Radars, Sensors and Interceptor Cooperate to Bring Down Long Range Target Missile

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Dec 9, 2008

Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) demonstrates system-wide integration

The recent GMD intercept performed on December 5th 2008 demonstrated how the different pieces of the U.S. missile defense system could operate together spanning, over distances thousands of miles, cooperatively tracking, identifying, designating and engaging a ballistic missile target flying in space, eliminating it far above the atmosphere.

As the interceptor flew toward the target, it received target data updates from the GMD fire control system, which collected and combined data from four different sensors, the most ever for an intercept test. The sensors were the Aegis Long Range Surveillance and Track system in the Pacific; the AN/TPY-2 radar temporarily located in Juneau, Alaska; the Upgraded Early Warning Radar at Beale Air Force Base, Calif.; and the Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX) in the Pacific. After flying into space, the interceptor released its exo-atmospheric kill vehicle, which tracked, intercepted and destroyed the target warhead. This end-to-end test of the GMD system was the most realistic and comprehensive performed to date.

“Data gathered from multiple sensors gave us a clearer picture of the incoming threat, enabling GMD to achieve the shootdown of a complex target,” said Greg Hyslop, Boeing vice president and GMD program director. “Integrating sensors separated by thousands of miles is a major engineering challenge, but we overcame this challenge by working together as a team.”

The intercept of the simulated ballistic missile target demonstrated the maturity of currently established Ground-based Mid-Course Defense system. The network supporting the intercept comprised sensors, located over several continents. First to detect the threat was Defense Satellite Program (DSP), which spotted the launch. As the missile began its ascent, the Raytheon AN/TPY-2 X-Band long-range Radar stepped in. It acquired the target shortly after lift-off. Operating in forward-based mode from Juneau, Alaska, the radar continuously tracked the target throughout the engagement. The Air Forces’ Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR) located at Beale Air Force Base, Calif., also tracked the target during its flight downrange.

Another sea based X-Band (SBX) Radar also participated in the test by tracking, discriminating and assessing the target. This radar is currently deployed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Hawaii. Its final deployment is scheduled in the waters off of Adak Island, Alaska, optimizing the coverage of the northern hemisphere, tracking ballistic trajectories originating from North Korea. The agency has already deployed X-Band radar in Shariki, Japan while other locations are being established in Israel and the Czech Republic, tracking potential threats originating from central and western Asia.

The Agency’s Track Interceptor, the Sea Based X-band radar (SBX) did the final tracking and was the primary sensor for the interceptor, to position itself for the intercept. It was the first intercept test in which data from SBX was combined with data from the other sensors to provide tracking-data and guidance aimpoint updates to the interceptor.

“This test confirms all three radars’ ability to provide integrated information to the BMDS in support of an intercept.” said Pete Franklin, vice president, National and Theater Security Programs for Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems. All radars employed by the system were designed by Raytheon. The Battle Management Command and Control in Colorado Springs at Shriver Air Force Base managed the integration and intercept of this test as it would do against a real missile threat from North Korea.

Additional part of the article: Missile Intercept Test Culminates a Successful Year for Missile Defense:

GBD Ground Based Mid-course Defense Scores a Direct Hit
Airborne Laser Tested at Edwards
Radars, Sensors and Interceptor Cooperate to Bring Down Long Range Target Missile
Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicles Tested for Missile Interceptor Upgrade

Airborne Laser Tested at Edwards

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admin

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Dec 9, 2008

Laser Packed 747 Prepares for Firing Demonstration

The Boeing Company [NYSE: BA], industry teammates and the U.S.Missile Defense Agency have begun Airborne Laser (ABL) flight tests with the entire weapon system integrated aboard the ABL aircraft. On April 21, 2009 the team completed the functional check flight April 21 from Edwards Air Force Base with the beam control/fire control system and the high-energy laser onboard, confirming the aircraft is airworthy, ready for more airborne tests and on track for its missile-intercept demonstration this year.

In December 2008 the entire Airborne Laser (ABL) weapon system was tested on the ground, abroad the specially configured ABL Boeing 747-400F platform. During the test at Edwards Air Force Base, the laser beam traveled through the beam control / fire control system before exiting the aircraft through the nose-mounted turret. The beam control / fire control system steered and focused the beam onto a simulated ballistic missile target.

Since 2005 the program performed extensive testing series at Edwards AFB, including the demonstration of lethal levels of duration and power, in 2005; target tracking and measurements required for compensation for atmospheric conditions, and the delivery of a surrogate high-energy laser’s simulated lethal beam on the target. By September 2008 the program performed the first firing of a high-energy laser in flight, measured on board as the laser was fired into a calorimeter abroad the aircraft.

Boeing is the prime contractor for the ABL program. Northrop Grumman delivered the chemical laser on board, with Lockheed Martin providing the beam control and fire control system. Boeing designed the battle management system for ABL.

Additional part of the article: Missile Intercept Test Culminates a Successful Year for Missile Defense:

GBD Ground Based Mid-course Defense Scores a Direct Hit
Airborne Laser Tested at Edwards
Radars, Sensors and Interceptor Cooperate to Bring Down Long Range Target Missile
Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicles Tested for Missile Interceptor Upgrade

GBD Ground Based Mid-course Defense Scores a Direct Hit

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admin

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Dec 9, 2008

Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) demonstrates system-wide integration, progress with Exo-Atmospheric, Multiple Kill Vehicle and airborne laser

Recent testing activities conducted by the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA) culminated a busy year that marked substantial progress in the development of credible U.S. missile protection, both for tactical and strategic applications.

