Persistent Surveillance & ISR at AUSA 2009

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: Persistent surveillance is another field of improvement for the U.S. Army. Current assets, including aerial and vehicle mounted stabilized EO systems, are providing good performance. However their availability, mobility and mission endurance is measured in hours, not days, determined by platform, power and operator limitations. Being able to operate sensors over a wide area and perform surveillance over days and weeks could mean fewer gaps in coverage and lower exposure of units on roads. A wide range of systems displayed at AUSA 2009 suggested ways to improve persistent surveillance performance. Among these were the a range of Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS), a new mast mounted surveillance system, panoramic vision systems enabling effective views under armor protection and improved, lightweight remote video terminals for the users.

Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) are a central element in the U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team modernization effort. Part of the FCS Spin-Out program are two UGS systems developed by Textron Systems – the AN/GSR-9 Tactical-UGS and AN/GSR-10 Urban-UGS sensors, (also known as the Urban Military Operations in Urban Terrain Advanced Sensor System – UMASS). The two sensors will operate with common communications hubs and processing elements, to perform mission tasks such as perimeter defense, surveillance, target acquisition and situational awareness. When deployed, sensors are linked to a gateway system that transmits target data or situational reports back to the user, over the brigade’s wideband data network. In future scenarios, these sensors will provide the outposts for small units, equipped with unmanned systems and precision attack munitions.

These UGS will be triggering alerts in the presence of potential threats, other sensors, such as the Honeywell T-Hawk unmanned system (Class I XM156). This backpackable ducted-fan UAV system is powered by a small gasoline engine and is equipped with a small electro-optical payload assembly that can carry a daylight or infrared camera. The T-Hawk can hover over the suspicious target for about half an hour, or perch for longer periods from a nearby vantage point. Images from the UAV are monitored by the controller at the infantry squad, and also transmitted over the wideband network to the platoon command post for further action.

Persistent surveillance for brigade and below is one of the fields of improvement planned for future Brigade Combat Team (BCT) Enhancement. Current systems offering persistent surveillance are operated at division and above, used primarily in combating and preempting IED emplacements. Among the future systems that could be considered are specialized ground based sensor arrays, including combinations of sensors triggering each other when a target appears. Other sensors utilize ground surveillance radars and panoramic surveillance systems to provide ‘slew-to-cue’ functions pointing narrow-field EO systems. Another spin-off from the FCS program is being developed collaboratively by Lockheed Martin and Raytheon is the Mast Surveillance Sensor (MSS), employing a mast mounted version of the medium-wave multisensor (EO) system developed for the cancelled Manned Ground Vehicle (MGV) project. The system is applied with an advanced mission management and control system enabling wide area surveillance, tracking of targets of interest and investigation, using the high power zooms. The system also employs other on-board sensors fused into a fused panoramic view of the covered area.

These peripheral imaging systems could utilize BAE Systems’ new Fused Vision System (FVS), providing both forward and rear viewing imagery. The FVS consists of an imaging sensor module combined with the front marker-light assembly and blackout drive lamp and containing the fusion engine, the driver’s output display module, and the central interface module.

360 degree surveillance can also be used to provide situational awareness for armored vehicles. Different cameras and imaging systems are currently available. HGH Infrared Systems has developed the IR-360 – a high sensitivity, high speed cooled infrared camera which sweeps over 360 degrees in one second, detecting and tracking multiple moving targets, in day or night, through fog, smoke or haze, detecting human movement in real time, beyond 1,000 meters. The system can be coupled with thermal/visual imaging system to support more detailed surveillance. The system is employing advanced image and IR processing systems developed by IEC Infrared Systems, which have also been integrated in two new systems introduced by IEC – the IntrudIR alarm and tracking system and M-1 NightStalkIR family of surveillance systems.

trex_screenshot — AAI's tactical remote exploitation terminal (T-Rex) can support 18 simultaneous video feeds from different sensors, supporting real-time sensing and live and after action analysis utilizing advanced data visualization and association techniques, text extraction, geospatial and temporal analysis. The terminal controls multiple sensors over the map-based interface, supporting simultaneous intelligence gathering missions from multiple platforms. It is interoperable with the DCGS-A and Prophet signals intelligence system. Photo: Overwatch/Textron Systems

As more imagery data and intelligence reports are gathered at the lowest-echelon, and with the introduction of wideband datalinks and networking extending connectivity ‘to the edge‘, distributing imagery away from the sensor, to improve situational awareness at the company and battalion level becomes imperative. Receiving imagery and intelligence in real- or near-real time, annotating, tagging and storing large masses of information, and retrieving and presenting it on demand becomes a critical factor for future intelligence and operational planning.Today’s combat network radios are limited in their data transfer capacity and are inadequate to transport large files and imagery, therefore necessitating the use of dedicated wideband networks and datalinks. Analog and digital video links are currently used to transfer video from UAVs to remote users, utilizing the video link and display terminal known as OSRVT. These capabilities are being extended and enhanced, with the introduction of digital links, that enable rapid processing of ‘kill chains’, enabling ground forces to task, and clear fires from manned (attack helicopters) or unmanned (Predator, Hunter UAVs) assets teamed with ground units at every level, as part of the land-based combat unit. The key to this capability is having the ground unit commander monitor the aerial sensor payload view of the target through the OSRVT, clearing firing command based on their knowledge of situation on the ground. This procedure is different from the air-force practice of air support, where assets such as Reaper and Predator, or manned aircraft are conducting their attacks under different conditions, relying on guidance form joint tactical air coordinators or aerial recce.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

New Networks in Formation

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: The network centric that transformed the capabilities of air and naval forces in recent years is finally settling with the land forces, where outdated platforms and communications technologies, coupled with complex integration challenges have hindered sofar the introduction of wide-scale network-centric capabilities. With wide-band networking services becoming accessible at theater, the services are beginning to outfit command vehicles with mobile wideband connectivity that connects them to the global network. This tasks will become simpler with the introduction of JTRS wideband networking radios as part of the Network Integration Kit, as part of the brigade combat team moderrnization process. As these floodgates are open, the procedures, equipment and applications used at the tactical operations centers must be modified to prepare for the handling of masses of information. Some of these services are tailored as mission specific, assisting combat platoons in mission preparation and debriefing or helping medics perform lifesaving support on medical evacuation. These Some of these elements were displayed at AUSA 2009.

