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    M-113 Upgrading & Modernization Program

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    A different approach was implemented by the IDF with the preparation of the M-113 APC to engage in low intensity conflict. The current vehicle is fitted with surrounding mesh armor and an elevated fighting compartment, installed on the top of the existing fighting compartment. The IDF plans to introduce an improved and light weight protection suite for the M-113, currently under development by IMI and RAFAEL.

    The improved modernized M113 will receive the engine designed for the A3 version (275 hp) a new steering wheel and torsion bars that will add to the weight carrying capability of the vehicle. The additional weight of the new suite will total 3.25 tons, and include full protection against multiple hits of heavy automatic, improvised explosive devices (IED) and RPGs. as well as improved floor protection. The hybrid ballistic technology contains a special energetic solution enabling a significant weight reduction together with an increase in crew safety and its surroundings by eliminating the risk of sympathetic detonation. The add-armor uses thick, field replaceable units which can be safely handled and stored. The vehicle will also be fitted with a remote controlled weapon station that will improve both observation and weapons operation capability behind under protection. IMI has unveiled its own design of te remote control station.

    Modern Bombers Applications for Conventional Warfare

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    Start < Page 8 of 9 >


    The high combat effectiveness demonstrated by precision guided weapons brought the US Air Force to reconsider the employment and mission priorities for its bomber force. The US Air Force uses three types of bombers – Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, Rockwell B-1 Lancer and Boeing B-52H Stratofortress. All three were designed during the cold war era to penetrate enemy airspace for strategic nuclear attack. They were equipped with the best systems available at the time to enable autonomous target acquisition and weapon delivery. The military transformation of the 21st century made these bombers obsolete in their original form, but when transforming to “net centric” assets, they become an instrumental element of Battlefield Air Operations, with unmatched weapons carrying capacity, mission endurance, global reach and rapid response capabilities.

    Future bombers could be an evolution of current platforms, including a modification of the F/A-22 stealth fighter. A future derivative called the F/B-22 is currently considered by the air force, as it will be able to carry about 30 small diameter bombs (SDB). With a range of about 1,600 miles, and stealth capability that enables persistence behind enemy lines, penetration of sophisticated air defenses and supercruise, self protection and maneuverability, to expand the USAF long range strike capabilities. Similar capabilities will be also provided by the new generation of Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems (JUCAS) under development at Boeing and Northrop Grumman. Current concepts call for a combination of manned/unmanned combat teams, in which the F/B-22 could become the manned element.

    Apart from manned and unmanned aircraft, the USAF is also considering to develop conventional armed, intercontinental ballistic rockets with precision attack capability, designed to strike anywhere in the world, in minutes or hours rather than days or weeks. For the future the USAF is looking at several alternatives for a next generation bomber. The exact concept is not yet determined. Some possibilities are a manned bomber, an unmanned vehicle, will it be an airplane or whether it will go through or from space.

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    Multilayer Active Protection System

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    Manufacture: XADS

    The company has also proposed and is engaged in preliminary studies of a multi-layered active protection system that designed to protect convoys, vehicles and buildings from various types of threats, such as snipers, RPGs etc.

    The proposed system consists of four layers. The first layer of defense uses the dazzler, consuming less than 1Kw, it can be powered from standard 12 vehicle battery. The dazzler is designed to engage potential threats at the maximum range (within 200 – 500 meters) and disrupt their weapon’s aiming capability. The system will be integrated with a surveillance system that will spot potential threats by employing Gesture Recognition image processing System. (GRS) – since the dazzler is safe and does not have any harmful effects on humans, it will be employed less discriminately, in any instance where potential threats are detected. (such as against stone throwers).

    The second layer of defense consists of directional, laser-assisted electric pulsed effect. The system uses UV laser which ionizes the air to enable effective conduction of the electrical pulse to a range of up to 30 – 100 meters. The pulse will disrupt the electronic elements of the incoming missile and could also trigger it to explode immaturely. The third layer of defense will consist of a “burning laser”, a high power (1.5 – 3KW) IR laser, which will focus on the vulnerable elements of the incoming threat (ogive, fins etc). The fourth and last layer of defense is the Kinetic Resonance Energy Weapon (KREW) – hydrogen powered vortex cannon which generates directional shockwaves at the direction of the threat. This vortex cannon  will be used any threat that penetrated through the outer layers, deflect missiles or stop shrapnel from hitting the protected site.