Among the latest technologies being demonstrated by the program were advanced stages of the high power airborne laser and exo-atmospheric multiple kill vehicle and, a full demonstration of the currently operational capabilities – the sea based AEGIS system and Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD). The most recent test was performed December 5, 2008 demonstrating the entire system, including interceptors, sensor and battle management.

This test represented a North Korean long range missile targeting the Northwest region of the United States. The test vehicle was a target missile replicating an enemy missile while the interceptors used existing missile defense systems that are currently deployed and operational today. For the sensors, the battle management, interceptor to the soldiers, manning the consoles that tracked, discriminated and terminated, the target was the same. In addition, two ballistic missile intercept capable U.S.Aegis ship were involved, as they would be stationed, in the Sea of Japan in case of a North Korean missile attack. This was the first time the Defense Missile Agency has synchronized its network of varied sensor types and frequencies to successfully track, report and intercept a single target.

The intercept was performed by the Alaska based 49th Missile Defense Battalion, 100th missile defense brigade, based at Fort Greely, with Battle Management Command and Control performed centrally at Colorado Springs at Shriver Air Force Base where management and integration of the intercept would be performed, in realistic scenarios. The test combined an early warning radar system south of Sacramento, Calif., a mobile radar system temporarily posted in Juneau, Alaska, with two AEGIS ballistic missile defense ships, off the Pacific coast and a sea-based radar system.

“The core of our missile defense system is the fact that we can operate in layers and have multiple systems working together,” explained Army Lt. Gen. Patrick J. O’Reilly, “The key to our protection and the effectiveness of the systems is to have all of these different sensors simultaneously tracking, and the system [knowing] exactly that it’s not multiple objects, it’s one object up there. What we showed today, is all those sensors working together,” he said. “At any one time, the system knew which sensor was reporting … and tracking it and it gave the warfighter a presentation of the target. It is the first time we have ever done that in an actual test and with our soldiers [and sailors and airmen] operating it.”

The scenario was planned to be even more challenging, with the target-missile deploying multiple decoys, further complicating target-tracking and identification. Countermeasures could include the missile deploying chaff, decoys or replicas. While the system is designed to overcome such challenge, in this case, the target missile failed to deploy the decoys, thus leaving the demonstration of decoy and counter-countermeasures to future tests.

“Countermeasures are very difficult to deploy,” O’Reilly said. “We have had trouble deploying them in the past.” Even though countermeasures didn’t deploy, the upper stage of the mock enemy missile was still in the area. “The interceptor saw two objects and had to understand the data sent from the sensors to discern which object to hit”, O’Reilly said.

The following video prepared by Northrp Grumman outlines some of the technologies employed for ballistic missile defense in a fictitious scenario. (although the systems shown are not the ones used with GMD system):

Additional part of the article: Missile Intercept Test Culminates a Successful Year for Missile Defense:

GBD Ground Based Mid-course Defense Scores a Direct Hit
Airborne Laser Tested at Edwards
Radars, Sensors and Interceptor Cooperate to Bring Down Long Range Target Missile
Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicles Tested for Missile Interceptor Upgrade

Sky Warrior ERMP UAV System

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Dec 5, 2008

Developer & Producer: General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI)

In August 2005 General Atomics Aeronautical Systems won a US Army contract to develop an unmanned vehicle for the US Army Extended Range Multi-Purpose (ERMP) UAV system. GA-ASI led ‘Team Warrior’ included AAI Corporation (ground control equipment) and SPARTA Inc (logistics support services). The Sky Warrior is a variant of the Predator UAV powered by a Thielert Centurion Heavy Fuel Engine (HFE). This engine consumes the same fuel used by aircraft and helicopters, thus simplifying logistical support. In the recent conflict in Iraqi, logistical issues were the primary cause for unavailability of UAVs). The Centurion engine allows to fly over 25,000ft (7,600+ meters) while providing increased horsepower, improved fuel consumption, reduced maintenance costs and increased service life.

The Sky Warrior carries multiple payloads and have wing hardpoints for carriage of external stores including expendable sensors and weapons. Up to four Hellfire / Viper-Strike weapons could be carried. Unlike the US Air Force Predator, Army Sky Warriors will be configured to fly autonomously. The system will utilize the ‘One Station’, the US Army standard STANAG 4586 compatible UAV GCS also used for the control of the RQ-7B Shadow, MQ-5B Hunter and future combat system’s Vertical take-off and Landing UAV (FireScout VTUAV). The use of a common ground station offers better utilization of available assets and manpower skills. The same GCS is scheduled to fly with the US Marine Corps Pioneer tactical vehicles in early 2006.

The US Army plans to field up to 132 Sky Warrior UAVs with 11 divisions, the first unit to be equipped is the 82nd combat aviation brigade based in Afghanistan. Each of the 11 units will include five ground stations and up to 12 aerial vehicles. GA ASI is currently contracted to deliver 17 aicraft and 7 ground stations.

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The Sky Warrior will be operating in Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) and command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I) system. The new UAV will operate at ranges of 200 nautical miles and an altitude of 29,000 feet, carry an internal payload of 575 lbs (261 kg)and additional external payload of 500 lbs (227 kg), able to remain in position for over 30 hours. The US Army is planning to field an advanced UAV which will assume some of the roles currently performed by the Air Force’s Predator.