A 4×4 Cougar MRAP displayed at General Dynamics C4 Systems at the AUSA 2009 exhibition demonstrated how this command vehicle can be tailored to offer company commander continuous connectivity on the move. This Cougar demonstrated how the company could access the ‘global information grid’ (GIG) using battalion command post as a ‘bridge’. The Cougar is also equipped with wireless networking to support local users, including smartphones, iPhones, notebooks and the GoBook digital dial tone mobiles.

To extend effective links to dismounted soldiers Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) is employed linking with teams equipped with the AN/PRC-154 JTRS HMS rifleman radios. For the demonstration the armored vehicle was fitted via vehicular radios supporting the new Wideband Network Waveform (WNW), linking via Network Centric Waveform (NCW) to the battalion tactical operations center. To support the company in its forward position, the battalion operates a Tactical Communications Node-Lite (TCN-Lite) providing satellite WIN-T connectivity to support battle command and network services. ‘Point of Presence (POP) application, linking a company commander into the GIG through the current tactical net and broadband WIN-T network, to his battalion, and brigade networks, extending full situational awareness, video conferencing and C4I supporting the mobile users at the lower echelon.

A ‘side effect’ of the decision to modernize all brigade combat teams with new sensors, robotics and precision fires is the introduction of relevant networking infrastructure to make the sensors, weapons and unmanned systems work. This process will drive a technological transformation of the combat units, eventually leading to the replacement of all the Army’s 30 year old radios. The first phase of this process is the ‘Network Integration Kit’ (NIK). An incremental collection of radios, computer software and networking capabilities, NIK is required to connect between the new sensors and their operators. It will also enable information and images to be transferred to from the squad to the platoon, company, battalion and brigade, enabling all networked users to access all sensors.

While the primary goal is sensor access, the new networking infrastructure is not limited to sensor data – in fact, the entire brigade will rely on its wideband connectivity. Company and battalion command posts will become information and networking hubs, carrying data and images from the lower echelon, transferring it over WIN-T and satellite links to throughout the brigade and above. At its present form, the NIK comprises the integrated computer system (ICS) that hosts the Battle Command software and the new System of Systems Common Operating Environment (SOSCOE) software, along with Joint Tactical radio System (JTRS) Ground Mobile Radio (GMR) systems. NIK is currently configured as a vehicular system but future versions will also be developed to support man-portable applications.

The Battalion Tactical Operations Command post displayed at the AUSA exhibition represented this new concept. Utilizing existing systems, such as the Command Post Of the Future (CPOF) system, supporting collaboration between brigade and battalion commanders, Maneuver Control System (MCS) operational planning applications and the recently enhanced version of Force XXVII Battle Command Brigade & Below (FBCB2) Joint Capability Release (JCR), providing the ‘blue force’ tracking and ‘red force’ data to be superimposed on aerial imagery. The new FBCB2 also enables live streaming ‘picture in picture’ to be integrated on the display; it also provides for color marking of specific elements – a unit formation or vehicles in a convoy, obtaining better situational awareness in complex situations, where multiple friendly forces clutter the screen.

With the increasing flow of information and assuming more tasks beyond their combat responsibility – battalions are responsible for everything – combat support, civil affair, legal and media relations. The TOC, once the kingdom of the battalion commander has turned into a beehive, accommodating at least 20 staff officers and assistants, dealing with everything from combat decisions to communications, fire support to medical evacuation and intelligence to legal matters. Much of the complexity in operating these diverse tasks was coordination and update of the operational picture – developing situational awareness, providing early warning on hostile actions, preventing risk of friendly fire, managing movement of units, coordinating support etc. With the new networking systems, such coordination will be automatic. Distributing the tasks to different workstations performing collaborative work from different locations, thus relieving the pressure from the TOC, provide more time for decision making and analysis, in a less pressured environment.

An integrated information system literally designed to save lives is the Global Patience Care and Tracking System (GPCATS) developed by Sierra Nevada Corp. (SNC). The system integrates airborne medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) helicopters, medics on the ground and forward medical care facilities to assist the medics with modern telemedicine technology. A central element of the system is the Electronic Critical Care Flow Sheet (ECCFS), which handles all the patient’s treatment procedures and history. The system uses wireless communications to monitor multiple patients, administering necessary intervention when needed; providing hospital specialists will also be able to network with medics, assisting medevac and preparing the hospital to receive the patient on arrival.

Different aspect of military operations in counterinsurgency and stabilization operations is the understanding the ‘human terrain’ – the environment which the unit is operating in. Understanding this subtle social matrix is an anthropological challenge, which has never been part of the military commander’s skill set. Assisted by advanced technology, officers are able to rely on new software tools developed under the ‘Mapping the Human Terrain (MapHT) – a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) managed by the Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD). The Human Terrain System (HTS) developed by BAE Systems, utilizes the Tactical Ground Reporting System (TIGR) for reporting and services of the Distributed Common Ground Systems – Army (DCGS-A), developed by Overwatch Technology, to run the database and server services. The system tracks surveys, interviews, patrol debriefs, human intelligence from local sources, and ethnographic reports to create a situational understanding of the human, sociological and cultural environment related to the area of operation. MAP-HT is currently undergoing evaluation in Afghanistan and is scheduled for fielding with all teams through 2010.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Precision Fires and Effects Outlined at AUSA 2009

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Oct 14, 2009

stryker_sph1 — A new 105mm self-propelled artillery system based on the Stryker vehicle is currently in development by an industry team led by GDLS and Denel. Photo: GDLS.

