links.

Conventional text based intelligence processing systems that rely on manual association between structured data objects, for example, identifying members of a terrorist cell by linking calls from a suspect’s cellular phone records. According to BAE Systems, NetReveal can identify and highlight entities and links over multiple domains of unstructured data. For example – correlating between two groups of people who called a certain phone number and drove a specific car, the two sets are unassociated events involving people who are non suspects, but the correlation of communications link and access to the same vehicle hints on the existence of a ‘network’, triggering an alarm for further investigation. The system automatically generates such ‘networks of intelligence’ using free text, structured and unstructured data, correlated with geospatial and time dimension. Based on the ad-hoc analysis of historic and current data mined from all available sources, including human intelligence and open sources, this process dynamically suggests associations between entities, anomalies, unveiling associations and underlying trends that analysts have not been aware of before. Data processing that could have taken days in past methods can be performed within minutes.

The system was implemented by the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JEIDDO) in a new intelligence collection and analysis system aiming to uncover and target the operational, financial and social networks involved in IED deployment.

Vehicle Demonstrator Charts the GDLS Led Team Charts the Growth Path for the Stryker

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: A new version of the Stryker at AUSA 2009 in Washington DC, configured as a ‘Wheeled Combat Vehicle Demonstrator’ was also on display. The vehicle presents the achievements of a collaborative effort undertaken by a team of industries led by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS). The team configured the advanced combat vehicle by integrating a range of readily available and mature systems, that can be fielded in the immediate or near future (TRL level 6-7) on current Stryker Brigades, during reset or retrofit or through new production for future brigades. Increased firepower is available with the new remotely controlled 25/30mm armored medium caliber Remote Weapon Station (MC RWS). The vehicle also introduced the new Mast Sensor System, developed by Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. The MC RWS and MMS can be employed together to form a ‘hunter-killer’ assembly.

mms_view — The display of the mast mounted sensor, developed by Raytheon is different from the CMMS proposed for the sensor by Lockheed Martin. This display shows a combination of images from several sensors (driver's thermal imager and main FLIR), while other feeds are accessible on a click of an icon. It also shows the payload's relative position and a panoramic 'strip' at the center, providing an 'unblinking eye' for continuous coverage of the vehicle's perimeter and area under surveillance. Photo: General Dynamics Land Systems.

Other enhancements include a digital backbone, power management, improved armor, blast mitigating seats. The MC-RWS turret has its on-board optics capable of identifying and engaging targets at ranges up to 4,000 meters. Coaxial 7.62 mm machinegun provides added firepower and flexibility. The gun is loaded with 160 ready rounds. Unlike an overhead station that does not penetrate the armor deck, MC RWS do require minimal turret deck penetration. The advantage of this configuration is the ability to reload the gun under armor and firing the gun at high elevations of up to 70 degrees. The system has no turret basket, enabling the protected transport of a full squad.

GDLS plans to expand the Piranha based Stryker’s platform with a 450 hp C9 engine, coupled to a ZF 7HP902 transmission (7 forward 1 reverse speeds) through a single-speed transfer case, designed to provide enough torque to match the vehicle’s maximum gross weight of 55,000 lbs. This beefed-up Stryker can travel at 100 km/h (62 mph) on road, cross a two-meter wide trench and climb a 60% grade. The vehicle has an independent, gas spring hydraulic dampening suspension for each of the eight wheels, operated with computerized damping control and selectable height adjustment via height management system. Capable of adding significant weight, the updated Stryker could be fitted with modular add-on armor kits including appliqué armor against kinetic and fragmentation threats, IED, VB-IED and RPG protection, utilizing LERA hybrid-reactive modules. The vehicle’s counter-mine protection has been improved by selective strengthening of the hull, and implementing computer-controlled variable height, maintaining maximum vehicle ground clearance and height, under all terrain and road conditions. Further blast protection is gained by composite floor plates absorbing fragmentation and blast protected seats allocated to all crew members and troops.

The vehicle is equipped with a 570 amp alternator charging four HASF-FT batteries supporting the vehicle’s on-board electronics. On board systems can also talk to each other over the CAN-Bus digital network. Cameras located in key positions around the vehicle and at the rear, enabling the crew to develop situational awareness over 360º, keeping warfighters fully aware of activity in close proximity of the vehicle. Digital displays are available to all crew members, providing access to vehicle systems’ status which are automatically monitored by embedded diagnostics. Images from external sensors can also be displayed. Communications include JTRS, WIN-T and the new FBCB Joint Platform Tablet computer, extending FBCB2 situational awareness to dismounted use.