Based on the familiar Predator A platform, Sky Warrior is equipped with advanced triple-redundant avionics derived from the latest Predator B. Improved avionics also include Tactical Common Data-Link (TCDL) supporting over the horizon (SATCOM) and line of sight links data relay and redundant, automatic take-off and landing system.

The UAV uses an MTS class multi-system E/O payload for day and night observation, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) capability to spot moving targets. Currently, these UAVs are using the Lynx system but the objective sensor is the Tactical reconnaissance and Counter-Concealment Enabler Radar (TRACER) being developed by Lockheed Martin. This radar will introduce all weather, through foliage and underground target monitoring and detection over a wide area. Apart from intelligence gathering missions, Sky Warrior will provide an airborne communications node, providing essential radio and data relay for the Warfighter Information Network – Tactical (WIN-T) battlefield network. JTRS radios to be included in the system’s standard equipment package will enable the Sky Warrior to provide communications relay to EPLRS or SINCGARS networks to support forward and isolated units located ahead of the main forces, out of ground communications reach. This service will be critical to support “blue force tracking” – a service which monitors locations and status of friendly forces. By operating as “pseudo satellite”, Sky Warrior will be able to carry out such mission without affecting its primary reconnaissance and intelligence gathering role.

October 2007: The 82nd Air Combat Brigade at Bagram air base received the first Sky warrior UAV deployed to Afghanistan. To date three Sky Warrior ‘block 0’ aircraft were produced.

Sky Warrior is currently operated by the US Army.

Future rapid Effects Systems – FRES

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Dec 1, 2008

Following disagreement about the ownership of the Piranha V design, between the UK MOD and General Dynamics UK, which was selected to supply the FRES-UV program, this phase of the FRES program was postponed to an indefined date.

The overall program was one of the most ambitious British Armor programs in recent years. The total fleet of Future Rapid Effect Systems (FRES) included about 3,775 vehicles ultimatley replacing many aging vehicles currently in service. While FRES wais expected to be operational by 2012, phasing-out of current models such as CVR(T), FV 430 family APCs and the Saxon is not expected before 2020. FRES is the largest ever British Army program with an acquisition value of around £16 billion, and through life costs of £60 billion.

FRES the most significant armored vehicle project for the British Army for the next decade. Comprised of a family of medium-weight, armored fighting vehicles, FRES will fulfill a wide range of roles. FRES will be an integral part of an interoperable network enabled concept currently developed for the British Army and NATO and coalition forces in general. The specific selection of FRES derivative is yet to be determined, after the conclusion of the FRES assessment phase.

At present, FRES system house Atkins contracted several risk-reduction technology demonstration contracts, concluded by 2007, in time for the “Main Gate” evaluation of the system’s design, costs, and risks. As part of this process, General Dynamics demonstrated its Advanced Hybrid Electric Demonstrator vehicle (AHED) for future consideration of such technology for FRES applications. BAE Systems Hagglunds submited an 8×8 version of its SEP vehicle for similar testing. Two additional Technology Demonstration Programs (TDP) contracts were awarded to Lockheed Martin and Thales, for the technology demonstration of the future vehicle’s electronic architecture. Other risk reduction programs are underway with Dstl, for Capacity and Stowage design and with Akers Krutbruk of Sweden, for the evaluation of Hard Kill Defensive Aids Suites (HKDAS).

Other TDPs will is also focus on the survivability issues including a demonstration of the vehicle’s integrated survivability suite, which will include, apart from HKDAS, an Electric-Armor concept and collective, regenerative CBRN system.

Currently, the program focus on early deployment of FRES in the ‘Utility Version’, an 8×8 wheeled vehicle to be used for a variety of combat and combat support roles. Three vehicles are currently considered – all of them foreign made – The German/Dutch Boxer, the French VBCI and Swiss made Piranha V.

An advanced Electronic Architecture (EA) is being developed for FRES vehicles will be key to their future integration into the network enabled combat forces. Different concepts were evaluated, considering future network enabled communications integration and enhancement of Command and Control, Communications and Intelligence (C4I) capabilities. EA will feature situational awareness at the platform and unit level, target acquisition and precision engagement, survivability and mobility. Any future EA will certainly integrate the Bowman communications system and be interoperable with existing systems, for combat, combat support and combat service support systems communications. In October 2007 Thales UK and Boeing (through its Boeing Defence UK subsidiary) were selected to lead the FRES System of Systems Integration (SOSI). The competing Lockheed Martin led team included Smiths, SciSys and Ultra Electronics. Thales’ team included BAE Systems, as a strategic partner, and QuinetiQ.

EA will be based on an open architecture, compliant with current and emerging MoD Standards including the Bowman Combat Infrastructure (CIP) and the Platform – Battlefield Information Systems Application (BCIP) program. A sophisticated Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) will be a key element to reduce the logistical footprint, increase availability and ensure that the whole life cost for the FRES system is tightly controlled. Other studies will address commonality and scalability across FRES roles, mission-specific reconfiguration, and through-life growth by incremental acquisition.