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: A major future improvement anticipated today is the precision enhancement of indirect fires, at brigade level and below. Sofar the anchor of the Brigade’s precision fires artillery was the 155mm gun-fired Excalibur GPS guided projectile. Soon, more choices will be available with the introduction of precision 120mm mortars bombs and Precision Guided Kits (PGK) for artillery projectiles, enhancing the brigade’s organic precision indirect fire capability. In addition, Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) missile to be fielded by 2011 will introduce direct, simple, and effective fire support methods, applied at the lower echelon, without the support of forward observers and air/ground liaison teams. Precision attack could be further enhanced by improved guided long-range rockets such as GMLRS+ and the Hammer loitering weapon.

One of four priorities set for the second phase to be pursued by the new ‘Brigade Combat Team Modernization’ program is ‘enhanced precision mortar capability’, currently addressed by a number of companies, among them ATK, Raytheon and BAE Systems. One of the most mature products is the DAGGER GPS guided mortar bomb, developed jointly by IMI and Raytheon.

dagger_mortar_120 — The Dagger 120mm guided mortar round, being developed under a collaborative program between Raytheon and IMI. Photo: Defense Update. Below: Two images depicting the PGK-1 precision artillery and mortar kits developed by ATK. Photos: Defense Update.

Similar effects for mortars and artillery rounds are obtained with the Precision Guided Kit (PGK) being developed by ATK. Raytheon is also offering the Spearhead PGK-2 guidance kits, configured for 155mm and 105mm artillery rounds. Fitting as replacement fuse on existing rounds, PGK uses Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) signals to monitor the flight path of the round and release corrects the trajectory of the projectile thus improving hit accuracy and reduce delivery errors to a circular error probable of 30 meters, regardless of the range fired.

The XM-501 Non Line Of Sight Launch System (NLOS-LS) will begin fielding with the first Brigade Combat Teams in 2011. The system provides a unique, flexible, platform-independent precision engagement system, empowering light and heavy brigades with immediate and responsive precision fires against moving and stationary targets and surface targets at sea. The system employs the Precision Attack Missile (PAM), designed to follow preprogrammed flight paths and in-flight target updates. Using the two-stage boost-sustain rocket motor GPS/INS to navigate to the designated target area, PAM can reach targets at a maximum range of 40 km and employs one of three attack modes – autonomous terminal homing, semi-active homing on a laser designated target or attack of a designated grid point. Being platform independent, loaded Command Launch Units (CLU) can be positioned at forward operating bases or pre-positioned in forward areas to support an unfolding operation. The CLU can be moved on tactical vehicles (HMMWV) or medium trucks (FMTV), sling loaded under UH-60s or air-dropped form C-130. Operating as networked assets, CLUs are operated as unattended units, remotely controlled directly by the supported unit. Once fielded, the CLU is expected to become a modular launch system accommodating a number of weapon types for different applications.

One system absent from the exhibition was the Griffin Small Guided Munition (SGM), currently under development at Raytheon. This small missile is expected to be a weapon of choice to be employed by UAVs and light helicopters, providing a localized, yet effective impact on the target, while minimizing collateral damage to non combatants and nearby troops.

The Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) has proved itself in combat as an accurate weapon system, delivering massive firepower rapidly and accurately over extended ranges. GMLRS+ is an evolutionary improvement of this weapon, being offered by Lockheed Martin under a product improvement initiative to enhance the capabilities of Field Artillery operating the M270A1 and HIMARS launchers. The rocket adds two retractable aerodynamic surfaces that increased the rocket’s aerodynamic performance and extended range. Coupled with the use of terminal area seekers, such as the DAGR semi-active laser seeker, GMLRS+ can engage targets from different directions, adjusting its flight path to arrive at the target ‘over the shoulder’ of the target designator, thus reducing the risk of missing the target or homing in on laser reflections. The rockets launched in sequence can be programmed to impact the target simultaneously, gaining a maximum effect on target with fewer rockets.

Another enhancement of the MLRS family could be the Hammer ground-launched multi-role loitering missile developed by Raytheon, unveiled at the AUSA exhibition. The Hammer was designed as a low-cost, land based loitering weapon system, based on the Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) family, extending the Army’s electronic attack and Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) capability. Powered by a TJ-150 turbojet engine Hammer sustains flight duration of 60 minutes at 30,000 ft. at a cruising speed of 0.6 mach. The missile can cover a range of 200-500 km guided by on-board GPS/INS navigation unit, offering long-range precision strike with unique re-attack capability. Flying an autonomous mission along a pre-programmed path, the missile can loiter over the target waiting for the radar or missiles to activate or receive and acknowledge target updated in flight, through a two-way communications link. A range of warheads available for the missile provide for different effects, from electronic attack, to semi-active laser targeting, to moving targets attack and all weather capability. The missile uses existing MLRS/HIMARS launchers, each loading one (HIMARS) or two (M270) six-pack containers.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Combat Vehicles on Display at AUSA 2009

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: The exhibition provided a preview of potential improvements for major platforms, such as the Stryker, Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle, Paladin self propelled gun, M-1A2 SEP / E3 Abrams main battle tank and M-1117 Armored Security Vehicle (ASV). It was an opportunity for several companies to present a conceptual approach to manned-unmanned operation of ground vehicles, such as in convoy operations.

The Army’s next generation Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) was the hottest item on the premises, but neither the Army, nor industry has even a clue about how these vehicles will look like or if they will be tracked, wheeled or both. The Army wants its next generation combat vehicle to improve force protection, with the first increment of vehicles fielded by 2017 to providing all occupants explosive blast protection equivalent to Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP), as well as the ability to observe 360 degrees from inside the vehicle. All increments are expected to integrate advanced passive and active protection, as technology matures and lighter materials are available to provide comparable protection. The vehicle will provide full tactical mobility in rough terrain and confined urban landscapes. The first increment will be the Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV), to be designed to maintain the maneuverability of the Bradley, while surpassing the protection level provided by the current tracked vehicle.