GDLS Artillery team has also been working on a self propelled howitzer, as part of an industry team developing artillery fire support systems utilizing the C-130 transportable Stryker platform and the South African Denel 105mm Self-propelled howitzer gun design. The main armament is a 52 Caliber 105mm gun, with effective range of 30 km with unassisted ammunition, and over 40 km with rocket assisted projectiles. The turret is fitted with an assisted rammer. The vehicle has ammunition stowage of 56 rounds. While offering equal effectiveness, the 105 ammunition weighs about half the weight of comparable 155mm projectiles. The 105 mm Mobile Gun System (MGS), the SpH can also fire armor-piercing discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds in direct fire, at targets range of 0-3,000 meters. The Stryker SpH has a combat weight of about 45,000 lbs.

JLTV Demonstrators are Shaping Up for Testing

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: More details on the Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTV) have emerged recently with ongoing Technology Demonstration (TD) phase underway, with each of the three teams producing three basic configurations of the vehicle: Category A with payload capacity of 3,500 lb, seating four soldiers, B category carrying 4,000-5,000 lb payloads and seating six soldiers and Category C – utility prime-mover and ambulance, seating a crew of two and carrying up to 5,100 lb of payload. A common trailer is also part of each vehicle family. Once the vehicle enters production, JLTV is expected to become one of the largest military vehicle acquisition programs worldwide, hence, the US is inviting international partners to ‘buy-in’ their place in the project, similar to the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program. Interested nations must be fully on-board, prior to the beginning of the request-for-proposal process, expected after the current technology evaluation phase.

The first partner already signed in for the program is Australia, joining the TD phase by funding and testing eight test vehicles. Further participation with the U.K., Canada and Israel is also in discussion. While the TD phase could be too early for international partners to consider, the following Engineering, Manufacturing Development (EMD) and Production phases are more likely and will also be open for local and international competition. The Army and Marine Corps managing the program are considering multilateral or bilateral project arrangements for the EMD phase using the ‘buy-in’ approach, where cooperating nations will be required to pay to become a program partners. Interested nations must be fully on-board prior to the beginning of the EMD Request for Proposal (RfP) process. At the AUSA exhibition in October 2009 the BAE Systems-Navistar and Global Tactical Vehicles (GTV) teams both displayed Category B vehicles, while Lockheed Martin brought the new ambulance version of its Category C variant.

The Valanx vehicle built by the BAE Systems/Navistar team is built of an armor grade aluminum monocoque V-hull, providing basic small arms and mine protection in the basic design. Additional protection B-kit provides enhanced protection with thicker transparent glass, hybrid laminates of advanced armor steel and alumina providing side protection and titanium plates augmenting the underbody protection. The Valanx is powered by an International 6 liter V8 diesel engine coupled with an Allison 2500 6 speed automatic transmission and Cushman transfer case. The power pack employs a starter generator delivering 20 kW of electrical power on-board and 10 kW exportable power. Off-road mobility is enhanced by the independent, double control arm/ airbag suspension with active damped and adjustable height. Four wheel steering is provided in the longer (B and C) versions to reduce turn radius and improve mobility over rough terrain. The A category vehicle is shorter and is not equipped with the rear wheel steering.

GTV is building a single vehicle type common to all categories, extended in the B and C categories by the use of an interlocking trailer extension. The vehicle’s V-shaped monocoque hull is fabricated of aluminum, augmented with space frame in the upper section. B-kit armor enhancements employ ceramic armor appliqué; with segmented underbody protection made of alumina, and enhanced transparent armor on the windows. GTV is powered by the General Engines Products twin turbocharged I-6 Optimizer 3200 diesel engine delivering 300 and 500 hp, to suite the different weight classes. The powerpack includes the Allison automatic transmission with six speeds, a transfer case supporting high-low lock and four wheel drive. The vehicle has fully independent, short and long arm semi-active suspension with compressible fluid, supporting variable height adjustmentAs in other JLTV demonstrators, the engine is equipped to deliver power generation supporting 20 kW on board and 10kW exportable electrical power.

The JLTV technology demonstrator built by Lockheed Martin is based on a common frame associated with modular cabs – a shorter A version and longer B and C variants. The vehicle’s hull is designed with improved V shaped form, providesg a high level of protection in the basic version, necessitating minor B-kit enhancements for perimeter, underbody and transparent armored windows. The shorter variant is powered by a 4.5 liter Cummins diesel engine while the longer and heavier models employ the 6.7 liter engine. The engines are coupled to an Allison transmission and Arvin Meritor transfer case. Lockheed Martin used an independent suspension with double control arm, air spring struts and adjustable height.

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Electronics HUB Upgrades for MRAP

Fused Vision Tailored for Tactical Vehicles

Panoramic Scanner

VipIR improves Thermal Vision

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