As part of the Chassis Concept Technology Demonstrator Program (CC TDP), Atkins contracted General Dynamics to demonstrate the readiness of electric drive technology, enabling better understanding of the challenges of integrating potential electronic architecture solutions onto future FRES vehicle chassis. Under the 18-month FRES CC TDP program, GD will demonstrate its in-hub electric-drive and its ability to meet the FRES platform requirements, as well as the integration of the Electronic Architecture (EA) into the chassis. AHED was originally designed as a 16 ton chassis but through the development program it is expected to grow up to 20 ton, to fit the entire range of FRES derivatives. AHED has advanced through several test phases in recent years, accumulating over 4,200 km of road and cross-country testing. By the end of the FRES evaluation phase, AHED is expected to log over 12,000 km. AHED’s interchangeable modular in-hub electric drive, and hybrid power architecture are promising to reduce logistics footprint and whole life cost of ownership associated with unique components, large repair part inventory and training for both operators and maintenance personnel.

Jihadi Terror Attacks hit Mumbai

By

David Eshel

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Nov 30, 2008

Welcome to the age of “Urban Mega Jihad”!

The Mumbai attack shows a quantum leap in the quality of terrorism, in fact, emerging from the notorious “suicide bombers”, the new urban Islamic terrorist is not much different from a well-trained elite forces commando.

It’s aim, was to create an impressive show of force in the framework of militant fundamentalist Islam’s war against what it views as corrupt Western culture According to Indian born Dr Rohan Gunaratna, an international expert on al-Qaeda, claims that the tactics and methodology of the Mumbai attack is almost certainly in al-Qaeda style, targeting high-profile objectives, which create immediate world-wide media headlines.

An attack of this magnitude cannot be thrown together overnight. It requires planned, scouting, financing, training, and a support by on-site reconnaissance and a locally established network to aid the fighters on site during the attack.

Reports indicate at least two of the assault teams arrived from outside the city by sea. US counterterrorism officials mentioned that there was strong evidence that Lashkar-e-Taiba had a “maritime capability”. Although a little-known group calling itself the “Deccan Mujahideen”, originating in Hyderabad, a mainly Muslim southern Indian city, has been mentioned, it seems quite certain that the multi-headed hydra of Islamic extremist cells, supported by the hardliners at the Pakistani intelligence service and based in Pakistan and Kashmir, are among the perpetrators. In fact, Deccan Mujahideen may be a front for the Islamic terrorist organization Lashkar a-Taiba (“army of believers”), established in 1989 by the Pakistani Inter-services Intelligence (ISI) itself.

According to US intelligence officials, the hardline ISI has had an indirect but longstanding relationship with Al Qaeda, turning a blind eye for years to the growing ties between Osama bin Laden and the Taliban. It was heavily penetrated by Islamic extremist groups, such as Al Qaeda and Taliban, to mention just a few. According to well informed intelligence sources, no one really knows who is who in his allegiance: to the Pakistani national flag or the Islamic Jihad banner!

As usual, whenever an Islamic terror attack is involved, in recent years, one is immediately searching for an Israeli, or at least, Jewish angle. So whether Lashkar or other Islamic groups are involved, it is quite obvious that these terrorists knew who they were targeting in Mumbai.

Nariman House in Colaba is the Mumbai headquarters of the ultra-orthodox Chabad-Lubavitch movement of Hasidic Jews, centered in Crown Heights Brooklyn NY. It is widely known around Mumbai City for its Jewish and Israeli activities.

So assuming the attackers were indeed Islamic terrorists, Israelis were a deliberate and even prime target and certainly not a chance encounter, as some reports indicated.

The well known Mumbai’s Chabad House is a popular stop for Israeli tourists, especially youngsters, who seek adventures after their military service. By attacking Nariman house, the Jihadists achieved immediate results for their highly ambitious attack: It sent shock waves through the worldwide Chabad community, reverberating all over media headlines, just as they intended. The group set up a crisis center at its world headquarters in Brooklyn, establishing contact with all their agencies over the world.

High profile Islamic terror attacks were also in the past directed against Israeli and Jewish targets. To mention just a few of the more dramatic ones, In July 1994 Hezbollah, supported by Iran, bombed the Jewish Center in downtown Buenos Aires, Argentina, killing 96 people, mostly Jews. In November 2002 fifteen people were murdered by al-Qaeda terrorists in a Mombassa hotel frequented by many Israelis. The terrorists also attempted to shoot down an Israeli airliner with shoulder fired rockets, but fortunately failed to hit it.

It is too early to draw any conclusions on the Mumbai attack, but a highly explosive situation can develop if not calmed in time before it gets out of control. If the Indians believe this was indeed Lashkar-e-Taiba and Al Qaeda, as they are suggesting, we could see a crisis developing fast, like 2002 with enormous pressure to do something. There are already first mass demonstrations in Mumbai’s streets, which could escalate into larger anti-government riots all over the entire country.

Although the new president of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari, has gone further than any previous Pakistani leader in saying they want to improve relations with India, Indian prime minister, Manmohan Singh, who in the past has been relatively moderate in his approach to Pakistan, sounded a harsh tone, when he mentioned without being specific Pakistani involvement. He said the attacks probably had “external linkages,” and were carried out by a group “based outside the country.

One should only be reminded of the attack on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi in December 2001, which India blamed on a jihadist group, Jaish-e-Muhammad, but accused Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence having backed the operation. For the next year the two nuclear armed neighbors remained on the brink of war with forces massed along their 1,800-mile border.