An option for such IFV could be the enhanced version of the Stryker infantry combat wheeled vehicle, which made its debut here as the ‘Wheeled Combat Vehicle Demonstrator’. The vehicle presents the achievements of a collaborative effort undertaken by a team of companies led by GDLS, that developed a combat vehicle, integrating a range of mature, readily available technologies that can be rapidly fielded with Stryker Brigades during reset, or through new production for future brigades. Among these new enhancements are increased firepower, provided by a new remotely controlled 25/30mm armored, Medium Caliber Remote Weapon Station (MC RWS) and a Mast Sensor System, developed by Lockheed Martin and Raytheon as a derivative from the Future Combat Systems program. Other enhancements include a full digital vehicle networking backbone, power management, improved armor and blast protection. GDLS also introduced the Infantry Squad Module Demonstrator – a developmental tool developed by GDLS to evaluate the survivability, situational awareness, power management and squad ergonomics assessing mission effectiveness of vehicle mounted infantry squad equipped with integrated soldier systems and equipment expected to be fielded by 2015. The module design is based on lessons learned from recent conflicts and the FCS program, and implements improved blast protection, power availability and battery charging requirements, situational awareness and connectivity to stowage access and placement, enabling rapid egress and ingress.

Force Protection has also unveiled new enhancements for the MRAP, among them the vehicle tactical functions management system known as the HUB. Installed as an add-on to standard MRAPs, integrating multiple electronic systems on the vehicle, the HUB connects surveillance and reconnaissance payloads, remotely operated weapons system, mission computers, radios, blue force tracking devices, GPS, acoustic fire detection systems, IED jammers, multiple radios and intercom – all are connected through the ‘vehicle network’ to enable the driver and commander to operate the systems in an efficient way from the cabin crew stations.

A different approach was demonstrated by Textron Systems, which took the AUSA opportunity to introduce a new and upgraded version of the M1117 family – designated ‘Mobile Survivable Vehicle‘. Targeting the upcoming Canadian acquisition of hundreds of new armored vehicles, Textron engineers have adapted their vehicle to the Canadian requirements, increasing the vehicle’s gross weight by 18%, to 38,000 lb, spent mainly on additional armor protection and increased payload capacity (220% increase).

All three Joint Light Tactical Vehicles (JLTV) Technology Demonstrators (TD)were on display at the exhibition. Last year the JLTV program office has awarded three technology demonstration contracts to three teams, to produce three basic configurations of the vehicle – with payload capacity of 3,500 lb seating four soldiers in the front and back seats (A category), B category carrying 4,000-5,000 lb payloads and seating six soldiers, and a utility prime mover and ambulance seating a crew of two and carrying up to 5,100 lb of payload. A common trailers is also part of each vehicle family. At the exhibition, the BAE Systems-Navistar and Global Tactical Vehicles (GTV) teams displayed Category B vehicles, while Lockheed Martin displayed an ambulance version of its Category C variant. Once the vehicle enters production, JLTV is expected to become one of the largest military vehicle acquisition programs worldwide. Hence, the Army and Marine Corps managing the program are inviting international participation in the program, where foreign countries could ‘buy-in’ their place in the project, similar to the JSF fighter program. Interested nations must be fully on-board prior to the beginning of the request for proposal process expected after the current technology evaluation phase.

An M-1A2 SEP turret demonstrator on display at AUSA outlined a range of optional new systems integrated into the latest SEP-2 model. Among these were a thermal blanket from Saab, the CROWS II remotely controlled weapon station from Kongsberg, a new display for the loader, and a new head-up display applied on the standard vision block, designed by Oasis systems. Images and computer symbology projected over the vision block providing a ‘head up display’ effect, improving situational awareness for the tank commander.

The Army’s newest acquisition – M-ATV currently underway to Afghanistan, was represented at prime contractor’s Oshkosh booth. An M-ATV based technology demonstrator developed by Oshkosh hints about the future applications of tactical vehicles, based on autonomy, power and all-terrain mobility. The new technology demonstrator is implementing the TerraMax system, integrating sensors, artificial intelligence and drive-by-wire technology to function in autonomous, leader-follower or manually driven modes.

A different application of ProPulse employed on theA3 version of the Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT A3) converts the vehicle into a power station, and load carrier configured to carry the modular Payload Loading System (PLS). This innovative application that made its debut here introduced a rapid deploying power station, utilizing renewable energy by a windmill and solar panels, utilizing the vehicle’s ProPulse system as a backup generator. The system is designed to produce 25 kVA of continuous AC power on demand.

Lockheed Martin is also developing technology to support a mixed manned-unmanned convoy, through the Convoy Active Safety Technology (CAST) – a modification kit that turns a conventional truck into an autonomous member of a convoy with a push of a button. Utilizing the company’s developed AutoMate sensor and actuator kit, CAST enables the unmanned vehicles in the convoy to control the vehicle’s lateral and longitudinal position along the road and relative to the leading vehicle, avoiding obstacles, and maintaining constant interval between vehicles to improve the safety and security of the convoy, and reducing crew fatigue and exposure to hostile attack. The system has already been integrated in Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) and M915 vehicles, demonstrating five vehicle convoy operations. The system is designed to support movement at speeds of 50 mph on paved roads and 35 mph on dirt roads, operating in day and night, under limited visibility conditions.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Army Aviation Expands Helicopter – Unmanned Systems Cooperation

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: As the largest world operator of UAVs, the U.S. Army has flown over 760,000 combat flight hours with the growing fleet of UAVs. To date, over 1,400 UAS operators have been trained with 2,300 additional trainees competing their training in 2010. Among the new UAVs, the Army is taking delivery of the first Sky-Warrior Extended Range Multi-Purpose UAV among 11 systems (132 aircraft) planned for procurement, the first platform designed from Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Attack missions. Similar missions are being performed by the MQ-5B Hunter, while improvements underway for the RQ-7 Shadow small UAV will introduce closer cooperation with ground units, directly linking UAVs with scout and attack helicopters, via the new VUIT-2 system.