    Parasight Rocket Launched Observation System

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    The Parasight G140 Rocket launched, parafoil surveillance system provides low-cost, on-demand surveillance to infantry commanders and special forces. Each Parasight sensor pack unit is packed in a 0.45kg tip attached to the 22cm long, 7.5 cm diameter rocket. The rocket lifts the sensor pack to an altitude of 1,000 – 4,000 above ground. At the rocket’s apogee, the sensor pack separates from the rocket and a parafoil opens, to slow its decent to 3-11 minutes (depending on weather conditions, target location and mission profile) and aim it at the targets of interest. The sensor pack has a Sony View-EX monochromatic video camera, which operates in daylight and at low light level (Lux 0.003), a guidance system, GPS position locator and video data link which transmits the images back to the user. The system is operated by a single operator, by a control station which comprises the sensor controls, communications link, video display and antenna patch.

    Virtual Fence – Passive Multi-Sensor System

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    A covert, passive device designed to detect human activity independent of a physical obstacle is the “Virtual Fence” sensor array, combining acoustic, seismic and IR sensors to detect, locate, and identify human activity in a protected area. The system designed by EROD can operate passively under adverse weather conditions, in low visibility and under heavy electromagnetic disturbances. The system enables target detection beyond line of sight, such as movements of humans, vehicles and low flying helicopters hidden in ground defilades.

    The sensors are installed underground, in sealed boxes containing digital signal processors and wireless communications devices, geophones, microphones, IR detectors and power sources. the only element above ground is a concealed camouflaged antenna. each sensor contains a processing unit which performs target identification (ID) and direction finding (DF). The IDDF algorithms enable monitoring and discriminating between diverse activities, such as moving humans, digging and building work, as well as mechanical noises such as approaching vehicles. The system can be implemented to provide early warning for border and perimeter control, tunnel excavation, protection of pipelines and electrical infrastructure, guarding vital installation perimeters as well as monitoring prison fences.

    Precision Strike Systems

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    Start < Page 6 of 9 >

    Modern weapon systems rely on several guidance techniques. Laser guidance is the most mature concept which offers the highest relative accuracy at lowest cost. Several laser guidance methods are utilized, each offers different advantages. For missile guidance, proportional guidance is the most effective, as it provides the highest accuracy in fixed and moving target engagement. The laser sensor is placed on gimbals at the tip of the weapon. The sensor detects the reflections of coded laser beams generated by the target designator. Target illumination can be provided by the engaging platform (the tank, helicopter or aircraft which fired the missile) or by a remote designator (a ground team, scout/recce vehicle, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or supporting aircraft).

    Following is a list of weapons regularly covered by Defense Update

    Long Range / Cruise Missiles
    Medium range
    Medium range / Loitering:
    Short range
    Extended range Ground A/T-Multi-Purpose
    UAV Weapons/submunitions
    Precision Guided Artillery/Mortar Munitions

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    Pantsir S1 Air Defense System

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    Pantsir S1 was developed by KBP, as an upgrade of the Tungushka, offering extended engagement capability such as the use of both gun and missile on the move (Tungushka can use only gun), on the tracked system. The system also offers faster reaction time of 4 – 6 seconds (compared to 8 seconds for the Tungushka and 5 – 7 for Pantsir S1O). Like its predecessor, Pantsir S1 can also engage two separate targets simultaneously.

    The Pantsir is offered in a tracked, wheeled versions, installed on APCs such as BTR-80and trucks, such as the 8×8 Ural 5323 truck. The truck mounted version is loaded with 700 cartridges per barrel and twelve 57E6-E missiles (also known as 9M335 or the 9M311).