On a wider scope, the reconciliation between India and Pakistan has emerged as a basic tenet in the approaches to foreign policy of President-elect Barack Obama strategy. The point is to persuade Pakistan to focus less of its military effort on India, and more on the militants in its lawless tribal regions.

But whether Pakistan’s intelligence service which has waged decades of proxy war against India, using Islamic terror groups as front, will agree to such reconciliation process remains highly questionable. According to secret intelligence reports, the post- Musharraf ISI under its new chief General Ahmad Shuja Pasha is still deeply penetrated by Islamic Jihad loyalists and one can hardly expect these officers, who keep a very low and highly compartmental profile, to accept such a change of heart in their deep-seated ideology.

One thing is certain, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and, for that matter, the entire South East Asian region is on the verge becoming one of the most dangerous places on earth in the near future. To keep that region from pitting nukes at each other, will perhaps be Barack Obama’s first m major global challenge. Will America’s new, untested world leader wield sufficient power to deal with such an already simmering tinderbox?

To get a glimpse at the happenings in downtown Mumbai link to a chilling coverage at wikipedia

Sky-Y / Molynx MALE UAV

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Nov 28, 2008

Sky Y is designed as a sub-sized MALE platform. With a wingspan of 9.9 meters, and length of 9.7 meters, the platform has a takeoff weight of 1200 kg (empty weight is about 850 kg). It will carry a mission payload of 150 kg and 200 kg of fuel. Total power available on board will be 200 hp. Sky Y will have a cruising altitude of 25,000 ft and mission endurance of 14 hours on missions ranging 500 nautical miles at cruising speed of 140 knots.

The new demonstrator will test new platform fabrication techniques, verifying airworthiness of structures made completely with carbon-fibre materials and the testing of the diesel propulsion systems, derived from ‘green’ automotive diesels. The aircraft will also test several systems developed within the Finmeccanica group, including new flight control systems developed by Alenia’s subsidiary Quadrics, surveillance payloads and missions equipment for land surveillance and data-links from Selex Communications and electro-optical payloads from Galileo Avionica.

These technologies are targeted for use with Alenia’s future MALE platform known as the dual-engine Molynx MALE UAV. Molynx, a new air vehicle under development at Alenia Aeronautica, is designed specifically for land surveillance and civil protection roles. Another MALE platform, also under development at Alenia, is aimed at military applications.

InSitu, Boeing Introduce New ScanEagle Derivatives

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Nov 28, 2008

Boeing, in cooperation with InSitu, the developer of the ScanEagle Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is developing several derivatives of the basic ScanEagle design, to match specific missions and applications. Two variants unveiled by Boeing at AUVSI 07 were an airborne sensor designed to detect biological hazards and an air-insertable UAV, both based on derivatives of the ScanEagle system. in late 2009 Boeing was awarded a U.S. Navy contract to study the use of a ‘magnetically quiet’ UAV that could be used for tracking submarines.

The standard ScanEagle is operating on Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance missions, supporting US and Australian forces. It is operated by Boeing under outsourcing contracts awarded by the US Marine Corps and Australian government. In those missions these UAVs have accumulated over 50,000 hours of operational experience operating primarily in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Using the basic ScanEagle aerial vehicle design, Boeing designed a biological combat assessment system (BCAS), to meet requirements defined by the Defense Threat Reduction. Such system will be able to collecting data on biological hazards, to identify and assess hostile threats. The system will employ new technologies to monitor sites suspected of containing weapons of mass destructions targets. When such targets are attacked by friendly forces, the BCAS will attempt to locate, track and collect biological warfare agents released into the air during air strikes. The BCAS system will integrate both ISR and Biological Collection and Detection (BC) versions of ScanEagle. The ISR vehicle will use electro-optical and infrared cameras to observe a strike and resultant plume. This data will be used to create a predictive dispersal model, guiding the BC aircraft to collect samples from the plume of airborne agents. Each BC ScanEagle will mount five modular cartridges and four ‘pass through’ particle collectors, enabling multiple measurements. It will also have a plume sensor to monitor the relevant target. Controlled via satellite link the two UAVs will be able to reach targets over a distance of 250 nautical miles, loiter over the area for 60 minutes.

ScanEagle Compressed Carriage’ (SECC)

Another derivative of the ScanEagle, currently pursued by Boeing is the ‘ScanEagle Compressed Carriage’ (SECC) design. Using air durfaces and fuselage derived from the dominator program and avionics, payloads and controls of the ScanEagle, this vehicle is planned for air insertion or launch from submarines. In air insertion, the vehicle is extracted from the aircraft by a parachute. As the parachute decelerates it to the required altitude and speed, SECC will separate from the parachute, deploy its wings and start the engine to begin the mission. When launched from a submarine, SECC will use a sealed sub-scale container to launch from a Trident missile-launch tube. Once airborne, the container will open, starting the vehicle’s deployment sequence.

SECC utilize many elements derived from ‘Dominator‘, another Boeing program developed by Boeing for the US Air Force Research Lab’s (AFRL) area dominance munition technology program. SECC uses folding flight surfaces, along with container-loaded design optimized for internal carriage by cargo aircraft or for external carriage by fighters, using standard weapon’s carriage mounts. These vehicles could also use the ‘wingtip snag’ for airborne recovery by transport aircraft, tilt-rotors

Multiple SECCs will be able to operate in constellations, controlled by a single ground station on long-range ISR missions, extended pursuit of high-priority, time sensitive targets, active and passive information warfare operations and monitoring and surveillance of areas affected by weapons of mass destruction.