Enhancements are also performed with the RQ-11B Raven, deployed with a new digital datalink, thus increasing the number of Ravens operating simultaneously in an area from 4 to 16. A new addition is the new XM-156 T-Hawk UAV is planned to be deployed with all 73 brigade combat teams in the upcoming years. More supporting systems enhancing the use of unmanned systems are also being fielded – including common ground stations and controllers, and command, control and remote video terminals, enabling more users to take advantage of these indispensable assets.

Ongoing programs are underway to upgrade and increase the number of helicopters in the fleet, introducing models of UH-60M Black hawk and CH-47F Chinook built as new or re-manufactured from existing platforms. The Army is also fielding a new aviation brigade to be equipped with available assets. To sustain the new and existing units pressed hard under the deployment cycles and combat tempo, extensive pilot training is underway at Ft. Rucker, to fill the gaps in trained aviators and support personnel. Other programs are moving slowly or stalled altogether. These include in-theater transport, joint heavy lift helicopters, and aerial common sensor (ACS) SIGINT system. Instead, the Army promoted ad-hoc systems developed to meet urgent combat requirements, such as the Aerial Counter-IED ODIN Task Force, Project Liberty and Constant Hawk platforms – all developed, maintained and operated in theater by civilian contractor L3 Communications.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Future Land-Based Air and Missile Defense Systems at AUSA 2009

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Oct 14, 2009

pac-3_mse_thaad — Lockheed Martin's air and missile defense systems - Patriot PAC-3 (upper), enhanced version (MSE) and the THAAD (lower), shown on a missile display at Lockheed Martin's display.

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: Improving early warning and protection of forward operating bases is urgently needed by many armies. The advanced lightweight counter-mortar radar providing early warning on incoming mortar attacks, and new, very-short-range interceptors, designed to defeat such threats before they hit their targets.. Other missile defense systems being fielded under the U.S. Army control include enhanced PAC-3 combined air and missile interceptor, and THAAD missile defense system are being developed under the U.S. Missile Defense Initiative, to protect forward deployed forces from short and medium missile attacks.

lm_eaps — Lockheed Martin is pursuing a terminally guided Hit-to-Kill (HTK) mini-missile kinetic interceptor for the Extended Area Protection and Survivability (EAPS). Photo: Defense Update

Early warning enables soldiers to take cover while the system plots the firing mortar location, enabling the FOB or other forces in the area to take action. These radars can also provide early warning for Counter Radar, Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM) weapons such as the Extended Area Protection and Survivability (EAPS) missiles currently under development by teams headed by Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. Two concepts are developed – the LM team is pursuing a terminally guided Hit-to-Kill (HTK) mini-missile kinetic interceptor, while NGC is developing a seeker less, passive interceptor, utilizing proximity-fused forward-firing warhead to achieve a similar effect. Both missiles are designed to intercept subsonic targets such as mortar rounds, at ranges as short as 3,000 m’. Both systems will rely on the XM-501 NLOS-LS for operations and logistics, with each CLU carrying up to 132 interceptors, or configured with mixed loads of Precision Attack Missiles (PAM) and EAPS C-RAM interceptors. The systems, expected to be ready for testing by mid 2011. It will be supported by a dedicated 360 degree staring AESA radar, providing battle management ad guidance, as well as the new EPQ-36 enhanced counter artillery and mortar radar, currently being developed.

Another C-RAM system is the Iron Dome, developed by Israel’s Rafael. Raytheon is already cooperating with Rafael on the development of the Stunner medium-range rocket and missile interceptor, being developed with support of the US missile Defense Agency; sofar the Iron Dome program was funded exclusively by Israel but after proving high level of maturity, U.S.-Israeli production of the systems could be considered, as such a capability is meeting urgent requirements both in Israel and in other theaters.

Extending air- and missile-defense even further, Lockheed Martin is introducing an enhanced performance Patriot PAC-3 missile, designed to encounter evolving threats at ranges and altitude about 20 percent beyond the current missile’s capability – the new interceptor will use a larger, dual pulse rocket motor and larger, collapsible fins, allowing the missile to fit into the current PAC-3 launcher, giving the interceptor more maneuverability against faster and more sophisticated ballistic and cruise missiles. The warhead and guidance systems will remain the same. Maintaining its strategic mobility and existing infrastructure, this PAC-3 Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) could integrate with naval based SM-3 and TPY-2 radars to provide a forward deployed element of the missile defense capability being proposed by the White House and Pentagon. PAC-3 MSE has already been selected as the primary interceptor for NATO’s Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) and is planned to provide the lower tier element in President Obama’s new missile defense program.

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

AN/GSR-9/10 Family of Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS)

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Oct 14, 2009

tugs_vis — The visual sensor is part of the AN/GSR-9 Tactical unattended Ground Sensor system. It comprises an imaging sensor taking snapshots of the scene, triggered by the attached passive infrared sensor located at the right. Other elements of the system include seismic and acoustic sensors. Photo: U.S. Army.

Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) are a central element in the U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team modernization effort. Part of the FCS Spin-Out program are two UGS systems developed by Textron Systems – the AN/GSR-9 Tactical-UGS and AN/GSR-10 Urban-UGS sensors, (also known as the Urban Military Operations in Urban Terrain Advanced Sensor System – UTASS).

tugs_seismic — The seismic sensor is part of the AN/GSR-9 Tactical unattended Ground Sensor system

The two sensors will operate with common communications hubs and processing elements, to perform mission tasks such as perimeter defense, surveillance, target acquisition and situational awareness. T-UGS is designed as a modular set of multi-mode sensors, including seismic, acoustic imaging and chemical, biological and radiological sensors providing detection, classification and early warning of a presence of radiating materials. U-UGS is designed primarily for operation indoors, obtaining situational pictures in urban setting. Hand emplaced by soldiers or ground robots, the systems enables a small unit to monitor ‘urban choke points’, such as corridors or stairwells, sewers, culverts and tunnels.