    The missile offers high kill probability (0.7 – 0.95) in an expanded envelope with extended range of 1.2 km to 20km, (1.5 – 18 km in Pantsir S1O version) and altitude of 5 m’ to 10 km. The guns are designed for operation at a range of 200 m’ to 4 km and altitude of 0 to 3,000m’. These missiles use a longer tandem boost motor to reach an altitude of 12,000 m’. The range of the radar was also extended to 30km, with simultaneously tracking of up to 20 targets, and engaging two separated targets at the same time. The launch customer of the Pantsir S1 was the UAE.

    The Pantsir S1 uses a multi-band radar with effective ECCM and high immunity to jamming. passive, low band IR target acquisition system, utilize signal processing and automatic target tracking. Pantsir S10 uses only one sensor – probably the passive IR system. The SA-19 missile uses SACLOS guidance, effective to a range of min 2,500 – 8,000 m,. 1RL-144M fire control system uses an E-Band search radar with a detection range of 18km and J band tracking radar. India has procured the system.

    Mikado Micro UAV

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    A micro UAV (MAV) designed for short missions in urban terrain, Mikado is currently under development by EMT. Weighing only 0.5kg, Mikado is designed for missions of up to 20 minutes, at a range of 500 meters. It’s aerodynamic shape based on delta wings and triple fin vertical tail, and communications capabilities are optimized for operation in urban area. The MAV uses a fixed video camera mounted in ventral blister shaped pod located at the lower aft section of the fuselage. Mikado is launched by hand and lands at a pre-designated point by entering a deep stall.

    FENNEK – Krauss-Maffei Wegmann / SP Aerospace

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    FENNEK is an air-portable armored scout vehicle, developed and produced by a consortium including the German company Krauss-Maffai Wegman and the Dutch SP aerospace & vehicle systems. Both countries are procuring 612 vehicles. Deliveries started during the summer of 2003.
    Fennek has a three-man crew, consisting of commander, observer and driver. Its armor protection defeats all handheld weapons as well as AT and AP mines. With a total weight of approximately 11 tons, the vehicle is capable of carrying a payload of 3 tons. The vehicle is equipped with an integral sensor payload and a remotely controlled weapon station, mounting a 7.62 cal. machine gun or a 40 mm grenade launcher.

    StunStrike Weapon

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    Stunstrike is currently in development, and is expected to be ready for fielding by early 2006. StunStrike is based on an artificial lightning technology. Three products are currently under various phases of development – a Briefcase-sized unit, Close Quarters (CQ) Rifle and Short Range Perimeter system. The Briefcase unit is already operational. It is operating at a range of about 2 feet (0.7 meter) used for corridor/doorway security. The unit can be mounted on the ceiling or above a door, activated by remote control or movement detection. The CQ Rifle’s functional core was already demonstrated . It is designed to be effective at ranges of 10 – 12 feet (up to 4 meters). The SR unit is a perimeter security system with a range of up to 25 feet (8 meters), designed to defend things like embassies, etc.

    The Stunstrike system is  programmable, therefore, when fielded, the system could be tuned to ensure maximum safety or rapid response, as required.

    Battle Damage Assessment Capabilities

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    Start < Page 5 of 9 >

    Since precision strikes are effective and accurate, the number of weapons necessary to create the desired effect is sometime limited to a single weapon – to create the minimum – rather than maximum required lethality and minimize collateral damage. Accurate and timely Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) report is therefore required, to determine not only whether the weapon hit the target, but also if the desired effect was achieved. Such an effect can be the elimination of target, but also the absence of collateral damage or fratricide. BDA is becoming an integral component of the modern strike packages, just as the intelligence, targeting, delivery platform and the weapon. An evolving concept for integral BDA is placement of an imaging sensor on the weapon itself. For example, SLAM-ER, SPICE, and JASSM already have a datalinks which provides views of the target until the time of impact. However, this view does not offer an assessment of the target condition after the strike. A more advanced concept offers a jettisoned sensor and datalink package released from the bomb just before it strikes the target. Modern standoff precision weapons also provide significant loitering capability, to enable extended presence over the battle area, as well as co-operative control between weapons, providing mutual targeting and BDA. Multi-Kill Capable weapons systems will be able to operate autonomously, with or without “man-in-the-loop” for final verification of targets, based on real-time situational awareness. Such weapons are expected to maintain long persistence over the Battlefield, for several days, and provide inherent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, which will be augmented by supporting assets.