Anti-Submarine ScanEagle

Boeing is working on modifying the Compresses Carriage ScanEagle UAV into an aerial sensor capable of tracking submarines. Working under a U.S. Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) contract, Boeing is converting the Scan Eagle’s diesel engine to operate in ‘magnetically silent’ mode, enabling the drone to employ magnetic anomaly detection systems tracking submarines underwater. Boeing considers using the vehicle, configured as the MagEagle Compressed Carriage (MECC) – an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) designed and built to be magnetically quiet, deployed from the manned P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft. When deployed, as part of the Poseidon combat system, MECC would provide additional validation of potential targets, enabling the P-8A to simultaneously conduct both low and high altitude anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and command-and-control intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. Boeing will begin testing the MECC sensor system, vehicle integration and magnetic noise reduction in 2010.

ScanEagle was developed in partnership with Boeing. The system was designed for field operations by land or sea, utilizing the SuperWedge launcher and patented SkyHook retrieval system. The air vehicle has a tubular fuselage, coupled with a large wing (10.2′ wing span) with winglets used as vertical rudders. ScanEagle has an empty weight of 26.5 pounds (12 kg) and maximum takeoff weight of 44 lbs (20 kg). It is designed for cruising speed of 48 kt and operates at a ceiling of 19,500 ft. for missions extending over 20 hours. The UAV uses an inertial stabilized electro-optical turret using visual or infrared cameras. The ScanEagle uses a 1.9 hp two stroke engine running on gasoline. A heavy fuel engine running on JP-5 is in development. This engine will extend mission endurance over 28 hours.

Robotics, UGVs and Remotely controlled systems

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Nov 27, 2008

Only few new robotic platforms were displayed at AUSA 2008, but much progress was reported and displayed with current programs, including the Army’s Future Combat Systems (Micro Aerial Vehicle Class I, Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV), and autonomous guidance system, destined for integration in all FCS manned and unmanned vehicles to support autonomy and teleoperation.

A range of enhancements developed for the Dragon Runner was unveiled by QinetiQ, targeting future US Marine Corps requirements while iRobot introduced the SUGV 300 family, transforming the company’s current product line designed toward the future FCS SUGV. Much progress was made with the MULE, a larger member of the FCS robotic team. MULE is currently undergoing ground and mobility tests and is expected to enter operational evaluation with the FCS evaluation force by next year.

The new range of ‘Dragon Runner’ Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV). was unveiled at AUSA 2008 by QinetiQ North America. These robots represent a modular ground robot system capable of performing a wide range of missions in urban, mountainous or rural environments, from underground and in-house to the handling of improvised explosive device (IEDs).

iRobot introduced the SUGV300 family of robots derived from the latest development of the Pacbot, earlier known as the ‘Future Combat Systems Small UGV (FCS-UGV). Actually, one of teh members of the new family, the SUGV320 is the robot designated for the future FCS mission (SUGV). Other versions are being produced for near term fielding, as part of the first ‘Spinout’ of the FS program. Among these are the SUGV300 designed as a basic reconnaissance lightweight robot and the SUGV310, designed for dismounted EOD missions. The ‘300 is the basic platform, without payloads, weighing only 25 lbs (11.3 kg). All the SUGV300 family robots fit into the soldier’s backpack (MOLLE) or ALICE packs, and are powered by standard BB-2590/U batteries for more than six hours of operation.

Another robotic component of the FCS to be utilized on all manned and unmanned vehicles, is the Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) developed by General Dynamics Robotics Systems. ANS is one of the basic components to be integrated in many Future Combat Systems autonomous and optionally autonomous driven vehicles. The system is currently being integrated and tested. During these tests the ANS team demonstrated that the system has matured enough to be ready for integration into tactical trucks and Stryker combat vehicles.

Another robotic member of the FCS family is the MULE, being developed by Lockheed Martin. The latest version of the ULE was on display at AUSA, demonstrating its new wheels, utilizing springs made of composite materials, instead of inflatable tires. These wheels are less vulnerable to small-arms and fragments hits, and can operate continuously without replacement or maintenance even after suffering severe damage or hits.

A near term alternative to the futuristic MULE was unveiled here by the name ‘Gideon’, by the Israeli company MDT. This armored version of a 6×6 Polaris ATV s modified by MDT Armor to provide a protected logistical support vehicle supporting forward elements. The vehicle cab is protected against small-arms up to 7.62 AP. The vehicle is suitable for carrying heavy or otherwise sensitive load (such as missiles, ammunition or sensitive electronic equipment. On the return trip the vehicle could be configured to carry two wounded soldiers on litters.

Among the new versions of the Pacbot 510, I-Robot displayed an application of the head-aimed remote viewer (HARV) developed by Chatten Associates. By duplicating the operator’s head motions this control mechanism increases the UGV operator’s performance by 300-400% demonstrated in tested conducted under DARA and the Army Research Labs studies. The system comprises of a visor embedded with an OLED display and an electronics and power unit. The system can utilize the vehicle’s existing communications link.

Northrop Grumman displayed the STARLite compact, synthetic aperture radar latest at AUSA 2008. (picture in right) The radar is destined for the Army’s Firescout Class IV UAV. Considered as a complimentary sensor to the U.S. Army Future Combat Systems program, STARLite features an electronically scanned array design providing an optimal balance of operational and cost effectiveness by blending electronic scanning with mechanical array positioning.