Each sensor is equipped with wireless links transmitting target data to the gateway. When deployed, sensors are linked to a gateway system that transmits target data or situational reports back to the user, over the brigade’s wideband data network. In future scenarios, these sensors will provide the outposts for small units, equipped with unmanned systems and precision attack munitions. As UGS will be triggering alerts in the presence of potential threats, other sensors, such as the Honeywell T-Hawk unmanned system (Class I XM156) could be scrambled for a closer look. This backpackable ducted-fan UAV system is powered by a small gasoline engine and is equipped with a small electro-optical payload assembly that can carry a daylight or infrared camera. The T-Hawk can hover over the suspicious target for about half an hour, or perch for longer periods of time from a nearby vantage point. Images from the UAV are monitored by the controller at the infantry squad, and also transmitted over the wideband network to the platoon command post for further action.

tugs — a collection of system comprising the T-UGS system. Photo: Defense Update.

Global Patient Care and Tracking System (GPCATS)

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Oct 14, 2009

An integrated information system literally designed to save lives is the Global Patient Care and Tracking System (GPCATS) developed by Sierra Nevada Corp. (SNC). The system is designed for airborne medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) helicopters, supporting medics on the ground by linking them to the forward medical care facilities to assist the treatment through the evacuation process utilizing telemedicine technology.

A central element of the system is the Electronic Critical Care Flow Sheet (ECCFS), handling all the patient’s treatment procedures and history. The system uses wireless communications to monitor multiple patients, administering necessary intervention when required. The ECCFS updates the receiving hospital with patient video, ultrasound and other images, enabling hospital specialists to assist during medevac and preparing the hospital to receive the patient on arrival. GPCATS systems integrate an airborne access point, interfacing between the medics units (SNC’s Tacticomp 5 handheld computers) and the aircraft communications. The system also comprises a wireless-linked lightweight trauma module, including life support respiratory systems, remote monitoring and other sensors. This unit can also be enhanced with modules administering specific treatments. The medic units are designed to monitor multiple patients, control and operate the system, trigger patient status alarms, access and update diagnostic equipment, patient records and ECCFS, etc. All records are stamped with geographic and time records for further analysis.

U.S. Army Defines Ground Combat Vehicles (GCV) Priorities

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Oct 14, 2009

AUSA, Washington DC, October 2009: Awaiting the imminent release of the U.S. Army’s largest acquisition of tactical armored vehicles in years, the next generation Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) was the hottest item on the AUSA 2009 exhibition, but neither the Army, nor industry has even a clue about how these vehicles will look like or if they will be tracked, wheeled or both.

The Army’s U.S. Army’s TACOM Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) is inviting candidate industries capable of designing, developing and producing the next generation vehicles of Ground Combat Vehicles to line up for the program. The Army will be briefing potential participants in an industry day planned for October 16 in Michigan.

gcv_notional — A concept armored vehicle displayed by General Dynamics Land Systems at the AUSA 2009 exhibition shows a radical new design combining a wheeled platform with features commonly associated with of tracked combat vehicles. Photo: Defense Update

The Army wants its next generation combat vehicle to improve force protection, with the first increment of vehicles fielded by 2017 to provide explosive blast protection equivalent to Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) to all occupants, and offer 360º observation from the inside of the vehicle. All increments are expected to integrate advanced passive and active armor, as technology matures and lighter materials are available. The vehicle will provide full tactical mobility in rough terrain and confined urban landscapes. The first variant will be the Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV), to be designed to maintain the maneuverability of the Bradley, while surpassing the protection level provided by the current tracked vehicle.

This vehicle will be able of transport soldiers into battle, provide armored protected mobility and fire support, by lethal and non-lethal capabilities. The IFV will also support the unit by providing essential networking connectivity, battle-command and logistical support (power, supplies) and logistics for mounted and dismounted operations. The GCV IFV will replace 6,300 M-113 family of vehicles beginning in 2017. Possible variants could emerge, replacing current M-113 based vehicles including command and control, medical evacuation and mortar carriers. The Army could consider a mix of platforms for these roles, including upgraded Bradley and Stryker vehicles.

Bradley_Mortar_Vehicle — The Army could consider a mix of platforms for these roles, including upgraded Bradley and Stryker vehicles. Photo showing a planned mortar carrying version of the Bradley M-2 chassis. Photo: BAE Systems. Below : a technology demonstration platform based on a beefed-up stryker, designed for armed scout missions (Photo: Defense Update).

According to the U.S. Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Peter W. Chiarelli, the Ground Combat Vehicle modernization program will focus on three basic components:

Brigade Combat Team Capability modernization
Network Capability Sets
Vehicle Strategy

The U.S. Army is planning on developing and fielding, in an incremental approach, a class of ground combat vehicles that will be integrated into the Army’s Brigade Combat Teams (BCT). The new Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) will replace the recently cancelled ‘Manned Ground Vehicle’ element of the Future Combat Systems program, introducing highly survivable, lethal and supportable ground combat vehicles.

Vehicle Strategy

The new vehicle platforms will introduce, over time, several variants to the BCT in an incremental acquisition approach starting with a lead vehicle development effort. These new combat vehicles are expected to achieve highly challenging interoperability between the crew and the platform as well as within the formation, maintain high survivability, lethality and mobility in different operational environments, and meet high supportability, availability, affordability and transportability objectives facilitated by contemporary and proven technology.

The Army expects these vehicles to integrate and provide the crew real time network capabilities. It will be designed to operate across a wide spectrum of operations, and as such, will maintain, besides its main and secondary armament – non-lethal effects and capabilities. It will have embedded training capabilities to be fielded as an integral part of the combat vehicle.

Based on the Army’s experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan, mobility was raised to the top as the key operational design criteria. The vehicle’s design will focus on sustainability more than we ever have done in procuring an Army major weapons system.

Defining the Network Strategy

‘Network Capability Set’ is another facet of the new combat vehicle. According to Gen. Chiarelli, the network of the new vehicle family will be ‘open with plug-and-play capability to accommodate current and future protocols’. The new network is required to be affordable and upgradable over its lifespan; “We will combine a network and radio strategy in affordable increments” Chiarelli said, adding that network improvements will become an integral part of every block upgrade of the vehicle.