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    SaberShot Photonic Disruptor (Laser Dazzler)

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    The company received a first order for the SaberShot photonic disruptor (laser Dazzler), a high resolution green laser used to flash-blind and disorient an aggressor at long range. SaberShot is fully tested and will be used as an interim non-lethal measure by US troops. Dazzlers are available in various forms, from a pen-sized devices effective at a range of 200 meters, flashlight devices effective at 500 meters and rifle size units, with a range of two kilometers.

    DEFEXPO 2004 – UAVs

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    Israeli companies demonstrated a high profile in DEFEXPO, evident to the warming relations between India and Israel and the growing volume of defense exports between the two countries. One of the hottest issues was UAVs – India has already bought Searcher and Heron systems from IAI. The company displayed here a wide range of payloads that can be fitted with these UAVs, including a SAR, maritime patrol radar and ESM payloads. More Israeli companies are trying to interest India in UAV designs – in this year’s event, both Elbit Systems and RAFAEL demonstrated their UAV capabilities, with the introduction of the miniature Skylark systems. (Both RAFAEL and Elbit chose the same name for their mini UAV programs). Another miniature UAV – I-SEE was unveiled here, for the first time by IAI. Elbit has also brought a full scale model of the Hermes 180 close range UAV, designed for brigade and division level. EMIT brought to India its field proven systems, including the Blue Horizon and Sparrow. Another new system from Elbit was the tactical satellite communications terminal, demonstrated here I live operation for the first time. The system resulted from cooperation between Elbit and Gilat Satellite Communications Company. It can link to any satellite and integrate tactical networks with voice or data communications, over long ranges via satellite relays. Elbit has also developed and tested a special podded satellite link, mounted on top of the fuselage of medium and large UAVs such as the Hermes 1500 and Hermes 450. This installation does not limit the range or performance of the UAV but extends it range to the maximum range, well beyond the communications range of existing terrestrial datalinks. RAFAEL also presented the Stalker system, proposed for border security and tactical surveillance roles.

    Precision Munitions for 120mm Mortars – US Developments

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    Start < Page 7 of 7 >

    Advanced mortar bombs are under advanced development stage for the US Army. XM984 Extended Range Mortar Cartridge (ERMC) is currently under development for by Talley Defense Systems for the US Army 120 mm M120/M121 mortar system. A conventional M934 bomb fired from this system will reach a maximum range of 7,200 metres. The XM984 is expected to almost double the range, to reach 12,000 m’. The range extension being produced by a nose-mounted rocket motor that cuts in at a pre-determined point during the bomb’s trajectory. The rocket will fire 12 seconds after the launch, and burn for a period of four seconds. After a predestinated delay, 54 M80 grenades will be released from the bomb, effecting a target are 233 percent larger than an HE bomb.

    A different munition is the M395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition (PGMM) under development at Lockheed Martin and Diehl of Germany as well as ATK, which recently won a US Army development contract for the weapon. Lockheed Martin’s PGMM  is based on Diehl’s Bussard artillery projectile, will provide the tactical commander with ‘surgical’ strike capability, to destroy high value / high risk targets. Using such munitions could increase the future effective range from 0.5 up to 15km. PGMM will not use rocket assistance for range enhancement, but utilize aerodynamic surfaces for the mid-course gliding. On the terminal phase, a semi-active laser homing seeker acquires the target and guide the munition to impact. Initial productions of the PGMM will be equipped with semi-active laser seekers, and be capable of a range of 7.5 km. Follow-on systems will have optional thermal imager, and extended range capability, as well as more choices for fuzes and warheads. The IR seeker will detect and classify targets, process the information automatically into navigation (GPS), guidance and control subsystems to ensure first-hit-on-target. A self-destruct mechanism eliminates the collateral damage from duds, for advancing troops. The initial phase of the program was completed in 2001 with successful live fire demonstration. Advanced development was started in 2002.

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