The new radar will provide precision ground mapping and indicate moving targets on surveillance and target acquisition missions. Sofar the program focused on the technical issues associated with transition to production, said U.S. Army Lt. Colonel Terrance Howard, product manager for the STARLite program. He confirmed that Northrop Grumman, the prime contractor successfully demonstrated the system during the source selection phase and that the program is on schedule to qualify the system by early 2009. The goal is to deliver 15 units to the warfighter by June 2009. In April 2008 Northrop Grumman was awarded a $47 development contract to manufacture these systems.

In many parts of the world, foliage is one of the most effective concealment resources available to military or terrorist forces. Thales is offering a solution to the problem of detecting and distinguishing threats hiding in a forested or jungle area or along forest paths, behind tree canopies. The Ground Alerter 1 non-line-of-sight UHF ground-based short range radar is designed to improve perimeter and border protection in densely forested terrains terrain. The radar uses a static portable antenna, mounted on a tripod, or a fixed, mast-mounted unit built on a roof. The radar continuously and automatically monitors the covered area, at ranges from 150 to 1,200 meters and will alert the operator of the presence of an intruder with minimal operator intervention and low false-alarm rate. The radar can be integrated with other sensors to complement existing security systems.

SRI’s wall-climbing robots scale vertical surfaces by virtue of electro-adhesion, which involves inducing electrostatic charges on a wall substrate. Since 2007 SRI developed several proof of principle robots, under a DARPA funded program.

Another new on display at AUSA 2008 was QuickMeds (picture below) – a precision delivery system designed for emergency situations where traditional supply methods might place additional soldiers at risk. Under the US Army Aviation & Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) Quick-MEDS program Dynetics is developing a multi-purpose GPS/INS based guided delivery system. The current design is sized for tactical UAS with 20 lbs total weight per pod (10 lbs payload). The QM payload is scalable and in phase 2 design is compatible with standard 14″ lug mechanisms for deployment from larger aircraft (both manned and unmanned). During the guided drops performed sofar Quick-MEDS successfully demonstrated effective guidance and control guiding the payload within 2 meters from its designated target and a total system error of less than 10 meters throughout the tests.

Other articles covering robotic systems at AUSA 2008 include:

Autonomous Navigation System

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Nov 27, 2008

ans — The Autonomous Navigation System developed for the FCS vehicular platforms by General Dynamics

Turning Combat Vehicles into Autonomous Mobile Platforms

General Dynamics Robotics Systems’ Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) is one of the basic components to be integrated in many Future Combat Systems autonomous and optionally autonomous driven vehicles. The system is currently being integrated and tested. During these tests the ANS team demonstrated that the system has matured enough to be ready for integration into tactical trucks and Stryker combat vehicles.

ans — The Autonomous Navigation System developed for the FCS vehicular platforms by General Dynamics

This new technology will enhance the mobility and combat effectiveness of future manned and unmanned vehicles, providing better situational awareness and survivability. For the manned vehicles, ANS will provide an additional sensor enabling the crew to exercise multiple levels of control over combat and logistics vehicles, from remote tele-operation to full autonomy.

The ANS is an intelligent system integrates a number of sensors providing 360 degrees coverage, imaging and data processing tools, collision avoidance capabilities, path planning, situational awareness and leader/follower technologies. The systems command and control features improve communications and cooperation with other units, reducing the workload in managing complex task such as convoy and movement of tactical formations. Eventually, the system will enable the deployment of entirely unmanned elements of convoys, requiring fewer troops, enabling crew rest and support longer duration missions with larger payloads.

Wall Crawling Robot to Traverse Walls, Snooping Through Windows

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Nov 27, 2008

SRI Engineers demonstrate electro-adhesive crawling
propulsion that lifts up to 75 pounds over verical walls

SRI’s wall-climbing robots scale vertical surfaces by virtue of electro-adhesion, which involves inducing electrostatic charges on a wall substrate. Since 2007 SRI developed several proof of principle robots, under a DARPA funded program.

These robots demonstrated robust clamping to common building materials including glass, wood, metal and concrete, with clamping pressure in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 N/Cm2 of clamp (0.8 to 2.3 pounds per Square inch).

According to Harsha Prahlad, Senior Research Engineer at SRI’s robotics group, robots developed under the program vary in weight, from small platforms weighing few pounds, as demonstrated at the exposition to heavier robots weighing up to 75 pounds.

Examples for potential military applications for such technology include reconnaissance of buildings and autonomous self-deployment of communications repeaters and network nodes, operated in urban environment.

Lethal Presence – Remotely Controlled Sentries Assume Guard Roles

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Nov 27, 2008

While the US Army and Marine Corps have ordered the CROWS and CROWS II remote weapon stations for their armored fighting vehicles, patrol vehicles such as the MRAP and HMMWVs are commonly equipped with much heavier, tall and more vulnerable Gunner Protection Kit (GPK). While common with US forces, GPK hasn’t become popular with other NATO armies, where RWS systems are favored. Most European armies are adopting versions of the RWS Protector made by Kongsberg Defense or the Samson, designed by Rafael and produced locally by several European manufacturers.