The Army is seeking an effective way to expand networking capabilities, after the experiencing an exponential growth of networking demand in recent operations. Gen. Chiarelli indicated that the the capacity of the network has grown from 50 megabits to more than six gigabits per second over the course of the current war, an exponential increase of 121 times. “The Army’s goal is to build a single network employing a common set of operating procedures and supporting a common operating environment, and extended to support joint forces operations. The network should be capable to support current and future systems.” Gen. Chiarelli concluded.

Industry Day

The U.S. Army will conduct the formal briefing to industry outlining the Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) Program, during an industry day planned for October 16, 2009 in Dearborn, Michigan. The event will provide interested industries an opportunity to familiarize with the vehicle requirement, proposal requirements and discuss potential synergies among potential program participants. (more details)

BAE Systems to Modernize the Paladin SP Howitzer

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Oct 14, 2009

paladin_pim — M-109A6 Paladin Integrated Management Program (PIM). Photo: BAE Systems

BAE Systems displayed a prototype of the product improved Paladin self propelled 155mm howitzer being developed under a U.S. Army contract. The company is working on five prototype M109A6 Paladin Integrated Management (PIM) self-propelled howitzer vehicles and two prototype M992A2 Field Artillery Ammunition Support Vehicles (FAASV) under a $63.9 million Army contract.

The PIM is designed to sustain the Paladin as the Army’s fire support system for the Heavy Brigade Combat Team (HBCT) beyond the year 2050. PIM retains the M109A6 main armament and cab structure while replacing outmoded chassis components with up-to-date components from the Bradley Combat Systems to increase sustainability and commonality across the HBCTs. The vehicle will incorporate a “digital backbone” network and significantly enhanced power generation capability. PIM also integrates electric elevation and traverse drives, electric rammer and a digital fire control system. The M992A2 FAASV provides armor protected ammunition delivery for the M109A6 Paladin. At the AUSA exhibition, BAE systems displayed the PIM with two new enhancements – the Common Modular Power System (CMPS) and Continuous Band Antenna (CBA), reducing the numbers of antennae installed on the turret.

Extending Intelligence to the Edge

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Oct 14, 2009

tigr_screenshot — Screenshot from DARPA’s TIGR (Tactical Ground Reporting) System. This map-based reporting system enables soldiers at the patrol level to collect and share information improving situational awareness and facilitating collaboration and information analysis prior to a mission or at the post mission debrief. DARPA Image

After the successful fielding of the Command Post of the Future (CPOF) with brigades and battalions, formally integrated into the Army Battle Command System (ABCS) DARPA aims lower, at the platoon level and below, providing warfighters with internet-style tools for mission planning, post mission debriefing and situational understanding.

Handling the masses of data and imagery streaming from the field, new tools are being fielded to assist battalions, companies and platoons to obtain, process and exploit intelligence and operationally relevant information. Such systems streamline, automate, and simplify tasks undertaken by ordinary soldiers and officers, transforming every staff member and Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) to an expert. One such application, developed under the DARPA Tactical Ground Reporting System (TIGR) program is designed to automate intelligence collection and reporting at the company and platoon.

TIGR is a map-based reporting system enabling users to store and retrieve voice recordings, digital photos, GPS tracks. By the user defining the area of interest, the TIGR pulls all relevant data available in local and remote servers linked to the system – much like a search on the internet, cross-referencing between Google Earth and Wikipedia. TIGR retrieves event reports, intelligence vignettes, images, patrol debriefs etc. It also assists filing of reports in and after a patrol, by associating each element with its geographic location. As a networked system, TIGR accesses many servers over the military global information grid, enabling users to receive information from multiple sources, and understand the context of local events within the ‘big picture’.

The system is designed primarily for counterinsurgency operations, enabling collection and dissemination of fine-grained intelligence on people, places, insurgent activity and understanding the ‘human terrain’. Another advantage of the system is TIGR is tracking dynamic changes of terrain with the system – as the data used by the system is dynamically updated, showing new structures being constructed, destroyed bridges or obstacles that appeared overnight. TIGR manages this dynamic tactical landscape using before/after photos and updated imagery to provide an up-to-date view of the battlespace.

France UK Officially Launch Lightweight Anti-Ship Missile Program

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Oct 14, 2009

The French and British Ministries of Defense have embarked on the Eur. 50 million (GBP 35 Mil.) investment to be shared between both nations over the next 24 month initial assessment phase. This is the first step in the development of an advanced, lightweight helicopter-launched anti-ship missile to replace the British Navy‘s Sea Skua. Developed under an Anglo-French ‘Complex weapons’ program, the new weapon will be designed to meet the French requirement for a lightweight anti-ship missile known as ‘Anti-Navire Léger’ (ANL) and the UK’s Future Anti-Surface Guided Weapon (FASGW). The development is part of the multi-year, multi-system Team Complex Weapons (WCA) contract awarded last year to MBDA by the UK MoD on behalf of both countries.

This new missile will be operated for offensive and defensive naval missions, primarily against surface targets with a displacement of less than 500 tons, such as fast craft and patrol boats. The missile will be integrated with the naval versions of the NH-90 helicopter, as well as light helicopters such as the French Navy‘s Panther and the Lynx Wildcat operated by the Royal Navy.

Raytheon Company has been awarded a first Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP) contract worth $93 million, to produce Standard-Missile 6 for the U.S. Navy. The company will deliver the first production missiles to the Navy by early 2011.
SM-6 began development in 2004 and is designed to meet the U.S. Navy’s requirement for an extended-range ‘over the horizon’ anti-air warfare (AAW) missile. The system will provide a defensive capability against fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and anti-ship cruise missiles. The missile employs the Standard Missile family’s kinematics, while enhancing signal processing, guidance and control capabilities and offering active and semi-active operating modes and advanced fuzing techniques.

China Marches 108 Missiles to Demonstrate its Strategic Might

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Oct 1, 2009

New missiles were demonstrated today at a military parade, part of the celebrations of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Among the missiles demonstrated at the parade were several intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), such as the road-mobile Dong Feng 31 (DF-31A) modified to carry three multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRV). The Chinese are also working on a larger ICBM – known as DF-41 carrying 10 MIRVs over a distance of 11,000-13,000.

Another new missile on display for the first time is the Dong Hai 10 (DH-10), a long-range land-attack cruise missile (LACM) capable of attacking targets at a range exceeding 1,500 km. DH-10 is launched from a land-mobile platform deploying three missiles. The missile is believed to be a reversed engineered Russian Kh-55 Raduga cruise missile; six such missiles were procured by from Ukraine by China in the 1990s. China is believed to have produced more than 200 DH-10 cruise missiles.

Other missiles on parade include upgraded versions of the DF-15, provided with stabilizer fins attached below the warhead section hinting to possible modifications of the warhead itself (such as augmenting penetration capability); the medium range DF-21C medium range missile was also on display, with a new engine, the missile is setting the basis for China’s future naval based anti-ship ballistic missiles, which could target U.S. carrier forces in the future.

DF-31A intercontinental ballistic missile carrying three independent warheads over a distances exceeding 11,000 km.

DongFeng 21C (CSS-5 Mod-3) medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) is the conventional armed version of the CSS-5 missile, first deployed around 2005. Operated by the Second Artillery Corps, this solid rocket propelled missile is enclosed in a container-launcher carried on a transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) 10×10 wheeled vehicle. It has a range of 1,700 km and payload capacity of two tons. The missile can be loaded with a unitary or multiple conventional warheads.DongFeng 31A, (CSS-9 Mod2) – a modernized version of China’s primary strategic missile, the missile is contained in a large cylindrical transporter-erector-launcher (TEL). The missile has a range exceeding 11,000 km. This road transportable missile can deploy to predetermined launch sites throughout the country – by mobilizing these strategic missiles, China believes the missiles have a chance to survive avoid a first strike. The missile uses solid propellant, enabling longer life span and shorter reaction time, compared to the liquid fuel ICBMs.

DF-21C medium range conventionally armed ballistic missile.

DF-15B medium range conventionally armed ballistic missile (also know in the export version M-9)

The DongFeng 15B (M-9; NATO codename: CSS-6) is an improved, solid-fuel, short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) system currently in service with the Chinese Army.

DongFeng 11A (CSS-7) is a road-mobile, single-stage, short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) system developed by CASIC Sanjiang Space Group. The missile is transported on an eight wheeled transporter-erector-launcher (TEL). Developed in the 1980s, the improved variant DongFeng 11A on display at the 2009 parade was fielded with the Chinese army in 1999. This version employs a conventional warhead and has extended range, bridging the gap between artillery rocket system (at ranges up to 100km) and a strategic surface-to-surface missile (beyond 500km).

DF-11A upgraded version of the short range conventionally armed ballistic missile

Dong Hai 10 (DH-10) – The new Land Attack Cruise Missile (LACM) developed in China was first deployed with the Second Artillery Corps cruise missile brigade based at Jianshui, Yunnan Province in southern China.

DF-10 SUrface Launched Cruise Missile - each vehicle carries three missiles in transporter, container-launchers.

China Unveils Amphibious, Airborne Armored Vehicles

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Oct 1, 2009

Type-99 main battle tanks on parade – Beijing, 2009

A total of 56 regiments on the ground and in the air will join the parade. The parade involves more than 8,000 soldiers, 2,000 less than the 1999 parade. They were marching in 14 impressive phalanxes. 30 phalanxes rolled on wheeled vehicles, compared to 25 a decade ago.

Type 03 airborne armored vehicle (ZLC2000)

Marine Corps' Type 05 amphibious armored vehicle on parade.

The formation, combination and equipment of these phalanxes showed the ongoing transformation of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) from labor intensive forces to a technology-intensive one. Reflecting this trend, this year the parade included more weapon systems – over 100 land attack and naval missiles 500 armored vehicles and over 150 aircraft, surface to air and anti-ship missiles, radars and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Fifteen formations of armored vehicles displayed a variety of systems, led by a large formation of Type-99 main battle tanks, China’s newest armored vehicle. They were followed by two versions of the Type-05 amphibious assault and infantry fighting vehicles, making their debut at this parade. Type-03 airborne fighting vehicles and Type-08 wheeled armored vehicles were also on display.

Type 05 infantry fighting vehicle (above) and assault gun (below) on parade at the 60th anniversary parade. Type 05 is also known as ZBD2000 family of tracked armored vehicles, officially unveiled in 2006. These vehicles are designed for amphibious operations and come in three configurations: an armoured fighting vehicle, a command vehicle and an a light tank (assault gun) equipped with 105mm gun, both are deployed with the Peoples’ Liberation Army’s Marine Corps.

Type 08 wheeled armored vehicle on parade Beijing, Oct 1,st, 2009

In recent years the PLA is balancing its armored vehicles fleet with a range of heavy, and medium tracked vehicles as well as 6×6 and 8×8 wheeled vehicles, offering better strategic and rapid power projection. The Type 08, also known as WZ 0001is configured as an infantry fighting vehicle, armed with 35mm automatic cannon. Other vehicles in this family include a self propelled mortar (120mm), self propelled air defense platfor, a recovery vehicle and command vehicle. The WZ 0001family was designed to address PLA requirements as well as for export.

Below: Type 03 airborne armored vehicle is the ZLC2000 built by Norinco. It is armed with a turret tmounting a 30mm cannon with a HJ-73C ATGM rail launcher. The vehicle can be air-dropped by parachute from an IL-76MD transport aircraft. Each IL-76MD can carry three ZLC-2000 vehicles.

Type 05 assault gun on parade at the 60th anniversary parade

All photos: China Ministry of National Defense / Xinhua

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

Our AUSA 2009 highlights include:

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