Palletized Weapon Station
Remotely operated weapons (seen on the picture at right) are becoming popular not only on vehicular platforms, but in stationary positions, where they are used as integrated sentries, offering both observation and target engagement by direct fire. One such example is the Super Sanger, supporting British forces in Afghanistan.

A modular concept of Remotely Operated Weapon was introduced by ATK at AUSA 2008. The system utilizes the Palletized Autonomous Weapon System (PAWS) – a self-contained autonomous armament package scalable for specific mission requirements. The system employs an ‘off the shelf’ weapon station (ATK demonstrated the system with the Raven 400 model), mounting different types of small and medium caliber cannons, particularly ATK’s series of automatic cannons. The PAWS is designed for simple roll-on/roll-off deployment. Within 10 minutes the system can be unpacked, dismounted from the carrier platform and placed in position and become ‘ready to fire’ by remote control. Several PAWS systems can be networked together to enhance coverage, versatility and sensor/weapon interoperability. PAWS can be deployed on ground positions, vehicles, boats, aircraft and helicopters. The system can be configured to run on batteries located on-board or by external power source. The ammunition is also fed from on-board containers.

Sentry-Tech Protecting Hot Borders
A typical example of networked remotely operated weapon system developed by Rafael for the Israeli Army is already operational along the Gaza border. Deployed on pillbox towers along the border fens ‘Sentry-Tech’ weapon stations mounting machine guns are guarding this hot border line. The systems’ role was described as ‘instrumental’ in the Israeli effort to eliminate Palestinians Hamas operatives from approaching the border, laying ambushes, mines and improvised explosives (IEDs) and target Israeli border patrols. Sentry-Tech units are remotely operated from the operational command center by observers that are routinely monitoring the border line. Targets detection is handled as usual, by the different ground and airborne observations. As targets are detected and within range of Sentry-Tech positions, the weapons are slewing toward the designated target. As multiple stations can be operated by a single operator, one or more units can be used to engage the target most effectively. If the target is valid and situation meets the rules of engagement, the firing the weapon is approved.

This process took too long in the past, as different forces in different locations, services and domains had to be integrated ad-hoc. With the new system all the process takes place in a single room, enabling an almost immediate response while maintaining strict control and authority of the entire process.

Before deploying the remotely operated weapons observers played a supportive role, with limited effect. While they could effectively detect, locate and track suspected targets, handoff of such targets to the ‘shooters’ proved too lengthy and complex, a process that frequently eliminated the chance to act, as the target disappeared or changing situation would risk unacceptable collateral damage. Absent of weapon capability.

Enabling observers to employ synchronized firepower transformed the observation post into an integrated ‘sensor-and-shooter’ platform – capable of assuming some of the risky tasks previously done by rapid reaction forces and aerial attack platforms.

The first prototype Sentry-Tech system was tested in 2004. After a successful evaluation, Rafael was contracted to build multiple systems to equip the Gaza border line. Sentry-Tech utilizes Rafael’s Mini-Samson weapon station installed in fixed installation in Pillboxes or relocateable tower systems. Each unit mounts a 7,62 or 0.5″ machine gun, shielded from enemy fire and the elements by an environmentally protective bulletproof canopy. The system is primarily operated by remote control but can also be operated manually when required. The system mounts the observation equipment and communications link to the sector’s operations command center. Sentry-Tech empowers the observers with precision attack lethality, dramatically increases their ability to close kill chains, engaging targets immediately as they are exposed. In addition to the use of direct fire machine guns, observers can also employ precision guided missiles, such as Spike LR optically guided missiles and Lahat laser guided weapons.

MILCOM 2008 Review

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Nov 25, 2008

MILCOM has established itself as the premier international conference for military communications, attracting decision-makers from government, military, academia, and industry. This year, the 27th MILCOM event was held in San Diego 17-19 November 2009.

Established in 1981, MILCOM has become the premiere military and government communications conference attracting more than 5,000 participants, including representatives from more than 30 countries. The conference comprises classified and unclassified presentations, discussion panels and tutorials by leading authorities and technical experts in the areas of military, intelligence and homeland security communications. In addition to the technical program, the Milcom 2008 exhibition provided a showcase for over 400 exhibitors from the U.S.A and abroad, including companies, universities, suppliers and others.

Additional articles covered in this review:

Situational Awareness System (SAS)

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Nov 24, 2008

Situational Awareness System (SAS) is developed and produced by Rheinmetall Defense. It is provided in modular elements, each covering a 180 degree field of view with a vertical arc covering 60 degrees. The system generates a complete situational picture covering 360 degrees with high resolution cameras (operating ‘mega pixel’ type sensors).

Among the features offered by SAS is the capability to blend images as ‘picture in picture’ viewing, displaying selected areas of interest while maintaining coverage and target tracking over the entire circle around the vehicle. The company offers an optional use of uncooled thermal cameras replacing the color video sensors, as well as optional recording, and interfaces with the vehicle fire control system and with the unit’s command and control system. The system enables the crew to monitor the vehicle’s surrounding, detect movement in its vicinity and track potential targets on the system’s main screen. SAS can hand over target directions to on-board weapon stations and the SKWA-360 rotatable countermeasure pedestal, releasing grenades, CS or smoke countermeasures. Another sector-covering systems are the Rosy, firing non lethal 40 mm ammunition such as teargas and rubber-bullets.

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

Defense-UpdateMilitary Technology & Defense News

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